List of governors of Mississippi

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Governor of Mississippi
Seal of Mississippi (2014–present).svg
Seal of Mississippi
Tate Reeves 2019 (cropped).jpg
Incumbent
Tate Reeves
since January 14, 2020
Style
Status
ResidenceMississippi Governor's Mansion
Term lengthFour years, renewable once
FormationConstitution of Mississippi
SuccessionEvery four years, unless reelected
DeputyLieutenant Governor of Mississippi
Salary$122,160[1]
WebsiteOfficial website

The governor of Mississippi is the head of state and head of government of Mississippi[2] and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.[2] The governor has a duty to enforce state laws,[3] and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Mississippi Legislature,[4] to convene the legislature at any time,[5] and, except in cases of treason or impeachment, to grant pardons and reprieves.[6]

To be elected governor, a person must be at least 30 years old, and must have been a citizen of the United States for twenty years and a resident of Mississippi for at least five years at the time of inauguration.[7] The Constitution of Mississippi, ratified in 1890, calls for a four-year term for the governor, elected via the two-round system since a 2020 referendum. Prior to this, the governor was elected by an electoral college composed of the districts represented in the Mississippi House of Representatives, with a contingent election held in the House in the event no candidate received a majority of district electors. The term length was originally two years,[8] with no limit on how many terms they could serve. The 1832 constitution limited governors to serving no more than four out of every six years.[9] When terms were lengthened to four years in 1868,[10] this limit was removed. The 1890 constitution forbid governors from succeeding themselves, but a 1986 amendment allows them to succeed themselves once.[2][11] The office of lieutenant governor was created in the 1817 constitution, abolished in 1932, and recreated in 1868. When the office of governor becomes vacant for any reason, the lieutenant governor exercises the powers of governor for the remainder of the term.[12]

The current governor is Republican Tate Reeves, who took office January 14, 2020.

Governors of Mississippi Territory[edit]

Mississippi Territory was organized on April 7, 1798, from land ceded to the federal government by Georgia.[13] It had four governors appointed by the President of the United States during its 19-year history, including one, David Holmes, who would later serve as state governor.

Governors of Mississippi Territory
No. Governor Term in office[a] Appointed by
1 Winthrop Sargent.jpg Winthrop Sargent
(1753–1820)
[14] 		May 7, 1798[b]
–
May 25, 1801
(successor appointed) 		John Adams
2 William C C Claiborne rectangleLAState.jpg William C. C. Claiborne
(d. 1817)
[18] 		May 25, 1801[c]
–
March 2, 1805
(successor appointed) 		Thomas Jefferson
3 Robert Williams (Mississippi Governor).jpg Robert Williams
(1770–1836)
[22] 		March 2, 1805[d]
–
March 7, 1809
(successor appointed) 		Thomas Jefferson
4 DavidHolmesMS.jpg David Holmes
(1769–1832)
[26][27][28] 		March 7, 1809[e]
–
October 7, 1817
(elected state governor) 		James Madison

Governors of the State of Mississippi[edit]

Mississippi was admitted to the Union on December 10, 1817.[33] It seceded from the Union on January 9, 1861,[34] and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861.[35] Following the end of the American Civil War, Mississippi during Reconstruction was part of the Fourth Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Alabama was readmitted to the Union on February 23, 1870.[36]

Governors of the State of Mississippi
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[f][g]
1 DavidHolmesMS.jpg   David Holmes
(1769–1832)
[26][27][28] 		October 7, 1817[37]
–
January 5, 1820
