India

भारत गणराज्य ((hi))
Bhārat Ganarājya hi
Republic of India en
Repoblikan' India ((mg))
(Antsipirihany) (Antsipirihany)
Teny filamatra : सत्यमेव जयते (Satyamēva Jayatē) (avy amin'ny Sanskrity : Ny Marina ihany no izy)
Teny ofisialy	fiteny hindi, fiteny anglisy, ary fiteny hafa miisa 21 1
Renivohitra	New Delhi 28° 34' N, 77° 07' E
Tanàna ngeza indrindra	Mombay
Fitondrana sy governemanta  - Filoham-pirenena  - Praiminisitra	Repoblika federaly Ram Nath Kovind Narendra Modi
Velarantany  - Tontaliny  - Rano (%)	faha 7 3 287 590 km² 9,5 %
Isam-ponina  - Tontaliny (2008)  - hakitroka	faha 2 1 147 995 898 mpo. 349 mpo./km² {{{1}}}
Anaran'ny mponina	Indianina
IDH (2006)	Mihakatra 0,611 (anelanelany) faha 126
Sandam-bola	Ropia (INR)
Faritr'ora	UTC + 5,30
Hiram-pirenena	Jana-Gana-Mana
Valan-tsehatra internet
Antso an-tariby	+91

I India dia firenena ao Azia Atsimo, i New Delhi no renivohiny ary i Bombay no tana-dehibe be mponina indrindra ao.

Ny anaram-pirenena hoe India dia avy amin' ny fiteny persana hoe Sindhu, anarana persana amin' ny fiteny sanskrity, ny renirano Indus. Ny anarana ôfisialy dia mampiasa ny teny Bharat (mpanjaka hindoa niaina taona taloha). Ny anarany fahatelo: Hindustan ("tanin' ny Hindoa" amin' ny fiteny persana), dia niasa tamin' ny taonan' ny Empira Môgôly, ilay teny Hindustan dia tsy ôfisialy intsony ankehitriny fa ampiasaina matetika rehefa miresaka an' i India.

I India no firenena be olona indrindra eo aorian' i Sina. Misy fiteny ôfisialy roapolo mahery eken' ny lalàm-panorenan' i India. Ny tenim-pirenena dia ny fiteny hindy.

Mivelatra amin' ny halavana 7 000 km i India. Mizara sisintany amin' i Pakistàna izy any andrefana, sy i Sina, i Nepaly, i Botàna izy any avaratra. I Bangladesa sy i Mianmara any atsinanana. Eo amin' ny Ranomasimbe Indianina, tsy lavitry ny Repoblikan' i Maldiva (any atsimo-andrefana), i Seilàna (any atsimo-atsinanana). Mizara sisintany amin' i Afganistàna koa i India any avaratra-atsinanany.

Teo amin' ny tanin' i India no misy ny haifomba antitra indrindra eto an-tany. Misy fivavahana teraka teo amin' io kôntinenta io, toy ny bodisma, ny jainisma, ny hindoisma ary ny sikisma.

Mandritra ny taonjato roa, i India dia zanatany anglisy; izy no zanatany ngeza indrindra an' ny Britanika. Nahazo ny fahaleovan-tenany i India tamin' ny taona 1947. Tamin' io fotoana io, nisy ny tobim-barotra (kôntoara) frantsay sy pôrtogey tao India, naverina ho an' i India ireo kôntoara ireo taorian' ny fahazoany ny fahaleovan-tena.

Nihanivoatra be i India tamin' ny dimy ambin' ny folo taona farany teo, indrindra tamin' ny fanombohana ny fiovana demôgrafika nisy hatry ny taona 1991. Tamin' ny 22 Janoary 2007, niverina avy tany amin' ny habakabaka ny kapsily indianina tsy misy olona afaka 12 andro, izay nametraka marika siantifika sy teknika lehibe ho an' i India. Hatry ny taona 2008 anisan' ny hery ara-piharian-karena lehibe eto an-tany i India, akaikin' i Sina, i Rosia ary i Brezily; ary i India no hery ara-piharian-karena fahavalo eto an-tany.

