Timeline of Solar System exploration
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![]() | This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. (April 2019) |
This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordered by date of spacecraft launch. It includes:
- All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes.
- A small number of pioneering or notable Earth-orbiting craft.[vague]
It does not include:
- Centuries of terrestrial telescopic observation.
- The great majority of Earth-orbiting satellites.
- Space probes leaving Earth orbit that are not concerned with Solar System exploration (such as space telescopes targeted at distant galaxies, cosmic background radiation observatories, and so on).
- Probes that failed at launch.
The dates listed are launch dates, but the achievements noted may have occurred some time later—in some cases, a considerable time later (for example, Voyager 2, launched 20 August 1977, did not reach Neptune until 1989).
1950s[edit]
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sputnik_asm.jpg/240px-Sputnik_asm.jpg)
Sputnik 1 – First Earth orbiter
Mission name | Launch date | Description | Ref(s) |
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4 October 1957 | First Earth orbiter | [1][2] |
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3 November 1957 | Earth orbiter, first animal in orbit, a dog named Laika | [2][3][4] |
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1 February 1958 | Earth orbiter; discovered Van Allen radiation belts | [5] |
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17 March 1958 | Earth orbiter; oldest spacecraft still in Earth orbit | [6] |
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2 January 1959 | First lunar flyby (attempted lunar impact?); first artificial satellite in heliocentric orbit. | [7][8][9][10] |
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3 March 1959 | Lunar flyby | [11][12] |
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12 September 1959 | First lunar impact, First artificial object on Moon | [10][13] |
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4 October 1959 | Lunar flyby; First images of another celestial body taken from space, most notably, the far side of Moon | [10][14] |
1960s[edit]
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Vostok_spacecraft.jpg/240px-Vostok_spacecraft.jpg)
Vostok 1 – First crewed Earth orbiter
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mariner_2.jpg/240px-Mariner_2.jpg)
Mariner 2 – First successful Venus flyby
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mariner_3_and_4.jpg/240px-Mariner_3_and_4.jpg)
Mariner 4 – First successful Mars flyby
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Luna-9-1.jpg/240px-Luna-9-1.jpg)
Luna 9 – First lunar lander
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Zond_L1_drawing.png/240px-Zond_L1_drawing.png)
Zond 5 – First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first terrestrials to circle the Moon
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ap8-S68-56310.jpg/220px-Ap8-S68-56310.jpg)
Apollo 8 – First crewed lunar orbiter
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aldrin_Looks_Back_at_Tranquility_Base_-_GPN-2000-001102.jpg/240px-Aldrin_Looks_Back_at_Tranquility_Base_-_GPN-2000-001102.jpg)
Apollo 11 – First crewed lunar landing
Mission name | Launch date | Description | Ref(s) |
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11 March 1960 | Interplanetary space investigations | [15][16] |
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12 February 1961 | First probe to another planet; Venus flyby (contact lost before flyby) | [17][18][19] |
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12 April 1961 | First crewed Earth orbiter (Yuri Gagarin) | [20][21] |
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23 August 1961 | Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit) | [22][23][24] |
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18 November 1961 | Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit) | [24][25][26] |
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26 January 1962 | Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon) | [24][27][28] |
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23 April 1962 | Lunar impact (but unintentionally became the first spacecraft to hit the lunar farside and returned no data) | [24][29][30][31] |
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27 August 1962 | First successful planetary encounter, First successful Venus flyby | [32][33][34] |
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18 October 1962 | Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon) | [24][35][36] |
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1 November 1962 | First probe to Mars: flyby (contact lost) | [37][38] |
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2 April 1963 | Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon) | [39][40] |
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11 November 1963 | Attempted Venera test flight? | [41] |
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30 January 1964 | Lunar impact (cameras failed) | [42][43] |
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2 April 1964 | Venus flyby (contact lost) | [44][45][46] |
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28 July 1964 | Lunar impact (success) | [47][48][49] |
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12 October 1964 | First orbiter with multimember crew | [50][51] |
