Wolfgang Mommsen
Wolfgang Justin Mommsen | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | 11 August 2004 Bansin, Germany | (aged 73)
Alma mater | |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Modern History German Empire United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Imperialism World War I Max Weber |
Institutions | University of Leeds, University of Cologne, University of Düsseldorf, German Historical Institute London |
Thesis | Max Weber und die deutsche Politik 1890-1920 (1958) |
Doctoral advisor | Theodor Schieder |
Wolfgang Justin Mommsen (German pronunciation: [vɔlfgaŋ jʊʃtiːn mɔmzn̩]; November 5, 1930 – August 11, 2004) was a German historian. He was the twin brother of historian Hans Mommsen.
Biography[edit]
Wolfgang Mommsen was born in Marburg, the son of the historian Wilhelm Mommsen and great-grandson of the Roman historian Theodor Mommsen. He was educated at the University of Marburg, the University of Cologne, and the University of Leeds between 1951 and 1959. He was assistant professor at the University of Cologne (1959–1967) and full professor University of Düsseldorf (1967–1996); he directed the German Historical Institute in London between 1978 and 1985. In 1965, he married Sabine von Schalburg, with whom he had four children.
Mommsen wrote a biography of Max Weber in 1958. His dissertation, on Max Weber and German politics, published in English in 1984, revolutionized the "understanding of the 20th century's most influential sociologist by setting him firmly in the context of his times, and showing him to be a liberal nationalist and imperialist, much to the horror of many of his admirers. He went on to demonstrate that a knowledge of Weber's political thought and action was essential if one were to grasp accurately his theory of power. This was an outstanding achievement, and Wolfgang followed it up by playing a leading role in editing a new, comprehensive edition of Weber's works.... The Mommsens were related to Weber by marriage, so there was something particularly iconoclastic in Wolfgang's book, which caused a huge storm when it first appeared."[1] His main areas of expertise were in 19th century-20th century British and German history. His interests were wide-ranging and he wrote about diplomatic, social, intellectual, and economic history. Mommsen championed a Sonderweg ("special path") interpretation of German history. Echoing the views of Hans-Ulrich Wehler and Fritz Fischer, he argued that 19th-century Germany was only partially modernized, as economic modernization was not accompanied by political modernization. Much of Mommsen's comparative studies of British and German history concerns why, in his view, the British had both a political and economic modernization while the Germans had only the latter. An Anglophile, Mommsen greatly enjoyed teaching and living in Britain.
In Mommsen's view, the foreign policy of the German Empire was driven by domestic concerns as the German elite sought distractions abroad to hold off demands for democracy at home. For Mommsen, the major responsibility for the outbreak of the First World War rests on Germany's shoulders. Furthermore, the November Revolution of 1918 did not go far enough and allowed the pre-1918 elite to continue to dominate German life, thus leading inevitably to Nazi Germany. Mommsen has written books condemning appeasement.
In the Historikerstreit ("historians' dispute"), Mommsen took the position that the Holocaust was a uniquely evil event that should not be compared to Stalinist terror in the Soviet Union.[2]
In 1998, several younger German historians criticized Mommsen for not denouncing the Nazi past of his mentors while a university student in the 1950s.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
Interpretations of Weber's liberalism
Work[edit]
- Max Weber und die deutsche Politik, 1890–1920, 1959.
- "The Debate on German War Aims" pages 47–74 from Journal of Contemporary History, Volume 1, 1966.
- "Die latente Krise des Deutschen Reiches, 1909–1914" from Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte, Volume 4: Deutsche Geschichte der neuesten Zeit von Bismarcks Entlassung bis zur Gegenwart, 1973.
- The Age of Bureaucracy: Perspectives on the Political Sociology of Max Weber, 1974.
- "Society and War: Two New Analyses of the First World War," Journal of Modern History Vol. 47, No. 3, September 1975,
- Imperialismustheorien, 1977.
- Der europäische Imperialismus. Aufsätze und Abhandlungen, 1979.
- The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany, 1850–1950, co-edited with Wolfgang Mock, 1981.
- Sozialprotest, Gewalt, Terror: Gewaltanwendung durch politische und gesellschaftliche Randgruppen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, co-edited with Gerhard Hirschfeld, 1982.
- The Fascist Challenge and the Policy of Appeasement, co-edited with Lothar Kettenacker, 1983.
- The Development of Trade Unionism in Great Britain and Germany, 1880–1914, co-edited with Hans-Gerhard Husung, 1985.
- Imperialism and After: Continuities and Discontinuities co-edited with Jürgen Osterhammel, 1986.
- Bismarck, Europe, and Africa: The Berlin Africa Conference, 1884–1885, and the Onset of Partition, co-edited with Stig Förster and Ronald Robinson, 1988.
- The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber: Collected Essays, 1989.
- “Neither Denial nor Forgetfulness Will Free Us From the Past: Harmonizing Our Understanding of History Endangers Freedom” pages 202–215 from Forever In The Shadow Of Hitler? edited by Ernst Piper, Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1993.
- Intellektuelle im Deutschen Kaiserreich, co-edited with Gangolf Hubinger, 1993.
- Der Autoritäre Nationalstaat, 1990 translated by Richard Deveson into English as Imperial Germany 1867–1918: Politics, culture, and society in an authoritarian state, 1995.
- "Max Weber and the Regeneration of Russia," Journal of Modern History Vol. 69, No. 1, March 1997.
Notes[edit]
- ^ Richard J. Evans (August 16, 2004). "Wolfgang Mommsen: A leading German historian, he brought academics together to further the understanding of his country's past". theguardian.com. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
- ^ Mommsen, Wolfgang J. "Neither Denial nor Forgetfulness Will Free Us" pages 202-215 from Forever In The Shadow of Hitler? edited by Ernst Piper, Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, 1993 page 209.
References[edit]
- Kallis, Aristotle "Mommsen, Wolfgang J." pages 829-830 from The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing edited by Kelly Boyd, London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishing, 1999.
External links[edit]
- 1930 births
- 2004 deaths
- 20th-century German historians
- Academics of the German Historical Institute London
- German male non-fiction writers
- Historians of Nazism
- Historians of World War I
- Historians of World War II
- People from Hesse-Nassau
- People from Marburg
- University of Cologne alumni
- University of Cologne faculty
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf faculty
- University of Marburg alumni