Felinae

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Not to be confused with FÉLIN, Félines, or Felidae.

Felinae[1]
Temporal range: Miocene–Holocene, 9–0 Ma
Felinae diversity.jpg
Clockwise, an ocelot, a wild cat, a cougar and a cheetah
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Subfamily: Felinae
Fischer von Waldheim, 1817
Type genus
Felis
Genera

see Taxonomy

Felinae range.png
Native ranges of Felinae

The Felinae are a subfamily of the family Felidae. This subfamily comprises the small cats having a bony hyoid, because of which they are able to purr but not roar.[2]

Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily: as comprising only the living conical-toothed cat genera with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini; thus excluding all fossil cat species.[3][4]

Characteristics[edit]

The members of the Felinae have retractile claws that are protected by at least one cutaneous lobe. Their larynx is kept close to the base of the skull by an ossified hyoid.[5] They can purr owing to the vocal folds being shorter than 6 mm (0.24 in).[6][7] The cheetah Acinonyx does not have cutaneous sheaths for guarding claws.[8]

Taxonomy[edit]

The term 'Felini' was first used in 1817 by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim, at the time for all the cat species that had been proposed as belonging to the genus Felis.[9] In 1917, Reginald Innes Pocock also subordinated the following genera to the Felinae that had been proposed in the course of the 19th century: Lynx, Puma, Leptailurus, Prionailurus, Pardofelis, Leopardus, Herpailurus, Neofelis and four more.[5]

The Felinae and Pantherinae probably diverged about 11.5 million years ago. The genera within the Felinae diverged between 10.67 and 4.23 million years ago.[10][11]

Today, the following living genera and species are recognised as belonging to the Felinae:[2]

Genus Species Image of type species Range
Acinonyx Brookes, 1828[12] Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) on the road.jpg Africa and Southwestern Asia
Caracal Gray, 1843[14] Caracl (01), Paris, décembre 2013.jpg Africa and Southwestern Asia
Catopuma Severtzov, 1858[17] Asian golden cat at Edinburgh Zoo.jpg Southeastern Asia
Felis Linnaeus, 1758[20] Jammlich crop.jpg
Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858[17] Puma yagouaroundi.jpg Central and Southern America
Leopardus Gray, 1842[28] Ocelot (Jaguatirica) Zoo Itatiba.jpg Central and Southern America
Leptailurus Severtzov, 1858[17] Leptailurus serval -Serengeti National Park, Tanzania-8.jpg Africa
Lynx Kerr, 1792[37] Lynx.lynx-ZOO.Olomouc1.jpg Northern Hemisphere
Otocolobus Brandt, 1842[41] Manoel.jpg Central Asia
Pardofelis Severtzov, 1858[17] Marbled cat borneo.jpg Southeastern Asia
Prionailurus Severtzov, 1858[17] Close-up of a Leopard Cat in Sundarban.jpg Southeastern and Eastern Asia
Puma Jardine 1834[48] Cougar sitting.jpg Americas

Extinct taxa[edit]

Genus Species Image
Felis Felis lunensis
Acinonyx

Head appearance of Acinonyx pardinensis.jpg

Lynx
Puma

De vroeg-pleistocene sabeltandkat, Homotherium crenatidens (2008) Puma pardoides.png

Leopardus L. vorohuensis
Asilifelis Werdelin, 2011[52] A. coteae
Katifelis Adrian, Werdelin & Grossman, 2018[53] K. nightingalei
Leptofelis Salesa et al., 2017 L. vallesiensis
Miracinonyx Adams, 1979[54]
  • M. inexpectatus
  • M. trumani
 Miracinonyx inexpectatus.jpg
Pratifelis Hibbard, 1934 P. martini
Pristifelis Salesa et al., 2012 P. attica
Sivapanthera Kretzoi, 1929[55]
  • S. arvernensis
  • S. brachygnathus
  • S. linxiaensis
  • S. padhriensis
  • S. pleistocaenicus
  • S. potens

Phylogeny[edit]

The phylogenetic relationships of Felinae are shown in the following cladogram:[56]

 Felinae 
Bay cat lineage
 Catopuma 

Catopuma badia (Bay cat)

Catopuma temminckii (Asian golden cat)

 Pardofelis 

Pardofelis marmorata (Marbled cat) Pardofelis marmorata (white background).png

Caracal lineage
 Caracal 

Caracal caracal (Caracal) Felis caracal - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(White Background).jpg

Caracal aurata (African golden cat)

 Leptailurus 

Leptailurus serval (Serval) Felis serval - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg

Ocelot lineage
 Leopardus 

Leopardus geoffroyi (Geoffroy's cat)

Leopardus guttulus (Southern tiger cat)

Leopardus guigna (Kodkod)

Leopardus tigrinus (Oncilla)

Leopardus colocolo (Pampas cat)

Leopardus jacobita (Andean mountain cat)

Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot) Felis pardalis - 1834 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(White Background).jpg

Leopardus wiedii (Margay)

†Leopardus vorohuensis

Lynx lineage
 Lynx 

Lynx lynx (Eurasian lynx) Евразийская рысь.png

Lynx pardinus (Iberian lynx)

Lynx canadensis (Canada lynx)

Lynx rufus (Bobcat)

†Lynx issiodorensis (Issoire lynx)

†Lynx rexroadensis

†Lynx thomasi

Puma lineage
 Acinonyx 

Acinonyx jubatus (Cheetah) Acinonyx jubatus (white background).jpg

†Acinonyx pardinensis (Giant cheetah)

†Acinonyx aicha

†Acinonyx intermedius

 †Sivapanthera 

†Sivapanthera brachygnathus

†Sivapanthera pleistocaenicus

†Sivapanthera potens

†Sivapanthera linxiaensis

†Sivapanthera padhriensis

†Sivapanthera arvernensis

 Herpailurus 

Herpailurus yagouaroundi (Jaguarundi) Lydekker - Eyra White background.jpg

 †Miracinonyx 

†Miracinonyx inexpectatus

†Miracinonyx trumani

 Puma 

†Puma pardoides (Eurasian puma) De vroeg-pleistocene sabeltandkat, Homotherium crenatidens (2008) Puma pardoides.png

†Puma pumoides

Puma concolor (Cougar) Felis concolor - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg

Leopard cat lineage
 Prionailurus 

Prionailurus javanensis (Sunda leopard cat)

Prionailurus viverrinus (Fishing cat)

Prionailurus bengalensis (Leopard cat) Felis torquata - 1834 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg

Prionailurus planiceps (Flat-headed cat)

Prionailurus rubiginosus (Rusty-spotted cat)

 Otocolobus 

Otocolobus manul (Pallas's cat)

 †Pristifelis 

†Pristifelis attica

 Felis 

Felis chaus (Jungle cat) Felis chaus - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(White Background).jpg

Felis nigripes (Black-footed cat)

Felis margarita (Sand cat)

†Felis lunensis (Martelli's cat)

Felis silvestris (European wildcat) Anatomie descriptive et comparative du chat (1845) Pl-I (white background & colourised).jpg

Felis bieti (Chinese mountain cat)

Felis lybica (African wildcat) Felis caligata - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg

Felis catus (Cat) Felis obscura - 1834 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - (white background).jpg

Domestic cat lineage    

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  56. ^ Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-0-19-923445-5.

External links[edit]

  • Media related to Felinae at Wikimedia Commons
  • Data related to Felinae at Wikispecies
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