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5 November 1964 | Attempted Mars flyby (failed to attain correct trajectory) | [52][53] |
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28 November 1964 | First successful Mars flyby | [54][55] |
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30 November 1964 | Mars flyby (contact lost) | [46][56][57] |
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17 February 1965 | Lunar impact | [58][59] |
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18 March 1965 | First space walk, by Alexei Leonov | [51][60] |
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21 March 1965 | Lunar impact | [61][62] |
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6 May 1965 | Oldest spacecraft still in use[citation needed] | [63] |
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9 May 1965 | Lunar impact (attempted soft landing) | [64] |
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8 June 1965 | Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon) | [65] |
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18 July 1965 | Lunar flyby | [46][66][67] |
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4 October 1965 | Lunar impact (attempted soft landing) | [68] |
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12 November 1965 | Venus flyby (contact lost) | [69][18] |
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16 November 1965 | Venus lander (contact lost) – First spacecraft to reach another planet's surface, First Venus impact | [70][18] |
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3 December 1965 | Lunar impact (attempted soft landing?) | [71] |
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16 December 1965 | "Space weather" observations | [72][73][74][75] |
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31 January 1966 | First lunar lander | [10][76] |
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31 March 1966 | First lunar orbiter | [77] |
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30 May 1966 | Lunar lander | [78][79][80] |
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1 July 1966 | Attempted lunar orbiter (failed to attain lunar orbit) | [81][82] |
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10 August 1966 | Lunar orbiter | [83][84][85] |
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17 August 1966 | "Space weather" observations | [75][86][87] |
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24 August 1966 | Lunar orbiter | [88] |
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20 September 1966 | Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon) | [89][90] |
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22 October 1966 | Lunar orbiter | [91] |
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6 November 1966 | Lunar orbiter | [92][93] |
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21 December 1966 | Lunar lander | [94] |
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5 February 1967 | Lunar orbiter | [95][96] |
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17 April 1967 | Lunar lander | [97][98] |
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4 May 1967 | Lunar orbiter | [99][100] |
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12 June 1967 | First Venus atmospheric probe | [18][101] |
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14 June 1967 | Venus flyby | [102][103] |
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14 July 1967 | Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon) | [104][105] |
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19 July 1967 | Lunar orbiter | [106] |
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1 August 1967 | Lunar orbiter | [85][107][108] |
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8 September 1967 | Lunar lander | [109][110] |
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7 November 1967 | Lunar lander, first lift-off from an extraterrestrial body | [79][111][112] |
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9 November 1967 | Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (uncrewed) | [113] |
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13 December 1967 | "Space weather" observations | [75][114][115] |
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7 January 1968 | Lunar lander | [116][117] |
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22 January 1968 | Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (uncrewed) | [118][119] |
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2 March 1968 | Lunar programme test flight out of Earth orbit (uncrewed) | [46][120][121][122] |
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7 April 1968 | Lunar orbiter | [123] |
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14 September 1968 | First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first life forms to circle the Moon | [46][124][125][126][127] |
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11 October 1968 | Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (crewed) | [128][129] |
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8 November 1968 | "Space weather" observations | [75][130][131] |
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10 November 1968 | Lunar flyby and return to Earth | [46][132][133] |
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21 December 1968 | First crewed spacecraft to leave Earth orbit, first crewed lunar orbiter | [129][134][135] |