Tantara

Nipoitra tao India ny fiteny klasika roa (fiteny sanskrity sy fiteny tamily) misy eto amin' izao tontolo izao. Efa nampiasaina mandritry ny telo arivo taona ireo fiteny roa ireo. Namorona finoana antsoina hoe hindoisma ilay firenena, finoana izay mbola arahan' ny maro amin' izy ireo amin' izao fotoana izao. Tamin' ny taona 300 tal. J.K., dia namorona ny empira sy ny Fiankohonana Maurya i Ashoka, izay nahavory ny ankamaroan' ny tanin' i Azia Atsimo ho anaty firenena iray. Tamin' ny taona 180 tal. J.K. dia voatafiky ny firenena maro samihafa i India na dia taty aoriana aza (100 – 1100), dia nipoitra ireo fiankohonana indianina hafa: izay ahitana ny Chalukya, ny Chola, ny Pallava ary ny Pandya. Tamin' izany fotoana izany dia nalaza tamin' ny siansa sy ny zavakanto ary ny asa soratra ny faritra atsimo ao India.

Maro ireo fiankohonana nanjaka tao India nandritry ny taona arivo. Anisan' ireo ny Empira Mogaly, ny Empira Vijayanagara ary ny Empira Maratha. Tamin' ny taona 1600 dia notafihan' ny firenena eorôpeana i India, ary voazanaky ny Britanika tanteraka izy io nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1856 hatramin' ny taona 1947.

Taorian' ny taona 1947, i India dia nanana toekarena sôsialista voalahatra. Anisan' ny firenena mpikambana nanorina ny hetsiky ny firenena tsy momba ny atsy na ny aroa ary ny Firenena Mikambana i India. Niatrika ady maro izy io taorian' ny fahaleovan-tenany tamin' ny Fanjakana Mikambana, anisan' izany ny ady tamin' ny taona 1957-58, 1965, 1971 ary 1999 tamin' i Pakistàna ary ny adin' ny 1962 tamin' i Sina. Niady ihany koa izy io mba haka an' i Goa, izay seranana natsangan' ny Pôrtogey, ary tsy azon' i India raha tsy tamin' ny taona 1961. Nandà ny Pôrtogey ka voatery naka azy an-keriny ny Indiana. Nanao fanandramana nokleary ihany koa i India tamin' ny taona 1974 sy 1998, ary anisan' ny firenena vitsy manana fitaovam-piadiana nokleary. Anisan' ireo toekarena mitombo haingana indrindra eto an-tany ny toekaren' i India nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1991.

Pôlitika

National symbols of the Republic of India (Official)

National animal
National bird
National tree
National flower
National heritage animal
National aquatic marine mammal
National reptile
National heritage mammal
National fruit
National temple
National river
National mountain

Jeôgrafia

An' i India ny ampahany be amin' ny Zana-Kôntinenta Indianina. Miraikitra amin' i Aostralia ilay zana-kôntintenta amin' ny resaka plaky: ny plaky Indô-Aostralianina. Mikasika kely ny tendrombohitra Himalaya ny avaratr' i India. Eo antsimon' i Himalaya dia misy saha tena mahavokatra indrindra any India: ny tany Indô-Ganjetìka no anaran' izy io. Any andrefana, misy ny tanimatin' i Thar. Any antsimo, dia misy lembalemba voafaritra any avarany amin' ny Gaty Andrefana sy any antsinanany amin' ny Gaty Antsinanana.