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1817   Duncan Stewart
2 GeorgePoindexter.jpg George Poindexter
(1779–1853)
[38][39] 		January 5, 1820[40]
–
January 7, 1822
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1819 James Patton
3 Walter Leake.jpg Walter Leake
(1762–1825)
[41][42] 		January 7, 1822[37]
–
November 17, 1825
(died in office) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1821 David Dickson
1823 Gerard Brandon
4 Gerard Chittocque Brandon.jpg Gerard Brandon
(1788–1850)
[43][44] 		November 17, 1825[37]
–
January 7, 1826
(successor took office) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Lieutenant
governor
acting 		Acting as governor
5 DavidHolmesMS.jpg David Holmes
(1769–1832)
[26][27][28] 		January 7, 1826[45]
–
July 25, 1826
(resigned)[h] 		Democratic-
Republican 		1825 Gerard Brandon
6 Gerard Chittocque Brandon.jpg Gerard Brandon
(1788–1850)
[43][44] 		July 25, 1826[46]
–
January 9, 1832
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Lieutenant
governor
acting 		Acting as governor
1827 Abram M. Scott
1829
7 Abram M. Scott (Mississippi Governor).jpg Abram M. Scott
(1785–1833)
[47][48] 		January 9, 1832[37]
–
June 12, 1833
(died in office) 		National
Republican 		1831 Fountain Winston
(office abolished
October 26, 1832)
Office did not exist
8 Charles Lynch - Gouverneur von Mississippi.jpg Charles Lynch
(1783–1853)
[49][50] 		June 12, 1833[37]
–
November 20, 1833
(successor took office) 		National
Republican 		President of
the Senate
acting
9 Hiram G. Runnels (Mississippi Governor).jpg Hiram Runnels
(1796–1857)
[51][52] 		November 21, 1833[i]
–
November 21, 1835
(lost election)[j] 		Democratic 1833
10 John A Quitman.jpg John A. Quitman
(1798–1858)
[55][56] 		December 3, 1835[57]
–
January 7, 1836
(successor took office) 		Whig President of
the Senate
acting
11 Charles Lynch - Gouverneur von Mississippi.jpg Charles Lynch
(1783–1853)
[49][50] 		January 7, 1836[58]
–
January 8, 1838
(did not run) 		Whig 1835
12 Alexander G. McNutt.jpg Alexander G. McNutt
(1802–1848)
[59][60] 		January 8, 1838[61]
–
January 9, 1842
(term-limited)[k] 		Democratic 1837
1839
13 Tilghman M. Tucker (Mississippi Governor).jpg Tilghman Tucker
(1802–1859)
[63][64] 		January 10, 1842[62]
–
January 10, 1844
(lost nomination)[l] 		Democratic 1841
14 Hon. Brown - NARA - 528693.jpg Albert G. Brown
(1813–1880)
[65][66] 		January 10, 1844[67]
–
January 10, 1848
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1843
1845
15 Govmathews.jpg Joseph W. Matthews
(1812–1862)
[68][69] 		January 10, 1848[70]
–
January 10, 1850
(did not run) 		Democratic 1847
16 John A Quitman.jpg John A. Quitman
(1798–1858)
[55][56] 		January 10, 1850[71]
–
February 3, 1851
(resigned)[m] 		Democratic 1849
17 John Isaac Guion (Mississippi Governor).jpg John Isaac Guion
(1802–1855)
[72][73] 		February 3, 1851[74]
–
November 4, 1851
(senate term expired)[n] 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting
18 James whitfield Gov.jpg James Whitfield
(1791–1875)
[75][76] 		November 25, 1851[o]
–
January 10, 1852
(successor took office) 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting
19 HSFoote.jpg Henry S. Foote
(1804–1880)
[78][79] 		January 10, 1852[80]
–
January 5, 1854
(resigned)[p] 		Union Democratic 1851
20 John J. Pettus.jpg John J. Pettus
(1813–1867)
[81][82] 		January 5, 1854[83]
–
January 10, 1854
(successor took office) 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting
21 John J. McRae portrait..jpg John J. McRae
(1815–1868)
[84][85] 		January 10, 1854[86]
–
November 16, 1857
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1853
1855
22 William McWillie.jpg William McWillie
(1795–1869)
[87][88] 		November 16, 1857[89]
–
November 21, 1859
(did not run) 		Democratic 1857
23 John J. Pettus.jpg John J. Pettus
(1813–1867)
[81][82] 		November 21, 1859[90]
–
November 16, 1863
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1859
