Amazon S3
The technical content of this article relies largely or entirely on documentation from Amazon.com.(November 2018) |
![]() Amazon S3 Logo | |
Type of site | Cloud storage |
---|---|
Available in | English |
Owner | Amazon.com |
URL | aws |
IPv6 support | Yes |
Commercial | Yes |
Registration | Required (included in free tier layer) |
Launched | March 14, 2006 |
Current status | Active |
Amazon S3 or Amazon Simple Storage Service is a service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that provides object storage through a web service interface.[1][2] Amazon S3 uses the same scalable storage infrastructure that Amazon.com uses to run its e-commerce network.[3] Amazon S3 can store any type of object, which allows uses like storage for Internet applications, backups, disaster recovery, data archives, data lakes for analytics, and hybrid cloud storage.
AWS launched Amazon S3 in the United States on March 14, 2006,[1][4] then in Europe in November 2007.[5]
Design[edit]
Amazon S3 manages data with an object storage architecture[6] which aims to provide scalability, high availability, and low latency with high durability and availability.[3]
The basic storage units of Amazon S3 are objects which are organized into buckets. Each object is identified by a unique, user-assigned key.[7] Buckets can be managed using the console provided by Amazon S3, programmatically the AWS SDK, or the REST application programming interface. Objects can be up to five terabytes in size.[8][9]
Requests are authorized using an access control list associated with each object bucket and support versioning[10] which is disabled by default.[11] Since buckets are typically the size of an entire file system mount in other systems, this access control scheme is very coarse-grained. In other words, unique access controls cannot be associated with individual files.[citation needed]
Amazon S3 can be used to replace static web-hosting infrastructure with HTTP client-accessible objects.[12] The Amazon AWS authentication mechanism allows the creation of authenticated URLs, valid for a specified amount of time.
Every item in a bucket can also be served as a BitTorrent feed. The Amazon S3 store can act as a seed host for a torrent and any BitTorrent client can retrieve the file. This can drastically reduce the bandwidth cost for the download of popular objects. A bucket can be configured to save HTTP log information to a sibling bucket; this can be used in data mining operations.[13]
There are various User Mode File System (FUSE)–based file systems for Unix-like operating systems (for example, Linux) that can be used to mount an S3 bucket as a file system. The semantics of the Amazon S3 file system are not that of a POSIX file system, so the file system may not behave entirely as expected.[14]
Amazon S3 provides the option to host static HTML websites with index document support and error document support.[15]
Amazon S3 storage classes[edit]
Amazon S3 offers four different storage classes that offer different levels of durability, availability, and performance requirements.[16]
- Amazon S3 Standard is the default.
- Amazon S3 Standard Infrequent Access (IA) is designed for less frequently accessed data, like backups and disaster recovery data
- Amazon S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access is designed for data that is infrequently retrieved, but needs to be accessed rapidly when required. Data is stored in a single zone.
- Amazon Glacier is designed for long-term storage of data that is infrequently accessed and where retrieval latency of minutes or hours is acceptable. It is intended as an alternative to magnetic tape libraries, and is designed for long term retention of data for 7 to 10 years.
Notable users[edit]
- Photo hosting service SmugMug has used Amazon S3 since April 2006. They experienced a number of initial outages and slowdowns, but after one year they described it as being "considerably more reliable than our own internal storage" and claimed to have saved almost $1 million in storage costs.[17]
- Netflix uses Amazon S3 as their system of record. Netflix implemented a tool, S3mper,[18] to address the Amazon S3 limitations of eventual consistency.[19] S3mper stores the filesystem metadata: filenames, directory structure, and permissions in Amazon DynamoDB.[20]
- reddit is hosted on Amazon S3.[21]
- Bitcasa,[22] and Tahoe-LAFS-on-S3,[23] among others, use Amazon S3 for online backup and synchronization services. In 2016, Dropbox stopped using Amazon S3 services and developed its own cloud server.[24][25]
- Tumblr, Formspring, and Pinterest host images on Amazon S3.
- Swiftype's CEO has mentioned that the company uses Amazon S3.[26]
- Amazon S3 was used by some enterprises as a long term archiving solution until Amazon Glacier was released in August 2012.[citation needed]
S3 API and competing services[edit]
The broad adoption of Amazon S3 and related tooling has given rise to competing services based on the S3 API. These services use the standard programming interface but are differentiated by their underlying technologies and business models.[27] A standard interface enables better competition from rival providers and allows economies of scale in implementation, among other benefits.[28]
History[edit]
Amazon Web Services introduced Amazon S3 in 2006.[29][30] Amazon reported it stored more than 100 trillion objects as of March 2021[update],[31] up from 10 billion objects in October 2007,[32] 14 billion objects in January 2008, 29 billion objects in October 2008,[33] 52 billion objects in March 2009,[34] 64 billion objects in August 2009,[35] 102 billion objects in March 2010,[36] and 2 trillion objects in April 2013.[37] In November 2017 AWS added default encryption capabilities at bucket level. [38]
See also[edit]
- Amazon Elastic Block Storage (EBS)
- Timeline of Amazon Web Services
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^ a b "Amazon Web Services Launches "Amazon S3"" (Press release). 2006-03-14. Archived from the original on 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2018-11-14.
