Flagstone

Any large, flat stone used for paving and patios.

Footing

The concrete foundation upon which walls are built.

Foul drainage

Underground pipework that carries waste water from toilets, baths, sinks, washing machines, dishwashers and showers.

Foundations

The load-bearing part of a building constructed beneath the ground.

Groundworker

A tradesperson who prepares the construction site for a building, dealing with clearing the ground, laying the foundation and installing drainage.

Hard base

A temporary floor laid to the building to facilitate the delivery of materials.

Hardcore

A mix of stones, broken bricks, rubble and other material used as a filling in foundations or under hardstanding.

Manhole

A covered opening in paving that allows access beneath.

Soakaway

A purpose-built hole into which surface water can drain. Sometimes filled simply with rubble and covered, they can also contain specially made units for increased efficiency.

Spoil

Waste material produced during excavations.

Subsidence

The sinking of the ground.

Subsoil

The layer of soil beneath the topsoil, which typically contains less organic matter.

Surface water drainage

When rain water falls on a property and drains away.

Topsoil

The uppermost layer of soil, typical around two to eight inches deep.

Trench

A ditch dug for either the laying of pipes, cables or foundations.

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