Translingual [ edit ]
Alternative forms [ edit ]
In Traditional Chinese , Japanese kyūjitai , Korean hanja and Vietnamese Hán Nôm , the component for this character is written with 廿 on top. Note that the bottom portion is written 口 overlapped by 夫 and not 中 on top of 天 .
In Japanese shinjitai , the component is written with 艹 on top and has one stroke less. Due to Han unification , both traditional Chinese and Japanese shinjitai forms are encoded under the same code point . The appearance of this character will differ depending on the font used.
In Simplified Chinese , the component is simplified to 又 instead, giving the character 汉 (U+6C49
).
Two compatibility ideographs exist for this character. U+FA47
corresponds to the kyūjitai form of this character while U+FA9A
corresponds to the alternative form used in North Korea which is similar to Japanese shinjitai.
Han character [ edit ]
漢 (Kangxi radical 85, 水 +11 in Chinese and Korean , 水+10 in Japanese , 14 strokes in Chinese and Korean , 13 strokes in Japanese , cangjie input 水廿中人 (ETLO ), four-corner 34134 or 34185 , composition ⿰氵 ⿱廿 ⿻口 夫 (G H T K V or U+FA47
) or ⿰氵 𦰩 (J or U+FA9A
))
Derived characters [ edit ]
Related characters [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
KangXi: page 646 , character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18068
Dae Jaweon: page 1055, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1713, character 9
Unihan data for U+6F22
Chinese [ edit ]
Wikipedia has articles on:
漢 (Written Standard Chinese? ) 漢 (Cantonese) 漢 (Classical) 漢 (Gan) Hàn (Min Nan)
Glyph origin [ edit ]
Old Chinese
儺
*naːl
臡
*naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆
*n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘
*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹
*n̥ʰaːn
攤
*n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱
*n̥ʰaːn
歎
*n̥ʰaːns
難
*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵
*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯
*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢
*hnaːns
戁
*rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 , OC *hnaːns ): semantic 氵 ( “ water ” ) + phonetic 𦰩 ( ) – name of a river.
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
漢
Reading #
1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
hàn
Middle Chinese
‹ xanH ›
Old Chinese
/*n̥ˁar-s/ (W dialect: *n̥- > MC x-, *-r > *-n)
English
(river name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
漢
Reading #
1/1
No.
4905
Phonetic component
暵
Rime group
元
Rime subdivision
1
Corresponding MC rime
漢
Old Chinese
/*hnaːns/
Definitions [ edit ]
漢
( ~水 , ~江 ) Han River , a tributary of the Yangtze
漢 口 / 汉 口 ― Hàn kǒu ― Hankou (literally, “mouth of the Han”)
( literary ) the Milky Way
(~朝 ) Han Dynasty
Han ethnicity; Han Chinese
總 期 人民 安堵 ,海宇 乂安 ,仍 合 滿 、漢 、蒙 、回 、藏 五 族 完全 領土 為 一 大 中華民國 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 总 期 人民 安堵 ,海宇 乂安 ,仍 合 满 、汉 、蒙 、回 、藏 五 族 完全 领土 为 一 大 中华民国 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: Feb 1912 , 清室退位詔書 (Imperial Edict of the Abdication of the Qing Emperor )Zǒng qī rénmín āndǔ, hǎiyǔ yì'ān, réng hé Mǎn, Hàn , Méng, Huí, Zàng wǔ zú wánquán lǐngtǔ wéi yī dà Zhōnghuá Mínguó. [Pinyin] [S]uch that peace may be assured and restored to the people and country, all while retaining the complete territorial integrity of the lands of the five races—Manchu, Han , Mongol, Hui, and Tibetan—which shall combine to form a great Republic of China.
man ; guy ; bloke
好漢 / 好汉 ― hǎohàn ― brave man; true man
husband
( ~江 ) Han River , the fourth-longest river on the Korean peninsula
Short for 漢語 /汉语 (Hànyǔ , “Chinese language ”).
A surname .
See also [ edit ]
Dynasties (朝代 ) in Chinese history
Name
Time period
Divisions
Xia 夏 (~朝 , ~代 )
2070 – 1600 B.C.E.
Shang 商 (~朝 , ~代 ) 殷 (~朝 , ~代 )
1600 – 1046 B.C.E.
Zhou 周 (~朝 , ~代 )
1046 – 256 B.C.E.
Western Zhou 西周
Eastern Zhou 東周 /东周
Spring and Autumn period 春秋
Warring States period 戰國 /战国
Qin 秦 (~朝 , ~代 )
221 – 206 B.C.E.
Han 漢 /汉 (~朝 , ~代 )
206 B.C.E. – 220 C.E.
Western Han 西漢 /西汉
Xin 新 (~朝 )
Eastern Han 東漢 /东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國 /三国
220 – 280 C.E.