1861
24 Charles Clark.jpg Charles Clark
(1811–1877)
[91][92] 		November 16, 1863[93]
–
May 22, 1865
(arrested and removed)[q] 		Democratic 1863
25 William L. Sharkey portrait..jpg William L. Sharkey
(1798–1873)
[94][95] 		June 13, 1865[96]
–
October 16, 1865
(did not run)[r] 		— Provisional
governor
appointed by
President
26 BGHumphreys.jpg Benjamin G. Humphreys
(1808–1882)
[97][100] 		October 16, 1865[101]
–
June 15, 1868
(removed)[s] 		Non-partisan[t] 1865
27 Gen. Adelbert Ames - NARA - 527085.jpg Adelbert Ames
(1835–1933)
[102][103] 		June 15, 1868[104]
–
March 10, 1870
(state readmitted)[u] 		— Military
occupation[v]
28 JLAlcorn.jpg James L. Alcorn
(1816–1894)
[105][106] 		March 10, 1870[107]
–
November 30, 1871
(resigned)[w] 		Republican 1869 Ridgley C. Powers
29 Ridgley Ceylon Powers.jpg Ridgley C. Powers
(1836–1812)
[108][109] 		November 30, 1871[110]
–
January 22, 1874
(did not run) 		Republican Lieutenant
governor
acting 		Acting as governor
30 Gen. Adelbert Ames - NARA - 527085.jpg Adelbert Ames
(1835–1833)
[102][103] 		January 22, 1874[111]
–
March 29, 1876
(resigned)[x] 		Republican 1873 Alexander Kelso Davis
(impeached and removed)
Vacant
31 John M. Stone (Mississippi Governor).jpg John Marshall Stone
(1830–1900)
[112][113] 		March 29, 1876[114]
–
January 9, 1882
(lost nomination)[y] 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting
1877 William H. Sims
32 Governor Robert Lowry, Jan. 29, 1882 to Jan. 13, 1890 (14099807806).jpg Robert Lowry
(1829–1910)
[115][116] 		January 9, 1882[117]
–
January 13, 1890
(did not run) 		Democratic 1881 G. D. Shands
1885
33 John M. Stone (Mississippi Governor).jpg John Marshall Stone
(1830–1900)
[112][113] 		January 13, 1890[118]
–
January 21, 1896
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1889 M. M. Evans
34 AnselmJMcLaurin.jpg Anselm J. McLaurin
(1848–1909)
[119][120] 		January 21, 1896[121]
–
January 16, 1900
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1895 J. H. Jones
35 Andrew Longino.jpg Andrew H. Longino
(1854–1942)
[122][123] 		January 16, 1900[124]
–
January 19, 1904
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1899 James T. Harrison
36 James Kimble Vardaman.jpg James K. Vardaman
(1861–1930)
[125][126] 		January 19, 1904[127]
–
January 21, 1908
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1903 John Prentiss Carter
37 Edmond Noel.jpg Edmond Noel
(1856–1927)
[128][129] 		January 21, 1908[130]
–
January 16, 1912
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1907 Luther Manship
38 Earl Leroy Brewer.jpg Earl L. Brewer
(1869–1942)
[131][132] 		January 16, 1912[133]
–
January 18, 1916
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1911 Theodore G. Bilbo
39 Theodore Bilbo.jpg Theodore G. Bilbo
(1877–1947)
[134][135] 		January 18, 1916[136]
–
January 18, 1920
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1915 Lee M. Russell
40 Lee M. Russell.jpg Lee M. Russell
(1875–1943)
[137][138] 		January 20, 1920[139]
–
January 22, 1924
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1919 Homer Casteel
41 HL whitfield Gov.jpg Henry L. Whitfield
(1868–1927)
[140][141] 		January 22, 1924[142]
–
March 18, 1927
(died in office) 		Democratic 1923 Dennis Murphree
42 Dennis Herron Murphree in 1927.jpg Dennis Murphree
(1886–1949)
[143][144] 		March 18, 1927[145]
–
January 17, 1928
(lost nomination)[z] 		Democratic Lieutenant
governor
acting 		Acting as governor
43 Theodore Bilbo.jpg Theodore G. Bilbo
(1877–1947)
[134][135] 		January 17, 1928[146]
–
January 19, 1932
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1927 Bidwell Adam
44 Governor Martin S. Conner, Jan. 19, 1932 to Jan. 21, 1936 (14123298914).jpg Martin Sennet Conner
(1891–1950)
[147][148] 		January 19, 1932[149]
–
January 21, 1936
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1931 Dennis Murphree
45 Hugh L. White.jpg Hugh L. White
(1881–1965)
[150][151] 		January 21, 1936[152]