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5 January 1969 | Venus atmospheric probe | [18][136] |
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10 January 1969 | Venus atmospheric probe | [18][137] |
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25 February 1969 | Mars flyby | [138][139] |
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3 March 1969 | Crewed lunar lander (LEM) flight test in Earth orbit | [129][140] |
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27 March 1969 | Mars flyby | [141][142] |
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18 May 1969 | Crewed lunar orbiter | [129][143][144] |
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13 July 1969 | Second attempted lunar sample return | [145][146] |
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16 July 1969 | First crewed lunar landing and first successful sample return mission | [147][148][149][150][151] |
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7 August 1969 | Lunar flyby and return to Earth | [46][152][153] |
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14 November 1969 | Crewed lunar landing | [154][155][156] |
1970s[edit]
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mars3_lander_vsm.jpg/220px-Mars3_lander_vsm.jpg)
Mars 3 – First Mars lander
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pioneer_10_at_Jupiter.jpg/220px-Pioneer_10_at_Jupiter.jpg)
Pioneer 10 – First Jupiter flyby
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Mariner_10.jpg/220px-Mariner_10.jpg)
Mariner 10 – First Mercury flyby
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Voyager_spacecraft.jpg/220px-Voyager_spacecraft.jpg)
Voyager 2 – First Uranus/first Neptune flyby
Mission name | Launch date | Description | Ref(s) |
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11 April 1970 | Crewed lunar flyby and return to Earth (crewed lunar landing aborted). Farthest from Earth a human has gone (401,056 km) | [157][158][159][160] |
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17 August 1970 | First Venus lander and the first spacecraft to land on another planet | [18][161][162] |
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12 September 1970 | First robotic lunar sample return | [10][163] |
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20 October 1970 | Lunar flyby and return to Earth | [46][164][165] |
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10 November 1970 | First remote controlled rover | [10][166] |
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31 January 1971 | Crewed lunar landing | [167][168][169] |
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19 April 1971 | First space station | [170][171] |
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19 May 1971 | First Mars impact, Mars orbiter and attempted lander; First rover on Martian surface (Prop-M unsuccessful) | [172][173][174][175][176] |
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28 May 1971 | Mars orbiter, First Mars lander (lost contact after 14.5s) | [177][178][179][180][181] |
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30 May 1971 | First Mars orbiter | [182][183] |
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26 July 1971 | Crewed lunar landing; First crewed lunar rover | [129][184][185][186] |
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2 September 1971 | Attempted lunar sample return (crashed into Moon) | [187][188] |
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28 September 1971 | Lunar orbiter | [189] |
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14 February 1972 | Lunar robotic sample return | [190] |
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3 March 1972 | First Jupiter flyby | [191][192][74] |
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27 March 1972 | Venus lander | [18][193][194] |
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16 April 1972 | Crewed lunar landing | [195][196][197] |
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7 December 1972 | Last crewed lunar landing | [198][199][200][201] |
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8 January 1973 | Lunar rover | [202] |
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5 April 1973 | Jupiter flyby and First Saturn flyby | [74][203][204] |
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10 June 1973 | Lunar orbiter/radio astronomy | [205][206] |
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21 July 1973 | Mars flyby (attempted Mars orbiter) | [207][208] |
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25 July 1973 | Mars orbiter | [209][210] |
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5 August 1973 | Mars flyby and attempted lander (failed due to damage on Mars landing) | [211][212] |
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9 August 1973 | Mars flyby and attempted lander (missed Mars) | [213][214] |
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3 November 1973 | Lunar and Venus flybys in addition to the First Mercury flyby | [215][216][217][218] |
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29 May 1974 | Lunar orbiter | [10][219] |
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28 October 1974 | Attempted lunar sample return (failed due to damage on lunar landing) | [220] |
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10 December 1974 | Solar observations | [221][222] |
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8 June 1975 | First Venus orbiter and lander; First images from surface of Venus | [18][223][224][225] |