Fizaràn' ny faritany

Anarana	Renivohitra	Teny ofisialy	Velarantany (km²)	Isam-ponina (2001)	Natsangana tamin'ny
Andhra Pradesh	Hyderabad	Telogo	276 754	76 210 007	1956
Arunachal Pradesh	Itanagar	Hindy	83 578	1 097 968	1987
Assam	Dispur	Asamey	78 438	26 655 528	1947
Bengala Andrefana	Kolkata	Bengaly	88 752	80 176 197	1960
Bihar	Patna	Hindy	94 163	82 998 509	1947
Chhattisgarh	Raipur	Hindy	135 133	20 833 803	2000
Goa	Panaji	Kônkany	3 702	1 347 668	1987
Gujarat	Gandhinagar	Gujarati	196 024	50 671 017	1960
Haryana	Chandigarh	Hindy	44 212	21 144 564	1966
Himachal Pradesh	Shimla	Hindy	55 673	6 077 900	1971
Jammu-sy-Kasimira	Srinagar	Kasmiry, ordo	222 236	10 143 700	1947
Jharkhand	Ranchi	Hindy	79 714	26 945 829	2000
Karnataka	Bangalore	Kanada	191 791	52 850 562	1956
Kerala	Trivandrum	Malaialama	38 863	31 841 374	1956
Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal	Hindy	308 000	60 348 023	1956
Maharashtra	Mumbai	Maraty	308 000	96 878 627	1960
Manipur	Imphal	manipory	22 356	2 166 788	1972
Meghalaya	Shillong	Garô, kasy, anglisy	22 489	2 318 822	1972
Mizoram	Aizawl	Mizo, anglisy	21 087	888 573	1987
Nagaland	Kohima	Anglisy	16 527	1 990 036	1963
Orissa	Bhubaneswar	Ôria	155 842	36 804 660	1949
Penjab	Chandigarh	Penjaby	50 362	24 358 999	1956
Rajasthan	Jaipur	Hindy	342 239	56 507 188	1956
Sikkim	Gangtok	Nepaley	7 107	540 851	1975
Tamil Nadu	Chennai	Tamily	130 058	62 405 679	1956
Tripura	Agartala	Bengaly	10 477	3 199 203	1972
Uttarakhand	Dehradun	Hindy	53 483	8 489 349	2000
Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow	Hindy	236 286	166 197 921	1950

Fiteny any India

Ny fiteny any India dia maro dia maro sady ao amin' ny fianakaviam-piteny maro samihafa. Ny fanisana natao tamin' ny taona 2011 dia nahitana fiteny miisa 270, ka ny 122 dia fiteny lehibe (be mpampiasa). Ny lalàm-panorenana indiana dia manao ny 22 amin' ireo fiteny ireo ho fiteny ôfisialy. Ny 77 %n' ny vahoaka indiana dia miteny fiteny indô-ariana (ka ny be mpiteny indrindra dia ny fiteny hindy izay fiteny nibeazan' ny olona miisa 422 tapitrisa, izany hoe 41 %n' ny mponina, sady fiteny ôfisialin' ny governemanta afovoany), ny 20 %n' ny mponina no miteny amin' ireo fiteny dravidiana. Ny fianakaviam-piteny hafa hita ao India dia ny aostrôaziatika, ny sinô-tibetana ary ny tai-kaday. Ny fiteny anglisy dia fiteny voalohany na faharoa safidin' ny 12 %n' ny mponina.

Ireo fiteny indô-ariana

Ny fiteny indô-ariana dia sampana iray ao amin' ireo fiteny indô-iraniana, izay ao anatin' ny fianakaviam-piteny indô-eorôpeana. Ao Azia Atsimo no tena ahitana olona maro miteny azy ireo, isan' izany ny ao India.

Fiteny indô-ariana be mpiteny indrindra

Ny fiteny hindỳ dia tenim-pirenen' i India. Misy 480 tapitrisa eo ho eo ny isan' ny olona miteny azy, 360 tapitrisa amin' ireo no manana ny fiteny hindỳ ho tenin-dreny. Amin' ny tapany avaratra amin' i India no misy ny ankabeazan' ny mpiteny hindỳ. Ny fiteny ordò dia mitovitovy amin' ny fiteny hindy.

Ny fiteny bengaly dia fiteny tenenina indrindra any India atsinanana, nefa tenenina koa any Bangladesy, anisan' ny teny ôfisialin' i India, indrindra any amin' ny faritan' i Bengal Andrefana sy any Tripura.