–
January 16, 1940
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1935 Jacob Buehler Snider
46 PBJohnson.jpg Paul B. Johnson Sr.
(1880–1943)
[153][154] 		January 16, 1940[155]
–
December 26, 1943
(died in office) 		Democratic 1939 Dennis Murphree
47 Dennis Herron Murphree in 1927.jpg Dennis Murphree
(1886–1949)
[143][144] 		December 26, 1943[156]
–
January 18, 1944
(successor took office) 		Democratic Lieutenant
governor
acting 		Acting as governor
48 Governor Thomas L. Bailey, Jan. 18, 1944 to Nov. 2, 1946 (13936315729).jpg Thomas L. Bailey
(1888–1946)
[157][158] 		January 18, 1944[159]
–
November 2, 1946
(died in office) 		Democratic 1943 Fielding L. Wright
49 Fielding L. Wright portrait.jpg Fielding L. Wright[aa]
(1895–1956)
[160][161] 		November 2, 1946[162]
–
January 22, 1952
(term-limited) 		Democratic Lieutenant
governor
acting 		Acting as governor
50 1947 Sam Lumpkin
51 Hugh L. White.jpg Hugh L. White
(1881–1965)
[150][151] 		January 22, 1952[163]
–
January 17, 1956
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1951 Carroll Gartin
52 Governor James P. Coleman, Jan. 17, 1956 to Jan. 19, 1960 (14143043313).jpg James P. Coleman
(1914–1991)
[164][165] 		January 17, 1956[166]
–
January 19, 1960
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1955
53 Former Gov. and Mrs. Ross Barnett at Paul Johnson's Inaugural Ball, Jan., '64..png Ross Barnett
(1898–1987)
[167][168] 		January 19, 1960[169]
–
January 21, 1964
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1959 Paul B. Johnson Jr.
54 Paul B. Johnson Jr.jpg Paul B. Johnson Jr.
(1916–1985)
[170][171] 		January 21, 1964[172]
–
January 16, 1968
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1963 Carroll Gartin
(died December 19, 1966)
Vacant
55 Governor John Bell Williams, Jan. 16, 1968 to Jan. 18, 1972 (14122979895).jpg John Bell Williams
(1918–1983)
[173][174] 		January 16, 1968[175]
–
January 18, 1972
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1967 Charles L. Sullivan
56 Bill Waller official.jpg Bill Waller
(1926–2011)
[176][177] 		January 18, 1972[178]
–
January 20, 1976
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1971 William F. Winter
57 Cliff Finch.jpg Cliff Finch
(1927–1986)
[179][180] 		January 20, 1976[181]
–
January 22, 1980
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1975 Evelyn Gandy
58 Governor William F. Winter.png William F. Winter
(1923–2020)
[182] 		January 22, 1980[183]
–
January 10, 1984
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1979 Brad Dye
59 William Allain (1985) (cropped).png William Allain
(1928–2013)
[184] 		January 10, 1984[185]
–
January 12, 1988
(did not run) 		Democratic 1983
60 Ray Mabus (MS).png Ray Mabus
(b. 1948)
[186] 		January 12, 1988[187]
–
January 14, 1992
(lost election) 		Democratic 1987
61 Kirk Fordice at podium cropped.jpg Kirk Fordice
(1934–2004)
[188] 		January 14, 1992[189]
–
January 11, 2000
(term-limited) 		Republican 1991 Eddie Briggs
1995 Ronnie Musgrove
62 David Ronald Musgrove.jpg Ronnie Musgrove
(b. 1956)
[190] 		January 11, 2000[191]
–
January 13, 2004
(lost election) 		Democratic 1999 Amy Tuck[ab]
63 Haley Barbour (5449690313) (cropped).jpg Haley Barbour
(b. 1947)
[193] 		January 13, 2004[194]
–
January 10, 2012
(term-limited) 		Republican 2003
2007 Phil Bryant
64 Secretary Perry with Govt Phil Bryant KSS2455 (32743097363) (cropped).jpg Phil Bryant
(b. 1954)
[195] 		January 10, 2012[196]
–
January 14, 2020
(term-limited) 		Republican 2011 Tate Reeves
2015
65 Tate Reeves 2019.jpg Tate Reeves
(b. 1974)
[197] 		January 14, 2020[198]
–
Incumbent[ac] 		Republican 2019 Delbert Hosemann

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor left office.
  2. ^ George Mathews was nominated on April 18, 1798,[15] but was withdrawn and Sargent nominated on May 2.[16] He was confirmed by the Senate on May 7,[17] and arrived in the territory on August 6.[14]
  3. ^ Claiborne was appointed on May 25, 1801,[19] during a Senate recess; nominated on January 6, 1802;[20] and confirmed by the Senate on January 26, 1802.[21] He arrived in the territory on November 23, 1801.[18]
  4. ^ Williams was nominated on March 1, 1805;[23] confirmed by the Senate on March 2;[24] and he arrived in the territory in May.[22] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on March 14, 1808.[25]
  5. ^ Holmes was nominated on March 6, 1809;[29] confirmed by the Senate on March 7;[30] and he arrived in the territory on June 30.[26] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on March 31, 1812,[31] and December 10, 1814.[32]
  6. ^ The office of lieutenant governor was created in the 1817 constitution, abolished in the 1832 constitution, and recreated in the 1868 constitution.