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14 June 1975 | Venus orbiter and lander | [18][226][227][228] |
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20 August 1975 | Mars orbiter and lander; First clear pictures from Martian surface | [229][230][231][232] |
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9 September 1975 | Mars orbiter and lander | [232][233][234][235] |
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15 January 1976 | Solar observations | [236][237] |
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9 August 1976 | Lunar robotic sample return | [10][238] |
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20 August 1977 | Jupiter/Saturn/first Uranus/first Neptune flyby | [239][240][241] |
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5 September 1977 | Jupiter/Saturn flyby, first to exit the heliosphere | [241][242][243] |
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20 May 1978 | Venus orbiter | [244][245] |
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8 August 1978 | Venus atmospheric probes | [246][247] |
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12 August 1978 | Solar wind investigations; later redesignated International Cometary Explorer and performed Comet Giacobini-Zinner and Comet Halley flybys – First comet flyby | [248][249][250] |
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9 September 1978 | Venus flyby and lander | [18][251][252][253] |
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14 September 1978 | Venus flyby and lander | [18][254][255][256] |
1980s[edit]
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Giotto_spacecraft.jpg/240px-Giotto_spacecraft.jpg)
Giotto – Comet Halley flyby
Mission name | Launch date | Description | Ref(s) |
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30 October 1981 | Venus flyby and lander. First recording of sound on another planet. | [18][257][258][259] |
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4 November 1981 | Venus flyby and lander | [18][260][261][262] |
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2 June 1983 | Venus orbiter | [18][263][264] |
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7 June 1983 | Venus orbiter | [18][265][266] |
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15 December 1984 | Venus flyby, lander and first balloon; continued on to Comet Halley flyby | [267][268][269][270][271] |
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21 December 1984 | Venus flyby, lander and balloon; continued on to Comet Halley flyby | [271][272][273][274][275] |
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8 January 1985 | Comet Halley flyby | [276][277] |
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2 July 1985 | First close observation of comet (distance 596 kilometers), Comet Halley flyby | [278][279][280] |
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18 August 1985 | Comet Halley flyby | [281][282] |
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19 February 1986 | First modular space station (operational 1986–2000; final module added 1996) | [283][284][285] |
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7 July 1988 | Attempted Mars orbiter/Phobos landers (contact lost) | [286][287] |
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12 July 1988 | Mars orbiter/attempted Phobos landers (contact lost) | [288][289] |
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4 May 1989 | Venus orbiter | [290][291] |
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18 October 1989 | Venus flyby, first Asteroid flyby (Gaspra), first Asteroid moon discovery (Dactyl), first Jupiter orbiter, first Jupiter atmospheric probe | [292][293][294][295] |
1990s[edit]
Mission name | Launch date | Description | Ref(s) |
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24 January 1990 | Lunar flyby and orbiter | [296][297] |
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24 April 1990 | Orbital space telescope (operational since 1990[needs update]) | [298][299][300] |
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6 October 1990 | Solar polar orbiter | [301][302][303] |
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30 August 1991 | Solar observations (1991–2001) | [304][305] |
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25 September 1992 | Attempted Mars orbiter (contact lost) | [306][307] |
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25 January 1994 | Lunar orbiter/attempted asteroid flyby (contact lost) | [308][309][310] |
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1 November 1994 | Solar wind observations | [311][312] |
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2 December 1995 | Solar observatory (operational since 1996[needs update]) | [313][314][315] |
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17 February 1996 | Eros orbiter, first near-Earth asteroid flyby, first asteroid orbit and first asteroid landing | [316][317][318] |
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7 November 1996 | Mars orbiter | [319][320] |
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16 November 1996 | Attempted Mars orbiter/landers (failed to escape Earth orbit) | [321][322] |
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4 December 1996 | Mars lander and first successful planetary rover | [323][324][325] |
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25 August 1997 | Solar wind and "space weather" observations (operational since 1998) | [326][327] |
