Oread
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In Greek mythology, an Oread (/ˈɔːriˌæd, ˈɔːriəd/; Ancient Greek: Ὀρειάς, romanized: Oreiás, stem Ὀρειάδ-, Oreiád-, Latin: Oreas/Oread-, from ὄρος, 'mountain') or Orestiad (/ɔːˈrɛstiˌæd, -iəd/; Ὀρεστιάδες, Orestiádes) is a mountain nymph. They differ from each other according to their dwelling: the Idaeae were from Mount Ida, Peliades from Mount Pelion, etc. They were associated with Artemis, since the goddess, when she went out hunting, preferred mountains and rocky precipices.
The term itself appears to be Hellenistic, first attested in Bion of Smyrna's Ἐπιτάφιος Ἀδώνιδος and thus post-Classical.[1]
List of Oreads[edit]
The number of Oreads includes but is not limited to:
| Name | Location | Relations and Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Britomartis | Mount Dicte, Crete | |
| Chelone | changed by Hermes into a tortoise | |
| Claea | Mount Calathion, Messenia | [2] |
| Cyllene | Mount Cyllene, Arcadia | [3] |
| Daphnis | Mount Parnassos | [4] |
| Echo | Mount Cithaeron, Boeotia | loved Narcissus[5] |
| Eidothea | Mount Othrys, Malis | was loved by Poseidon[citation needed] |
| The Idaeae | Mount Ida, Crete | [6] |
| • Adrasteia | ||
| • Cynosura | ||
| • Helike | ||
| • Ida | ||
| Nomia | Mount Nomia, Arcadia | a friend of Callisto[7] |
| Oenone | ||
| Othreis | Mount Othrys, Malis | [8] |
| Penelope | ||
| Phigalia | ||
| Pitys | loved by Pan[9] | |
| Sinoe | Mount Sinoe, Arcadia | nurse of Pan[10] |
| Sose | loved by Hermes | |
| The Sphragitides or Cithaeronides | Mount Cithaeron, Boeotia | [11] |
Honours[edit]
- Mount Oread in Lawrence, Kansas
- Oread Lake in Antarctica
Notes[edit]
- ^ Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon s.v. text at Perseus project
- ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece 3.26.11.
- ^ Bibliotheca 3.8.1
- ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece 10.5.5.
- ^ Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 970
- ^ Bibliotheca 1.4.5; Hyginus, De Astronomica, 2.2.
- ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece 8.38.0
- ^ Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses 13.
- ^ Propertius, Elegies 1. 18
- ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 8.30.2.
- ^ Plutarch, Life of Aristides 11. 3; Pausanias, Description of Greece 9.3.9.
References[edit]
- Antoninus Liberalis, The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis translated by Francis Celoria (Routledge 1992). Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Plutarch. Lives, Volume II: Themistocles and Camillus. Aristides and Cato Major. Cimon and Lucullus. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin. Loeb Classical Library No. 47. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1914. ISBN 978-0-674-99053-1. Online version at Harvard University Press. Aristides at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae in The Complete Greek Drama, vol. 2. Eugene O'Neill, Jr. New York. Random House. 1938. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Hyginus, Gaius Julius, De Astronomica, in The Myths of Hyginus, edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960. Online version at ToposText.
- Liddell, Henry George, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie, Clarendon Press Oxford, 1940. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Pausanias, Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Propertius, Elegies Edited and translated by G. P. Goold. Loeb Classical Library 18. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1990. Online version at Harvard University Press.