Surya Sen
Master Da Surya Sen | |
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সূর্য সেন | |
![]() Sen in 1924 | |
Born | |
Died | 12 January 1934 Chittagong, Bengal Presidency (now Bangladesh) | (aged 39)
Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
Nationality | Indian |
Organization | Indian National Congress Anushilan Samiti |
Known for | Chittagong armoury raid |
Movement | Independence movement |
Spouse(s) | Puspa Sen |
Anushilan Samiti |
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Influence |
Anushilan Samiti |
Notable events |
Related topics |
Surya Sen, also called Surya Kumar Sen (22 March 1894 – 12 January 1934), was an Indian revolutionary who was influential in the Indian independence movement against British rule in India and is best known for leading the 1930 Chittagong armoury raid.
Sen was a school teacher by profession and was popularly known as Master Da ("da" is an honorific suffix in Bengali language). He was influenced by the nationalist ideals in 1916 while he was a student of B.A. in Berhampore College (Now Krishnath College).[1] In 1918, he was selected as president of the Indian National Congress's Chittagong branch.[2] Sen was known for recruiting a group of young and passionate revolutionaries known as the Chittagong group including Ananta Singh, Ganesh Ghosh and Lokenath Bal, who fought against the British stationed in Chittagong.[3]
He was an active participant in the Non-co-operation movement and was later arrested and imprisoned for 2 years from 1926 to 1928 for his revolutionary activities. A brilliant and inspirational organiser, Sen was fond of saying "Humanism is a special virtue of the revolutionary."[3]
After the Chittagong raid in 1930 and a fierce battle where over 80 British Indian Army soldiers and 12 revolutionaries were killed, Sen and other surviving revolutionaries dispersed into small groups and hid in neighbouring villages, launching raids on government personnel and property. Sen was arrested on 16 February 1933, tried and was hanged on 12 January 1934.[4] Many of his fellow revolutionaries were also caught and sentenced to long periods of imprisonment.[3]
Early life[edit]
Sen was born on 22 March 1894 in a Baidya family at Noapara, under Raozan Upazila in Chittagong. His father Ramaniranjan Sen was a teacher. In 1916, when he was a B.A. student in Berhampore College (now Krishnath College) of Murshidabad he learned about Indian freedom movement from one of his teachers Shatishchandra Chakrabarti. When Sen came to Chittagong in 1918, he started teaching at the local National School, becoming famous with the honorific Master da. Later, he left his job and became the president of the Chittagong branch of the Indian National Congress.
Sen actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement. He looted the treasury of Assam-Bengal Railway for cash money to fuel the movement, for which he was imprisoned with fellow revolutionary Ambika Chakrabarty for two years. Both were released towards the end of 1928 and resumed their activities.[5][6][7]
Chittagong armoury raid[edit]
Sen led a group of revolutionaries on 18 April 1930 to raid the armoury of police and auxiliary forces from the Chittagong armoury.[8] The plan was elaborate and included seizing of arms from the armoury as well as destruction of communication system of the city (including telephone, telegraph and railway), thereby isolating Chittagong from the rest of British Raj.[8] However, although the group gained the arms, they failed to capture the ammunition. They hoisted the Indian National Flag on the premises of the armoury, and then escaped. A few days later, a large fraction of the revolutionary group was cornered in the nearby Jalalabad Hills by a British Indian Army detachment. In the ensuing fight, twelve Revolutionaries died, many were arrested, while some managed to flee, including Sen.[8]
Arrest and death[edit]
Sen stayed in hiding, and kept moving from one place to another. Sometimes he took up a job as a workman, a farmer, a priest, a house worker or even hid as a pious Muslim. This is how he avoided being captured by the British.[citation needed]
He hid in the house of a friend. His relative named Netra Sen lived not far away.[9] But Netra Sen informed the British of his hiding place, and the police came and captured him in February 1933.[9] Before Netra Sen could be rewarded by the British, a revolutionary named Kironmoy Sen came into his house and beheaded him with da (a long knife).[10][11] As Netra Sen's wife was a big supporter of Surya Sen, she never disclosed the name of the revolutionary who killed Netra Sen. Before his eventual hanging on 12 January 1934 with another revolutionary named Tarakeswar Dastidar, both Sen and Dastidar underwent torture at the hands of the police.[10]