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15 October 1997 | First Saturn orbiter and first outer planet moon lander (on Titan) | [328][329][330][331][332] |
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7 January 1998 | Lunar orbiter | [333][334] |
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3 July 1998 | Attempted Mars orbiter (failed to enter Mars orbit) | [335][336] |
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24 October 1998 | Asteroid and comet flyby | [337][338] |
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20 November 1998 | International space station | [339][340] |
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11 December 1998 | Attempted Mars orbiter (orbit insertion failed; entered atmosphere and was destroyed) | [341][342] |
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3 January 1999 | Attempted Mars lander/penetrators (contact lost) | [343][344][345] |
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7 February 1999 | First comet coma sample return (returned 15 January 2006) | [346][347][348] |
2000s[edit]
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Messenger.jpg/220px-Messenger.jpg)
MESSENGER – First Mercury orbiter
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Water_Around_Fresh_Moon_Crater.jpg/222px-Water_Around_Fresh_Moon_Crater.jpg)
Chandrayaan-1 – Water Around Fresh Moon Crater
Mission name | Launch date | Description | Ref(s) |
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7 April 2001 | Mars orbiter | [349][350] |
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8 August 2001 | First solar wind sample return | [351][352][353][354] |
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3 July 2002 | Attempted flyby of comet nuclei (Encke, Schwassmann-Wachmann-3, and optionally a third one; lost in space) | [355][356] |
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9 May 2003 | Asteroid lander and first sample return from asteroid | [357][358][359] |
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2 June 2003 | Mars orbiter/attempted lander (lander failure) | [360][361][362][363] |
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10 June 2003 | Mars rover | [364][365] |
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8 July 2003 | Mars rover | [366][367] |
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27 September 2003 | Lunar orbiter | [368][369] |
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2 March 2004 | Asteroid Šteins and Lutetia flybys; first comet orbiter and lander (Landed in November 2014) | [370][371][372][373] |
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3 August 2004 | First Mercury orbiter (Achieved orbit 18 March 2011) | [374][375][376] |
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12 January 2005 | Comet flyby and impact | [377][378][379][380] |
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12 August 2005 | Mars orbiter | [381][382] |
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9 November 2005 | Venus polar orbiter | [383][384] |
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19 January 2006 | First Pluto/Charon flyby (on 14 July 2015); continued on to 486958 Arrokoth flyby (on 1 January 2019) | [385][386][387][388] |
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22 September 2006 | Solar orbiter | [389][390] |
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26 October 2006 | Two spacecraft, solar orbiters | [391][392][393] |
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4 August 2007 | Mars polar lander (Mars landing on 25 May 2008) | [394][395] |
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14 September 2007 | Lunar orbiters | [396][397][398][399] |
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27 September 2007 | Asteroid Ceres and Vesta orbiter (Entered orbit around Vesta on 16 July 2011 and around Ceres on 6 March 2015) | [400][401][402] |
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24 October 2007 | Lunar orbiter | [403][404][405] |
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22 October 2008 | Lunar orbiter and impactor; discovered water on the Moon | [406][407][408] |
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14 May 2009 | Infrared space telescope at Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point | [409][410] |
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18 June 2009 | Lunar polar orbiter and lunar impactor | [411][412][413][414] |
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14 December 2009 | Infrared survey of celestial sky (WISE mission); later Near-Earth object survey (NEOWISE mission) | [415][416][417] |
2010s[edit]
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Curiosity_-_The_Next_Mars_Rover.jpg/220px-Curiosity_-_The_Next_Mars_Rover.jpg)
Mars Science Laboratory – Mars lander and large rover
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Mars_Orbiter_Mission_-_India_-_ArtistsConcept.jpg/220px-Mars_Orbiter_Mission_-_India_-_ArtistsConcept.jpg)
Mangalyaan – First Indian Mars orbiter
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/ExoMars_Trace_Gas_Orbiter.jpg/220px-ExoMars_Trace_Gas_Orbiter.jpg)
Trace Gas Orbiter – ESA/Roscosmos Mars orbiter
Mission name | Launch date | Description | Ref(s) |
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11 February 2010 | Continuous solar monitoring | [418][419] |
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20 May 2010 | Venus orbiter (orbit insertion failed in 2010 / successful orbit insertion on 7 December 2015) | [420][421][422] |