- ^ Huang, Dijiang; Wu, Huijun (2017-09-08). Mobile Cloud Computing: Foundations and Service Models. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 67. ISBN 9780128096444. Archived from the original on 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
- ^ a b "Cloud Object Storage - Store & Retrieve Data Anywhere - Amazon Simple Storage Service". Amazon Web Services, Inc. Archived from the original on 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
- ^ "5 Key Events in the history of Cloud Computing - DZone Cloud". dzone.com. Archived from the original on 2018-09-29. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
- ^ "Amazon Web Services Offers European Storage for Amazon S3" (Press release). 2007-11-06. Archived from the original on 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2018-11-14.
- ^ "What is Cloud Object Storage? – AWS". Amazon Web Services, Inc. 2019-10-16. Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2018-07-09.
- ^ "Tech Blog » Starting Websphere in Cloud and saving the data in S3". techblog.aasisvinayak.com. Archived from the original on 2010-03-12.
- ^ "open-guides/og-aws". GitHub. Archived from the original on 2018-01-03. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
- ^ "Error Responses - Amazon Simple Storage Service". docs.aws.amazon.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-24. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
- ^ https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Versioning.html
- ^ "Introduction to Amazon S3 - Amazon Simple Storage Service". docs.aws.amazon.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-12. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
- ^ "How to use Amazon S3 for Web Hosting". bucketexplorer.com. Archived from the original on 2008-04-08. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
- ^ http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/ServerLogs.html Archived 2014-12-23 at the Wayback Machine Server Access Logging
- ^ "Comparison of S3QL and other S3 file systems". Archived from the original on 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2012-06-29.
- ^ Amazon Simple Storage Service Archived 2011-02-20 at the Wayback Machine Docs.amazonwebservices.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-09.
- ^ "Cloud Storage Classes – Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) – AWS". Amazon Web Services, Inc. Archived from the original on 2018-06-13. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
- ^ "Amazon S3: Show Me the Money". SmugMug Blog. SmugMug. November 10, 2006. Archived from the original on 2017-03-03. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
- ^ "S3mper: Consistency in the Cloud". Archived from the original on 2016-04-24. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
- ^ "Introduction to Amazon S3". Amazon. Archived from the original on 2017-12-25. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ Hern, Alex (2017-02-02). "Amazon Web Services: the secret to the online retailer's future success". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 2018-05-02. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
- ^ "AWS Case Study: reddit". aws.amazon.com. 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-03-17. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ^ "Bitcasa Legal". May 16, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-06-28. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
- ^ "What is Tahoe-LAFS-on-S3?". August 21, 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-05-06. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
- ^ "The Epic Story of Dropbox's Exodus From the Amazon Cloud Empire". WIRED. Archived from the original on 2018-01-25. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
- ^ "Dropbox saved almost $75 million over two years by building its own tech infrastructure". GeekWire. 2018-02-23. Archived from the original on 2018-04-23. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
- ^ "Swiftype Explains Their Cloud Stack". July 1, 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-12-08. Retrieved 2014-12-08.
- ^ Watters, Audrey (12 July 2010). "Cloud Community Debates, Is Amazon S3's API the Standard? (And Should It Be?)". SAY Media, Inc. Archived from the original on 2013-02-17. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ Crossroads of Information Technology Standards. Committee on Standards Workshop Planning, Board on Telecommunications and Computer Applications, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1990. 1990. pp. 36–37. doi:10.17226/10440. ISBN 978-0-309-58171-4. Archived from the original on 2014-03-25. Retrieved 2014-03-25.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Overview of Amazon Web Services, 2018, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/aws-overview/introduction.html Archived 2017-11-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Garfinkel, Simson L. 2007. An Evaluation of Amazon's Grid Computing Services: EC2, S3, and SQS. Harvard Computer Science Group Technical Report TR-08-07. https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/24829568/tr-08-07.pdf?sequence=1 Archived 2018-07-29 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Celebrate 15 Years of Amazon S3 with 'Pi Week' Livestream Events". amazon.com. 14 March 2021.
- ^ Vogels, Werner (2008-03-19). "Happy Birthday, Amazon S3!". All Things Distributed. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
- ^ "Amazon S3 - Busier Than Ever". 2008-10-08. Archived from the original on 2008-10-11. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
- ^ "Celebrating S3's Third Birthday With Special Anniversary Pricing - Amazon Web Services". typepad.com. 31 March 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2009-04-01.
- ^ "Amazon's Head Start in the Cloud Pays Off". eweek.com.
- ^ "Amazon S3 Now Hosts 100 Billion Objects". datacenterknowledge.com. 9 March 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-03-12. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
- ^ "Amazon S3 – Two Trillion Objects, 1.1 Million Requests / Second - Amazon Web Services". typepad.com. 18 April 2013.
- ^ "New Amazon S3 Encryption & Security Features". 6 November 2017.
Sources[edit]
- "Server Access Logging".
- "Amazon S3 Developer Guide". 2006-03-01.
- "Amazon S3 Introduces Storage Pricing Tiers". 2008-10-08.
- "RightScale Ruby library to access Amazon CloudFront, EC2, S3, SQS, and SDB". 2007-10-27. Archived from the original on 2008-11-03. Retrieved 2009-01-07.