World History
Does history really repeat itself, or can we learn from the mistakes of those who came before us? History provides a chronological, statistical, and cultural record of the events, people, and movements that have made an impact on humankind and the world at large throughout the ages.
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Featured content, July 05, 2022
![(Buzz Aldrin) stands next to the U.S. flag at Tranquility Base on the Moon during NASA's Apollo 11 mission, July 20, 1969. Aldrin's forward-leaning stance was the normal resting position of an astronaut wearing the life-support pack.](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/68/200268-131-A5D7B546/flag-resting-position-mission-Moon-Tranquility-Base-July-20-1969.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
Moon Landing: Just the Facts
What you need to know about the 1969 U.S. Moon landing.
Companion / World History
![Chinese Opium den, 19th Century](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/23/199823-131-346B9183/Chinese-Opium-den.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
Timeline of the First Opium War
Read more about what happened during the First Opium War.
List / World History
![Amendments 1-10 to the Constitution of the United States constitute what is known as the Bill of Rights on an American flag.](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/51/145151-131-DA4315F9/Bill-of-Rights-Day-amendments-United-States.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
What Is the Emoluments Clause?
How a single line of the U.S. Constitution guards against improper foreign influence on federal officeholders.
Demystified / World History
![Hagia Sophia: mosaic](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/08/58808-050-32096AD5/Justinian-I-Christ-gifts-Constantine-the-Great.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire, the eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived for a thousand years after the western half had crumbled...
Encyclopedia / World History
![combatant in the Mexican Revolution](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/08/145208-050-6963945F/Combatant-Mexican-Revolution-1911.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
Mexican Revolution
Mexican Revolution, (1910–20), a long and bloody struggle among several factions in constantly shifting alliances which resulted...
Encyclopedia / World History
![Seven Years' War: Battle of Zorndorf](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/69/211669-050-8EFA2393/Frederick-II-troops-Prussian-Battle-of-Zorndorf-August-25-1758.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
Seven Years’ War
Seven Years’ War, (1756–63), the last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great powers of Europe....
Encyclopedia / World History
![Thirty Years' War](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/60/360-050-CAFF1905/Thirty-Years-War.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
Thirty Years’ War
Thirty Years’ War, (1618–48), in European history, a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including...
Encyclopedia / World History
World History Quizzes
World History Videos
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World History
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World History Subcategories
![Chile earthquake of 2010](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/44/225244-050-4BDAD4D5/Fifteen-story-apartment-building-collapsed-after-February-27-earthquake-Concepcion-Chile-March-10-2010.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
Nature isn’t always peaceful and idyllic. Earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and other powerful natural phenomena can have devastating consequences on communities and regions throughout the world. But nature is far from the only instigator of large-scale misfortune; human-made disasters and tragedies, both accidental and intentional, can cause significant misery, damage, and loss of life.
Articles
![Louis XVI: execution by guillotine](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/40/167640-050-A45EDB7E/execution-Louis-XVI-1793.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
This general category includes a selection of more specific topics.
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French Revolution
1787–1799
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Meiji Restoration
Japanese history
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Haitian Revolution
Haitian history
![The ancient Middle East.](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/05/3605-050-3100EFFF/Middle-East.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
The modern world may look very different from the world that existed in the time of ancient civilizations, but our modern-day life continues to show the influence of cultures, traditions, ideas, and innovations from hundreds of years ago. Learn more about important historical civilizations, sites, people, and events.
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Chichén Itzá
ancient city, Mexico
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Marcus Aurelius
emperor of Rome
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Trojan War
Greek mythology
![Livy](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/78/66578-050-B43A35D3/Livy.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
This general category includes a selection of more specific topics.
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A.J.P. Taylor
British historian and journalist
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Thucydides
Greek historian
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Edward Gibbon
British historian
![branches of the Medici family](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/36/2536-050-D97312B6/branches-family-Medici-branch-grand-duchy-principate.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
This general category includes a selection of more specific topics.
Articles
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house of Este
Italian family
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Maccabees
priestly Jewish family
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Mamluk
Islamic dynasty
![subcategory placeholder](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/resources/encyclopedia-placeholder.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
This general category includes a selection of more specific topics.
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Robert
duke of Apulia
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Mohammed bin Salman
Saudi Arabian prince
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Philip
landgrave of Hesse
![David Livingstone.](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/26/144926-050-738487C2/David-Livingstone.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
This general category includes a selection of more specific topics.
Articles
- European exploration
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American frontier
United States history
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Daniel Boone
American frontiersman
![Clement VII](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/38/12838-004-B7E8C47E/Clement-VII-detail-portrait-Sebastiano-del-Piombo.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
The Middle Ages comprise the period in European history that began with the collapse of Roman civilization in the 5th century CE and lasted until the dawn of the Renaissance in the 13th, 14th, or 15th century. This interval of time saw the development of the Gothic style of art and architecture, flying buttresses and all. It was also the era of the Crusades and of papal monarchy, and it was during this period that the idea of Europe as a distinct cultural unit emerged.
Articles
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Battle of Tours
European history [732]
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Norman Conquest
British history
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Black Death
pandemic, medieval Europe
![Kemal Atatürk](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/56/195956-050-0110697A/Kemal-Ataturk.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
This general category includes a selection of more specific topics.
Articles
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Hannibal
Carthaginian general [247-c.181 BC]
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Genghis Khan
Mongol ruler
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St. Joan of Arc
French heroine
![Kindertransport](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/77/174477-050-ABA656A6/part-children-border-region-Kindertransport-ship-Jews-February-1939.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
This general category includes a selection of more specific topics.
Articles
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Weimar Republic
German history [1918–1933]
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Treaty of Versailles
1919
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Mikhail Gorbachev
president of Soviet Union
![Mississippian culture: Ocmulgee National Monument](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/71/133171-050-C466D18E/earth-lodge-site-earthwork-structures-Ocmulgee-National.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
The prehistoric age covers the millions of years that took place before human beings began to create written records of their life and of the world in which they lived. Archaeology and similar fields of study allow us to fill in the gaps and piece together an image of what life was like for our ancestors, including what kinds of flora and fauna they might have encountered.
Articles
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Mississippian culture
ancient North American culture
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Mogollon culture
North American Indian culture
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Stonehenge
ancient monument, Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom
![Pearl Harbor attack](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/81/71381-050-0042470B/battleship-attack-Pearl-Harbor-Japanese-Hawaii-December-7-1941.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
As with most nations, the history of the United States contains a number of twists and turns throughout the centuries, from the time of the English colonization of North America up to the modern-day America that we're familiar with. Learn more about the people, events, and movements that left an indelible mark in history and shaped the development of the United States as a nation.
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Plains Wars
United States history
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War of 1812
United Kingdom-United States history
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Salem witch trials
American history
![World War I](https://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220706010028im_/https://cdn.britannica.com/44/65944-050-F18FEEA4/soldier-British-trench-Western-Front-World-War.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop)
Wars, battles, and other domestic or international conflicts, whether armed or diplomatic, are often the outcome of a dispute over natural resources or a struggle for power, influence, and wealth. Major conflicts between nations, peoples, and political groups can end up shifting the cultural and political geography of the world and can also effect change, whether intentional or not, in societal values and the balance of power.
Articles
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World War I
1914–1918
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World War II
1939–1945
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Crusades
Christianity