Ny fiteny maraty dia fitenin' ny olona miisa 75 tapitrisa any ho any India, indrindra ao amin' ny fanjakan' i Maharashtra sy Goa. Ny fiteny maraty dia iray amin' ireo fiteny ôfisialy any India.

Fiteny indô-ariana hafa

Anisan' ireo fiteny indô-ariana be mpapiasa ao India koa ny fiteny gojaraty sy ny fiteny ôdià (na ôrià) ary ny fiteny penjaby. Ny fiteny gojaraty no fiten' ny tompontanin' i Gujarat, izay ampiasain' ny olona miisa 46 tapitrisa any India sy maneran-tany.

Ireo fiteny dravidiana

Ny fiteny dravidiana dia fianakaviam-piteny ahitana fiteny miisa 30 any ho any izay samy avy ao India avokoa, ka tenenina indrindra ao atsimon' i India. Ny tena be mpampiasa dia ny fiteny telogo, ny fiteny tamily, ny fiteny malaialama ary ny fiteny kanada.

Fiteny dravidiana be mpiteny indrindra

Ny fiteny telogo dia fiten' ny olona miisa 70 tapitrisa any ho any, tenenina indrindra any amin' ny faritra Andhra Pradesh, izay manao azy ho fiteny ôfisialy io. Fiteny ôfisialy ihany koa izy any amin' ny faritra Karnataka sy Maharashtra ary any Orissa.

Ny fiteny tamily dia fiteny ôfisialin' i Tamil Nadu sy ny tananan' i Pondichery ary Karîkâl.

Fiteny dravidiana hafa

Anisan' ny fiteny dravidiana be mpiteny koa ny fiteny kanada sy ny fiteny malaialama. Ny fiteny kanada dia fiteny any amin' ny tapany atsimon' i India, fiteny ôfisialin' i Karnataka, ampiasain' ny olona miisa 45 tapitrisa any ho any. Ny fiteny malaialama dia anisan' ny fiteny tenenina any amin' ny tapany atsimon' i India koa, fiteny ôfisialin' ny faritany mizakatenan' i Kerala, fiteny ôfisialy ao amin' ny faritan' i Lakshadweep sy any Pondicherry, fiteny ôfisialin' i India ihany koa, izay misy mpiteny miisa 35,9 tapitrisa any ho any.

Ireo fianakaviam-piteny sy vondrom-piteny hafa

Fiteny aostrôaziatika

Ny fiteny aostrôaziatika dia fianakaviam-piteny any Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana sy ao amin' ny faritra atsina any India. Heverina ho fitenin' ny tompon-tany ao Azia Atsimo Atsinanana sy any atsinana any India ireo fiteny ireo. Miisa 10 tapitrisa ny mpiteny aostrôaziatika any India, 6 tapitrisa ny mpiteny sinô-tibetàna, izany hoe 3 %n' ny mponina. Anisan' ny fiteny aostrôneziana ny fiteny kasy (khasi) sy ny fiteny monda (munda) ary ny fiteny santaly (santali). Anisan' ireo fiteny ao amin' ireo nosy Nicobar. Ankoatry ny fiteny kasy sy ny fiteny santaly dia fiteny tandindomin-doza ny fiteny aostrôaziatika ao India.

Fiteny sinô-tibetana

Ny fiteny sinô-tibetana dia fianakaviam-piteny any Azia Atsinanana sy Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana sy Azia Afovoany ary Azia Atsimo, izay misy mpiteny koa any India.

Fiteny tai-kaday

Ny fiteny tai-kaday dia fianakaviam-piteny tenenina ao amin' ny saikanosin' i Indôsina sy any amin' ny faritra atsimo ao Sina, izay misy mpiteny koa any India.

Fiteny andamaney

Ny fiteny any Andamàna dia vondrom-piteny ao amin' ny nosy Andamàna tenenin' ny tompon-tany andamaney. Misy vondrona roa ao amin' izany fianakaviam-piteny izany, dia ny fiteny andamaney lehibe sy ny fiteny andamaney avaratra.