  7. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  8. ^ Holmes resigned due to ill health.[27]
  9. ^ All sources, modern and older, say Runnels took office on November 20; however, contemporary news shows he was inaugurated on November 21.[53][54]
  10. ^ The 1832 constitution specified that governor "shall hold his office for two years from the time of his installation;" thus, on November 21, 1835, two years after he took office, Runnels, having lost the 1835 election, left office. However, the legislature had set the start of the next term in January. The Senate met on December 3 and elected a new president, Quitman, who would act as governor until the governor-elect, Lynch, took office.[55]
  11. ^ McNutt's term constitutionally could only last two years, so on January 9, he left office and President of the Senate Jesse Speight became acting governor for one day.[62]
  12. ^ Tucker lost the Democratic nomination to Albert G. Brown.[65]
  13. ^ Quitman resigned after being arrested for his involvement in the Lopez Expedition; he was later acquitted.[55]
  14. ^ All senate terms ended on November 4; Secretary of State of Mississippi Joseph Bell acted as chief executive until the senate could convene and elect a new president.[72]
  15. ^ All modern sources say Whitfield took office November 24;[37] however, contemporary news reports say the final vote was the next morning.[77]
  16. ^ Foote resigned due to tensions resolving around secession.[78]
  17. ^ Clark was arrested by Union forces.[91]
  18. ^ Humphreys was sworn in on October 16.[97] Sharkey was elected to the Senate on October 19, Humphreys signed his credentials on October 31, and Sharkey presented them to the United States Senate on December 12,[98] though he was refused his seat.[94] However, some reputable sources say Sharkey remained in office until December, when President Andrew Johnson ordered him to turn over power to Humphreys.[99]
  19. ^ Humphreys was removed by federal forces and replaced with a military governor after his failure to comply with the Reconstruction Acts.[97]
  20. ^ The 1865 election was officially non-partisan.[97]
  21. ^ Mississippi was readmitted to Congress on February 23, 1870, and Ames was elected to the United States Senate that same day. He left office upon the inauguration of James Alcorn.[102]
  22. ^ Provisional governor appointed by General Ulysses S. Grant[102]
  23. ^ Alcorn resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; his senate term had begun on March 4, 1871, but he delayed taking it.[105]
  24. ^ Ames resigned under threat of impeachment from the newly-elected Democratic legislature.[102]
  25. ^ Stone lost the Democratic nomination to Robert Lowry.[112]
  26. ^ Murphree lost the Democratic nomination to Theodore G. Bilbo.
  27. ^ Mississippi numbers Wright as both the 49th governor (completing his predecessor's term) and the 50th governor (his own elected term).
  28. ^ Tuck switched her party membership to the Republican Party in 2002.[192]
  29. ^ Reeves' first term expires in January 2024.

References[edit]

General
  • "Former Mississippi Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  • McMullin, Thomas A. (1984). Biographical directory of American territorial governors. Westport, CT : Meckler. ISBN 978-0-930466-11-4. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. II. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
Specific
  1. ^ Pender, Geoff (April 7, 2022). "Amid vetoes, Gov. Reeves lets pay raises for elected officials pass". Mississippi Today. Nonprofit Mississippi News. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
  2. ^ a b c MS Const. art. V, § 116.
  3. ^ MS Const. art. V, § 123.
  4. ^ MS Const. art. IV, § 72.
  5. ^ MS Const. art. V, § 121.
  6. ^ MS Const. art. V, § 140-141.
  7. ^ MS Const. art. V, § 117.
  8. ^ 1817 art iv sec 1
  9. ^ 1832 art v sec 3
  10. ^ MS Const. (1817) art. IV, § 1; MS Const. (1832) art. V, § 1; MS Const. (1868) art. V, § 1.
  11. ^ "Haley Barbour: Sixty-fourth and Sixty-fifth Governor of Mississippi: 2004-2008; 2008-2012 | Mississippi History Now". www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov. Archived from the original on 2016-12-30.
