Cumbia

Cumbia refers to a number of musical rhythms and folk dance traditions of Latin America, generally involving musical and cultural elements from Amerindians, Africans enslaved during colonial times, and Europeans. Examples include:

• Colombian cumbia, is a musical rhythm and traditional folk dance from Colombia. It has elements of three different cultures, American Indian, African, and to a lesser extent, Spanish, being the result of the long and intense meeting of these cultures during the Conquest and the Colony.
• Panamanian cumbia, Panamanian folk dance and musical genre, developed by slaves of African descent during colonial times and later syncretized with Amerindian and European cultural elements.

Regional adaptations of Colombian cumbia

Argentina

• Argentine cumbia
• Cumbia villera, a subgenre of Argentine cumbia born in the slums
• Fantasma, a 2001 group formed by Martín Roisi and Pablo Antico
• Cumbia santafesina, a musical genre emerged in Santa Fe, Argentina

Bolivia

• Bolivian cumbia

Chile

• Chilean cumbia
• New Chilean cumbia, a subgenre derived from Colombian cumbia

Costa Rica

• Costa Rican cumbia

Mexico

• Mexican cumbia
• Southeast cumbia or chunchaca, a variant of Mexican cumbia
• Northern Mexican cumbia, a variant of Mexican cumbia, developed in northeastern Mexico and part of Texas (former Mexican territory)
• Cumbia sonidera, a variant of Mexican cumbia

Paraguay

• Cachaca, a fusion of cumbia sonidera, norteña, vallenato and cumbia villera

Peru

• Peruvian cumbia;
• Chicha or Andean tropical music
• Amazonian cumbia or jungle cumbia, a popular subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, created in the Peruvian Amazon
• Cumbia piurana, a set of styles and sub-genres linked to cumbia that have been produced in Piura, a region on the north Peruvian coast, since the mid-1960s
• Cumbia sanjuanera, a subgenre of cumbia piurana
• Cumbia sureña, a subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, a fusion of Andean cumbia and techno

El Salvador

• Salvadoran cumbia

Venezuela

• Venezuelan cumbia