.in
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Introduced | 8 May 1989 |
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TLD type | Country code top-level domain |
Status | Active |
Registry | INRegistry |
Sponsor | National Internet Exchange of India |
Intended use | Entities connected with ![]() |
Actual use | Very popular in India. Liberalisation of registration rules in 2005 led to a large increase in registrations including overseas registrations. |
Registered domains | 2.01 million+ (July 2016)[1][2] |
Registration restrictions | No restrictions on who can register second-level domains or most third-level domains; various specific restrictions under some of those specialised subdomains. |
Structure | May register at the second level or at the third level beneath generic-category 2nd-level domains |
Documents | Policies |
Dispute policies | .IN Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (INDRP) |
DNSSEC | Yes |
Registry website | registry.in |
![]() Logo for .भारत, (romanized as .bharat) | |
Introduced | 5 February 2011[3] |
---|---|
TLD type | Internationalised (Devanagari) country code top-level domain |
Status | Active |
Registry | INRegistry |
Sponsor | National Internet Exchange of India |
Intended use | Entities connected with ![]() |
Actual use | Getting popular in India. |
Registration restrictions | Devanagari script. Also comply with certain Devanagari Phonological rules; restrictions under some specialized subdomains like सरकार.भारत (≈gov.in). |
Structure | May register at the second level or at the third level beneath generic-category 2nd-level domains. |
DNS name | xn--h2brj9c |
DNSSEC | Yes |
Registry website | रजिस्ट्री.भारत (registry.bharat) |
.in is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for India. Made available in 1989, only four years after original generic top-level domains such as .com, .net and the country code like .us. It is currently administered by National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI).
Registry operator[edit]
The domain was originally managed by the National Centre for Software Technology (NCST) and its Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC). The Government of India issued an executive order in 2004 to transfer responsibility for managing .in domains to the newly created INRegistry under the authority of the National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI). The National Informatics Centre (NIC), ERNET, and the Ministry of Defence were appointed as registrars for the gov.in, res.in and ac.in, and the mil.in domains respectively.[4][5]
In August 2018, NIXI appointed Neustar Data Infotech (India), a subsidiary of Neustar Inc, to be the country's new registry services provider. Neustar completed migration of existing .in domains to its registry infrastructure in March 2019. Neustar added the ability to register Indian-language domains in native script by enabling end-to-end web portal language support.[6]
Second-level domains[edit]
As of 2005[update], liberalised policies for the .in domain allow unlimited second-level registrations under .in. Unlimited registrations under the previously structured existing zones are also allowed:[7]
- .in (available to anyone; used by companies, individuals, and organisations in India)
- .co.in (intended for banks, registered companies, and trademarks)
- .com.in (available to anyone; used by companies, individuals, and organisations in India)
- .firm.in (intended for shops, partnerships, liaison offices, sole proprietorships)
- .net.in (intended for Internet service providers)
- .org.in (intended for nonprofit organisations)
- .gen.in (intended for general/miscellaneous use)
- .ind.in (intended for individuals)
Zones reserved for use by qualified institutions in India:[7]
- .ernet.in (Older, for both educational and research institutes)[8][9]
- .ac.in (Academic institutions)
- .edu.in (Educational institutions)
- .res.in (Indian research institutes)
- .gov.in (Indian government)
- .mil.in (Indian military organisations)
The domain .nic.in is reserved for India's National Informatics Centre, but in practice most Indian government agencies have domains ending in .nic.in.
.in Registry recently launched following sub-domains to benefit the growing market.