  12. ^ MS Const. art. V, § 131.
  13. ^ 1 Stat. 549
  14. ^ a b McMullin pp. 203–204
  15. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 5th Cong., 2nd sess., 18 April 1798, 269. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  16. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 5th Cong., 2nd sess., 2 May 1798, 272. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  17. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 5th Cong., 2nd sess., 7 May 1798, 274. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  18. ^ a b McMullin pp. 205–207
  19. ^ "From Thomas Jefferson to William C. C. Claiborne, 13 July 1801," Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-34-02-0427. [Original source: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 34, 1 May–31 July 1801, ed. Barbara B. Oberg. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007, pp. 560–562.] Accessed March 15, 2023.
  20. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 7th Cong., 1st sess., 6 January 1802, 401. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  21. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 7th Cong., 1st sess., 26 January 1802, 405. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  22. ^ a b McMullin pp. 207–208
  23. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 8th Cong., 2nd sess., 1 March 1805, 484. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  24. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 8th Cong., 2nd sess., 2 March 1805, 485. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  25. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 10th Cong., 1st sess., 14 March 1808, 72. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  26. ^ a b c d McMullin pp. 208–210
  27. ^ a b c d Sobel p. 801
  28. ^ a b c "David Holmes". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  29. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 11th Cong., special sess., 6 March 1809, 119. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  30. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 11th Cong., special sess., 7 March 1809, 120. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  31. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 12th Cong., 1st sess., 31 March 1812, 242. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  32. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 13th Cong., 3rd sess., 10 December 1814, 591. Accessed March 15, 2023.
  33. ^ 3 Stat. 348, 3 Stat. 472
  34. ^ "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". University of Houston. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  35. ^ Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 8, 2015
  36. ^ 16 Stat. 67
  37. ^ a b c d e f Secretary of State of Mississippi, "Mississippi Blue Book. Biennial report of the Secretary of State to the Legislature of Mississippi. [1929-1931]" (1931). page 40, accessed March 20, 2023.
  38. ^ Sobel pp. 801–802
  39. ^ "George Poindexter". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  40. ^ "Poindexter sworn in Jan 5". Natchez Gazette. 1820-01-08. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  41. ^ Sobel pp. 802–803
  42. ^ "Walter Leake". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  43. ^ a b Sobel p. 803
  44. ^ a b "Gerard Chittocque Brandon". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  45. ^ "Holmes inaugurated Jan 7". Natchez Gazette. 1826-01-14. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  46. ^ "Holmes resigns Jan 25, Brandon acts". State Journal. 1826-07-29. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  47. ^ Sobel p. 804
  48. ^ "Abram Marshall Scott". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  49. ^ a b Sobel pp. 804–805
  50. ^ a b "Charles Lynch". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  51. ^ Sobel p. 805
  52. ^ "Hiram George Runnels". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  53. ^ "Runnels inaugurated Nov 21". The Natchez Weekly Courier. 1833-12-06. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  54. ^ "Interregnum". The Weekly Mississippian. 1835-11-27. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  55. ^ a b c d Sobel p. 806
  56. ^ a b "John Anthony Quitman". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  57. ^ "Proceedings of the Senate". The Weekly Mississippian. 1835-12-18. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  58. ^ "Lynch inaugurated January 7". The Weekly Mississippian. 1836-01-18. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  59. ^ Sobel p. 807
  60. ^ "Alexander Gallatin Mcnutt". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  61. ^ "McNutt inaugurated January 8". Vicksburg Whig. 1838-01-10. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  62. ^ a b "Speight becomes acting governor Jan 9, Tucker inaugurated Jan 10". Southern Argus. 1842-01-18. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  63. ^ Sobel pp. 807–808
  64. ^ "Tilghman Mayfield Tucker". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  65. ^ a b Sobel p. 808
  66. ^ "Albert Gallatin Brown". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  67. ^ "Brown inaugurated January 10". The Mississippi Free Trader. 1844-01-13. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  68. ^ Sobel p. 809
  69. ^ "Joseph W. Matthews". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  70. ^ "Matthews inaugurated January 10". The Weekly Mississippian. 1848-01-14. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  71. ^ "Quitman inaugurated January 10". Natchez Daily Courier. 1850-01-15. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  72. ^ a b Sobel pp. 809–810