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15 June 2010 | Solar monitoring | [423][424] |
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1 October 2010 | Lunar orbiter, asteroid 4179 Toutatis flyby | [405][425][426] |
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5 August 2011 | Jupiter orbiter | [427][428] |
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10 September 2011 | Two spacecraft, Lunar orbiters | [429][430][431] |
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8 November 2011 | Attempted Phobos sample return and Mars orbiter, respectively; both failed to escape Earth orbit | [432][433] |
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26 November 2011 | Mars rover (landed 6 August 2012) | [434][435] |
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30 August 2012 | Earth Van Allen radiation belts study | [436][437][438] |
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28 June 2013 | Solar observations | [439] |
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7 September 2013 | Lunar orbiter | [440][441] |
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14 September 2013 | Planetary atmosphere observatory | [442] |
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5 November 2013 | Mars orbiter | [443][444][445] |
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18 November 2013 | Mars orbiter | [446][447] |
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1 December 2013 | Lunar lander and rover (first lander since Soviet Luna 24 in 1976) | [405][448][449][450] |
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23 October 2014 | Circumlunar mission and Earth reentry; technology demonstration to prepare for Chang'e 5 mission | [451] |
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3 December 2014 | Asteroid lander and sample return (sample returned 5 December 2020), first asteroid rover | [359][452][453] |
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3 December 2014 | Comet observer and attempted asteroid flyby (engine failure) | [454] |
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11 February 2015 | Solar observation | [455][456] |
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14 March 2016 | Mars orbiter and attempted lander (lander failure) | [457][458] |
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8 September 2016 | Asteroid sample return mission (sample return scheduled for September 2023) | [459][460] |
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5 May 2018 | Mars lander | [461][462] |
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20 May 2018 | Relay satellite for Chang'e 4 in Halo orbit around Earth–Moon L2 Lagrange point | [463] |
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12 August 2018 | Solar corona probe, closest solar approach (0.04 AU) | [464][465] |
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19 October 2018 | Two Mercury orbiters (orbit insertion planned in December 2025) | [466][467] |
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7 December 2018 | Lunar lander and rover, first landing on the lunar far side | [405][468][469] |
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22 February 2019 | Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon) | [470][471] |
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22 July 2019 | Lunar orbiter; attempted lander and rover (contact lost during final stage of descent) | [472][473] |
2020s[edit]
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220918041221im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/PIA21635-Mars2020Rover-ArtistConcept-20170523.jpg/220px-PIA21635-Mars2020Rover-ArtistConcept-20170523.jpg)
NASA's Perseverance rover
Mission name | Launch date | Description | Ref(s) |
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10 February 2020 | Sun-observing satellite | [474][475][476] |
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19 July 2020 | Mars orbiter | [477] |
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23 July 2020 | Mars orbiter, lander, and rover | [478] |
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30 July 2020 | Mars rover and helicopter drone; first powered flight on another planet | [479][480][481] |
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23 November 2020 | Lunar sample return | [405][482] |
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16 October 2021 | Flyby of six Jupiter trojan asteroids | [483][484] |
![]() ![]() |
24 November 2021 | Asteroid 65803 Didymos impactor | [485][486] |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
25 December 2021 | Orbital space telescope | [487][488] |
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28 June 2022 | Lunar orbiter | [489] |
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5 August 2022 | Lunar orbiter | [490] |
Planned or scheduled[edit]
See also[edit]
- Discovery and exploration of the Solar System
- List of missions to the Moon
- List of missions to Mars
- List of Solar System probes
- List of space telescopes
- New Frontiers program
- Out of the Cradle – 1984 book about scientific speculation on future missions.
- Space Race
- Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
- Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons
- Timeline of first orbital launches by country
- Timeline of space exploration
- Timeline of space travel by nationality
- Timeline of spaceflight
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{{cite web}}
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: CS1 maint: url-status (link)