- .5g.in
- .6g.in
- .ai.in
- .am.in
- .bihar.in
- .biz.in
- .business.in
- .ca.in
- .cn.in
- .com.in
- .coop.in
- .cs.in
- .delhi.in
- .dr.in
- .er.in
- .gujarat.in
- .info.in
- .int.in
- .internet.in
- .io.in
- .me.in
- .pg.in
- .post.in
- .pro.in
- .travel.in
- .tv.in
- .uk.in
- .up.in
- .us.in
Before the introduction of liberalised registration policies for the .in domain, only 7000 names had been registered between 1992 and 2004. As of March 2010[update], the number had increased to over 610,000 domain names with 60% of registrations coming from India and the rest from overseas.[10] By October 2011, the number had surpassed 1 million domain names.[11] As of March 2016[update], the number has more than doubled to over 2 million domain names.[12]
Restrictions on use of .in domains[edit]
As per the terms and conditions of the .in registry, domain privacy is not allowed.[13]
Effective from December 27, 2021, bulk domain registrations, with individuals registrant registering for more than 2 or an entity registering for more than 100 .in domains are required to seek prior approval from the CEO of National Internet Exchange of India.[14][15]
Internationalised domain names and country codes[edit]
India plans to introduce internationalised domain names in the 22 local languages used in India. As of October 2016[update], fifteen of these internationalised domain names were accepted by ICANN:
- .भारत (Devanagari), became available with the following zones:[16]
Devanagari string Transliterated string भारत .bharat कंपनी.भारत company.bharat विद्या.भारत vidya.bharat सरकार.भारत sarkar.bharat
- .ভারত (Bengali), available as of 2017[update]
- .ਭਾਰਤ (Gurmukhī), only ਡਾਟਾਮੇਲ.ਭਾਰਤ as of August 2017[update]
- .ભારત (Gujarati), available as of 2017[update]
- .இந்தியா (Tamil), available as of 2015[update].[17]
- .భారత్ (Telugu), available as of 2017[update]
- .بھارت (Urdu) only ڈاٹامیل.بھارت as of August 2017[update] (mainly right-to-left character order)
In 2016, an application for eight further domains were accepted. While Indian government also applied for .বাংলা(Bengali) it was given to competitive applicant Bangladesh Telecommunication company. They were not available (as of October 2016[update]):[18] But, they were later on made available and now are open for domain registration in India.
- .ಭಾರತ (Kannada)
- .ভাৰত (Assamese)
- بارت. (Kashmiri)
- .ഭാരതം (Malayalam)
- .ଭାରତ (Odia)
- .भारतम् (Sanskrit)
- .भारोत (Santali)
- ڀارت. (Sindhi)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Registry.In | .IN is India's Country Code Top Level domain (ccTLD)". IN Registry. National Internet Exchange of India. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
- ^ Agarwal, Surabhi; Alawadhi, Neha (27 July 2016). "IT Ministry plans ad campaign to promote .in domain name". The Economic Times. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
- ^ ".भारत - TLDpedia".
- ^ "About the .IN Registry". Registry.In. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
- ^ ".in Registry | Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India". meity.gov.in.
- ^ "Neustar logs in for .IN Domain". The Economic Times. 2 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
- ^ a b "IN Registry Policies". Registry.In. 1 January 2005. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
- ^ "ERNET Domain Registration". ERNET. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
- ^ "ERNET's registry". ERNET. Archived from the original on 21 February 2005. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
- ^ Chatterjee, Moumita Bakshi (13 March 2010). "'.in' domain registration crosses six-lakh mark". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ ".IN Passes One Million Registrations And Looks To Future For Growth". Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
- ^ "There are Over 2 Million .in (India) Registered Domains".
- ^ Registry.in. "Terms and Conditions for registrants" (PDF).
- ^ Mathi, Sarvesh (4 January 2022). "Want to buy more than two .in domains? Get approval from NIXI CEO". MediaNama. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ^ "Approval from CEO for Bulk booking" (PDF). National Internet Exchange of India. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ "Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs)". www.registry.in.
- ^ "இந்தியா". Archived from the original on 18 August 2021.
{{cite web}}
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value (help) - ^ Pai, Vivek (18 April 2016). "ICANN approves Kannada, Malayalam, Assamese & Oriya domain names".
External links and references[edit]
- IANA Whois information
- whois information
- Policies from the INRegistry website
- List of Accredited registrars for .in