  73. ^ "John Isaac Guion". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  74. ^ "Quitman resigns, Guion acts, Feburary 3". Vicksburg Whig. 1851-02-05. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  75. ^ Sobel pp. 810–811
  76. ^ "James Whitfield". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  77. ^ "Whitfield elected president of the senate November 25". Mississippi Palladium. 1851-12-05. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  78. ^ a b Sobel p. 811
  79. ^ "Henry Stuart Foote". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  80. ^ "Foote inaugurated January 10". The Weekly Mississippian. 1852-01-16. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  81. ^ a b Sobel p. 812
  82. ^ a b "John Jones Pettus". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  83. ^ "Foote resigns "12 o'clock Friday", probably means midnight between January 5 and 6". Natchez Daily Courier. 1854-01-13. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  84. ^ Sobel pp. 812–813
  85. ^ "John Jones McRae". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  86. ^ "McRae inaugurated January 10". Mississippi Free Trader. 1854-01-24. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  87. ^ Sobel pp. 813–814
  88. ^ "William McWillie". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  89. ^ "McWillie inaugurated November 16". Vicksburg Whig. 1857-11-25. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  90. ^ "McWillie inaugurated November 21". Vicksburg Whig. 1859-11-23. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  91. ^ a b Sobel p. 814
  92. ^ "Charles Clark". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  93. ^ "Clark inaugurated 1863". The American Citizen. 1863-11-24. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  94. ^ a b Sobel p. 815
  95. ^ "William Lewis Sharkey". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  96. ^ "Sharkey appointed June 13". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1865-06-14. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  97. ^ a b c d Sobel pp. 815–816
  98. ^ Cong. Globe, 38th Cong., 2nd Sess. 7 (1865). Accessed March 17, 2023
  99. ^ Sansing, David. "William Lewis Sharkey". Mississippi Historial Society. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  100. ^ "Benjamin Grubb Humphreys". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  101. ^ "Humphreys inaugurated October 16". The Daily Mississippian. 1865-10-20. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  102. ^ a b c d e Sobel pp. 816–817
  103. ^ a b "Adelbert Ames". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  104. ^ "Humphreys removed, Ames appointed, June 15". Natchez Democrat. 1868-06-18. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  105. ^ a b Sobel p. 817
  106. ^ "James Lusk Alcorn". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  107. ^ "Alcorn inaugurated March 10". The Vicksburg Herald. 1870-03-11. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  108. ^ Sobel p. 818
  109. ^ "Ridgley Ceylon Powers". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  110. ^ "Alcorn resigns November 30". The Weekly Panola Star. 1871-12-09. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  111. ^ "Ames inaugurated January 22". The Clarion-Ledger. 1874-01-29. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  112. ^ a b c Sobel pp. 818–819
  113. ^ a b "John Marshall Stone". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  114. ^ "Ames resigns, Stone becomes governor". The American Citizen. 1876-04-01. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  115. ^ Sobel pp. 819–820
  116. ^ "Robert Lowry". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  117. ^ "Lowry inaugurated January 9". The Vicksburg Herald. 1882-01-11. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  118. ^ "Stone inaugurated January 13". Clarion-Ledger. 1890-01-14. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  119. ^ Sobel pp. 820–821
  120. ^ "Anselm McLaurin". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  121. ^ "McLaurin inaugurated January 21". Vicksburg Evening Post. 1896-01-21. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  122. ^ Sobel p. 821
  123. ^ "Andrew Houston Longino". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  124. ^ "Governor Longino". Weekly Clarion-Ledger. 1900-01-18. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  125. ^ Sobel pp. 821–822
  126. ^ "James Vardaman". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  127. ^ "Begun His Duties". Jackson Daily News. 1904-01-20. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  128. ^ Sobel pp. 822–823
  129. ^ "Edmond Favor Noel". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  130. ^ "Edmon F. Noel Takes the Oath as Governor". Jackson Daily News. 1908-01-21. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  131. ^ Sobel p. 823
  132. ^ "Earl Leroy Brewer". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  133. ^ "Governor Earl Brewer Takes Oath of Office". Jackson Daily News. 1912-01-16. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  134. ^ a b Sobel pp. 823–824
  135. ^ a b "Theodore Gilmore Bilbo". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  136. ^ "Theo. G. Bilbo Takes the Oath as Governor". Jackson Daily News. 1916-01-18. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  137. ^ Sobel pp. 824–825