His last letter was written to his friends and said: "Death is knocking at my door. My mind is flying away towards eternity. At such a pleasant, at such a grave, at such a solemn moment, what shall I leave behind you? Only one thing, that is my dream, a golden dream – the dream of free India. Never forget the date, 18th of April, 1930, the day of the eastern Rebellion in Chittagong. Write in red letters in the core of your hearts the names of the patriots who have sacrificed their lives at the altar of India's freedom." [12]
In popular media[edit]
Indian film director Ashutosh Gowariker directed the film Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey (2010) about Sen's life. Actor Abhishek Bachchan played the role of Sen.[13] Another film Chittagong (2012) directed by Bedabrata Pain was about Sen's armoury raid. Manoj Bajpayee played the leading role.[14]
Legacy[edit]
Surya Sen is considered one of the leading revolutionaries in British India, and is a highly respected figure in both Bangladesh and India. Residential halls have been named after him at both the University of Dhaka [15] and the University of Chittagong.[16] Kolkata has a metro railway station and a street named after him as well.[17]
See also[edit]
- Pritilata Waddedar, Bengali revolutionary nationalist
References[edit]
- ^ Islam, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Chief ed. Sirajul (2003). "Mastarda" Surya Sen (1. publ. ed.). Dhaka: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 9843205766. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
- ^ Chakrabarti, Bidyut (1990). Subhas Chandra Bose and Middle Class Radicalism: A Study in Indian Nationalism, 1928-1940. I. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. p. 108. ISBN 1850431493.
- ^ a b c Chandra, Bipan (1988). India's struggle for independence 1857-1947. Penguin. ISBN 9788184751833. OCLC 983835276.
- ^ "Death Sentence On Terrorists". The Glasgow Herald. 15 August 1933. p. 9. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
- ^ Kumar, Vijay (2008). हर दिन पावन. लोकहित प्रकाशन. ISBN 9788189606350.
- ^ "Surya Sen". abhipedia.com. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ Karan, Rewati (22 March 2022). "Surya Sen — Chittagong's 'Master da' who led the raid that broke the 'armed might' of British". ThePrint. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
- ^ a b c Chandra, Bipan (1989). India's Struggle for Independence: 1857-1947. Penguin Books India. pp. 251–252. ISBN 978-0-14-010781-4.
- ^ a b Srinvantu magazine (Aurobindo Bhawan, 8, Shakespeare Sarani, Kolkata - 700 071. ed. 8 March 2021. p. 36)
- ^ a b "Chittagong British Armoury Raid 1930: Revolutionary, Surya Sen led the attack on April 18". India Today. 19 April 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
- ^ বসু, ঋজু (15 August 2021). "75th Independence Day: ধর্মের ছোঁয়াচ ছাড়া বিয়ের স্বাধীনতা". Ananda Bazar. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ Srinvantu magazine (Aurobindo Bhawan, 8, Shakespeare Sarani, Kolkata - 700 071. ed. 8 March 2021. p. 37)
- ^ "Ashutosh Gowariker's Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey to be released on December 3". Daily News & Analysis. 22 April 2010. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
- ^ "'Chittagong': Manoj Bajpayee took no money for the film". The Times of India. 28 September 2012. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
- ^ "Home :: Dhaka University".
- ^ "University of Chittagong".
- ^ "Masterda Surya Sen Metro Station Kolkata". routemaps.info. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
External links[edit]
- 1894 births
- 1934 deaths
- 20th-century executions by the United Kingdom
- Bengali people
- Executed Indian people
- Executed revolutionaries
- History of Bangladesh
- History of West Bengal
- Indian independence activists from Bengal
- Indian revolutionaries
- People executed by British India by hanging
- People from Chittagong
- Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
- University of Calcutta alumni
- Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal
- Indian independence armed struggle activists
- Krishnath College alumni