Jereo koa

• Firenena ao Azia: Afganistàna - Arabia Saodita - Armenia - Azerbaijàna - Bangladesy - Bareina - Botàna - Broney - Emirata Arabo Mitambatra - Filipina - Iemena - India - Indônezia - Iràka - Iràna - Israely - Japàna - Jôrdania - Kambôdia - Katara - Kazakstàna - Kirgizistàna - Kôety - Kôrea Atsimo - Kôrea Avaratra - Laôsy - Libàna - Maldiva - Malezia - Mianmara - Môngôlia - Nepaly - Ômàna - Ozbekistàna - Pakistàna - Palestina (fanjakana) - Rosia - Sina - Singaporo - Siria - Srilanka - Tailandy - Taioàna - Tajikistàna - Torkia - Torkmenistàna - Vietnamy.
• Foko any India: Fananan'ny Kasimiry firazanana jiosy - Jiosin' i Malabar - Bene Israely -Bene Efraima - Knanaia - Bano Israily - Bney Menase -
• Fiteny any India

• Kôntinenta eto an-tany

• Afrika
• Amerika (Amerika Avaratra - Amerika Atsimo)
• Azia
• Eorôpa
• Ôseania
• Antarktika

Topi-maso

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Etimôlôjia

• Hindustan, Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved 17 July 2011 
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Tantara

• Asher, C. B.; Talbot, C (1 January 2008), India Before Europe (1st ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-51750-8 
• Bose, S.; Jalal, A. (11 March 2011), Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy (3rd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-77942-5 
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• Metcalf, B.; Metcalf, T. R. (9 October 2006), A Concise History of Modern India (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-68225-1 
• Peers, D. M. (3 August 2006), India under Colonial Rule 1700–1885 (1st ed.), Pearson Longman, ISBN 978-0-582-31738-3 
• Petraglia, Michael D.; Allchin, Bridget (2007), "Human evolution and culture change in the Indian subcontinent", in Michael Petraglia, Bridget Allchin, The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics, Springer, ISBN 978-1-4020-5562-1 
• Possehl, G. (January 2003), The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Rowman Altamira, ISBN 978-0-7591-0172-2 
• Robb, P. (2001), A History of India, London: Palgrave, ISBN 978-0-333-69129-8 
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• Singh, U. (2009), A History of Ancient and Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, Delhi: Longman, ISBN 978-81-317-1677-9 
• Sripati, V. (1998), "Toward Fifty Years of Constitutionalism and Fundamental Rights in India: Looking Back to See Ahead (1950–2000)", American University International Law Review 14 (2): 413–496 
• Stein, B. (16 June 1998), A History of India (1st ed.), Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-0-631-20546-3 
• Stein, B. (27 April 2010), Arnold, D., ed., A History of India (2nd ed.), Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-1-4051-9509-6 
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• Witzel, Michael (2003), "Vedas and Upanișads", in Gavin D. Flood, The Blackwell companion to Hinduism, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-631-21535-6, retrieved 15 March 2012 
• Wolpert, S. (25 December 2003), A New History of India (7th ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-516678-1 

Jeografia

• Ali, J. R.; Aitchison, J. C. (2005), "Greater India", Earth-Science Reviews 72 (3–4): 170–173, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.005 
• Chang, J. H. (1967), "The Indian Summer Monsoon", Geographical Review 57 (3): 373–396, doi:10.2307/212640 
• Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 with Amendments Made in 1988 (PDF), Department of Environment and Forests, Government of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 1988, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21, retrieved 25 July 2011 
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Fahasamihafan-javamiaina

• Ali, S.; Ripley, S. D.; Dick, J. H. (15 August 1996), A Pictorial Guide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent (2nd ed.), Mumbai: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-563732-8 
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• (2013) “Forest Cover”, State of Forest Report 2013. Dehradun: Forest Survey of India.
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Politika

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