  138. ^ "Lee Maurice Russell". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  139. ^ "Lee M. Russell Is Inaugurated State's Chief". Jackson Daily News. 1920-01-20. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  140. ^ Sobel p. 825
  141. ^ "Henry Lewis Whitfield". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  142. ^ "Henry Whitfield Is Inaugurated". The Greenwood Commonwealth. 1924-01-22. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  143. ^ a b Sobel p. 826
  144. ^ a b "Dennis Herron Murphree". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  145. ^ "Newspaperman Successor to Gov. Whitfield". The Clarksdale Press Register. 1927-03-18. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  146. ^ "Theodore Bilbo Takes Oath of Office as Governor". Clarion-Ledger. 1928-01-18. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  147. ^ Sobel pp. 826–827
  148. ^ "Martin Sennet Conner". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  149. ^ "As Conner Said, "I Do"". Clarion-Ledger. 1932-01-20. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  150. ^ a b Sobel pp. 827–828
  151. ^ a b "Hugh Lawson White". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  152. ^ "White Dedicates Self to Program of State Uplift". Clarion-Ledger. 1936-01-22. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  153. ^ Sobel p. 828
  154. ^ "Paul Burney Johnson, Sr". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  155. ^ "New Governor Takes Oath of Office". Clarion-Ledger. 1940-01-17. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  156. ^ "Governor Johnson Passes Away". Clarion-Ledger. 1943-12-27. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  157. ^ Sobel pp. 828–829
  158. ^ "Thomas Lowry Bailey". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  159. ^ "Gov. Bailey Offers Broad Plans in Inaugural Message". Clarion-Ledger. 1944-01-19. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  160. ^ Sobel pp. 829–830
  161. ^ "Fielding Lewis Wright". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  162. ^ "Governor Bailey Is Dead". Clarion-Ledger. 1946-11-02. p. 9. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  163. ^ "New Governor Calls for Curb on Taxes; Positive SR Program". Clarion-Ledger. 1952-01-23. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  164. ^ Sobel pp. 830–831
  165. ^ "James Plemon Coleman". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  166. ^ "Governor Coleman Pledges He'll Maintain Segregation". Clarion-Ledger. 1956-01-18. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  167. ^ Sobel p. 831
  168. ^ "Ross Robert Barnett". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  169. ^ "Governor Barnett Urges Unity, Promises No-Mix". Clarion-Ledger. 1960-01-20. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  170. ^ Sobel pp. 831–832
  171. ^ "Paul B. Johnson Jr". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  172. ^ "Paul Johnson Bold in Opening Address". Clarion-Ledger. 1964-01-22. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  173. ^ Sobel pp. 832–833
  174. ^ "John Bell Williams". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  175. ^ "Williams Becomes Governor; Fills Three Major State Jobs". Clarion-Ledger. 1968-01-17. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  176. ^ Sobel pp. 833–834
  177. ^ "William Lowe Waller". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  178. ^ "'Straight Ahead' Is Waller's Pledge". Clarion-Ledger. 1972-01-19. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  179. ^ Sobel p. 834
  180. ^ "Charles Clifton Finch". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  181. ^ "Finch inaugurated as governor of Mississippi". The Sun. 1976-01-21. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  182. ^ "William Forrest Winter". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  183. ^ "Winter sworn in as 58th governor". Clarion-Ledger. 1980-01-23. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  184. ^ "William A. Allain". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  185. ^ "Allain cites unity as key to progress". Clarion-Ledger. 1984-01-11. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  186. ^ "Raymond Edwin Mabus". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  187. ^ "Gov. Mabus sworn in". Clarion-Ledger. 1988-01-13. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  188. ^ "Daniel Kirkwood Fordice". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  189. ^ "Clipped From Clarion-Ledger". Clarion-Ledger. 1992-01-15. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  190. ^ "David Ronald "Ronnie" Musgrove". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  191. ^ "Musgrove sets goals high". Clarion-Ledger. 2000-01-12. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  192. ^ "Lt. Governor Amy Tuck Switches to GOP". WLBT. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
  193. ^ "Haley Barbour". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  194. ^ "Barbour: jobs top priority". Clarion-Ledger. 2004-01-14. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  195. ^ "Phil Bryant". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  196. ^ "Phil Bryant takes oath as Mississippi's 64th governor". Associated Press. 2012-01-10. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  197. ^ "Tate Reeves". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  198. ^ Ramseth, Luke; Bologna, Giacomo. "New governor Reeves promises: 'For. All. Mississippi.' will be motto". Retrieved 2023-03-20.
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