Wei 魏
Shu 蜀
Wu 吳 /吴
Jin 晉 /晋 (~朝 , ~代 )
265 – 420 C.E.
Western Jin 西晉 /西晋
Eastern Jin 東晉 /东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝
420 – 589 C.E.
Northern dynasties 北朝
Northern Wei 北魏
Western Wei 西魏
Eastern Wei 東魏 /东魏
Northern Zhou 北周
Northern Qi 北齊 /北齐
Southern dynasties 南朝
Liu Song 劉宋 /刘宋
Southern Qi 南齊 /南齐
Liang 梁 (~朝 , ~代 )
Chen 陳 /陈 (~朝 , ~代 )
Sui 隋 (~朝 , ~代 )
581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (~朝 , ~代 )
618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 /五代十国
907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼 /辽 (~朝 , ~代 )
907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (~朝 , ~代 )
960 – 1279 C.E.
Northern Song 北宋
Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏
1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (~朝 , ~代 )
1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼 /西辽
1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (~朝 , ~代 )
1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (~朝 , ~代 )
1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (~朝 , ~代 )
1636 – 1912 C.E.
Compounds [ edit ]
Descendants [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
Japanese [ edit ]
漢
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji )
Sino- , China
man
Readings [ edit ]
Compounds [ edit ]
Etymology 1 [ edit ]
Alternative spelling
漢 ( kyūjitai )
From Middle Chinese 漢 (MC hɑnH ), in reference to the Han Chinese ethnic group.
The sense of man arose from usage in Chinese to differentiate between the “civilized ” people of the Han Chinese ethnicity versus other ethnic groups.
漢( かん ) • (kan )
man
さらに悟( ご ) 上( じょう ) に得( とく ) 悟( ご ) する漢( かん ) あり、迷( めい ) 中( ちゅう ) 又( う ) 迷( めい ) の漢( かん ) あり。 Sara ni gojō ni tokugo suru kan ari, meichū umei no kan ari. Moreover, some men achieve enlightenment and further enlightenment, and some men achieve confusion and further confusion.
Derived terms [ edit ]
Derived terms
悪( あっ ) 漢( かん ) ( akkan ) , 凶( きょう ) 漢( かん ) , 兇( きょう ) 漢( かん ) ( kyōkan , “ villain ” )
快( かい ) 漢( かん ) ( kaikan ) , 好( こう ) 漢( かん ) ( kōkan , “ fine man” )
怪( かい ) 漢( かん ) ( kaikan , “ suspicious person” )
巨( きょ ) 漢( かん ) ( kyokan , “ giant ” )
硬( こう ) 骨( こつ ) 漢( かん ) ( kōkotsu-kan , “ man of principle ” )
酔( すい ) 漢( かん ) ( suikan , “ drunkard ” )
大( だい ) 食( しょく ) 漢( かん ) ( daishoku-kan , “ glutton ” )
痴( ち ) 漢( かん ) ( chikan , “ molester ” )
熱( ねっ ) 血( けつ ) 漢( かん ) ( nekketsu-kan , “ hot-blooded person” )
暴( ぼう ) 漢( かん ) ( bōkan , “ hoodlum , ruffian ” )
木( ぼく ) 石( せき ) 漢( かん ) ( bokuseki-kan , “ unfeeling or callous person” )
没( ぼつ ) 分( ぶん ) 暁( ぎょう ) 漢( かん ) ( botsubungyō-kan , “ blockhead , obstinate person” )
門( もん ) 外( がい ) 漢( かん ) ( mongai-kan , “ outsider ” )
冷( れい ) 血( けつ ) 漢( かん ) ( reiketsu-kan , “ cold-blooded person” )
Proper noun [ edit ]
漢( かん ) • (Kan )
the name of China during the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE )
name of various Chinese dynasties
the 西漢 ( Saikan , “ Western Han ” ) or 前漢 ( Zenkan , “ Former Han ” ) (206 BCE – 9 CE )
the 東漢 ( Tōkan , “ Eastern Han ” ) or 後漢 ( Gokan , “ Later Han ” ) (25–220 CE )
the 蜀漢 ( Shokkan , “ Shu Han ” ) (221-263)
the 成漢 ( Seikan , “ Cheng Han ” ) (304–347)
the 南漢 ( Nankan , “ Southern Han ” ) (917–971)
the 後漢 ( Kōkan , “ Later Han ” ) (947–951)
the 北漢 ( Hokukan , “ Northern Han ” ) (951–979)
the Han Chinese people
the Han River , a tributary of the Yangtze
( by extension from the "river" sense ) the Milky Way
Synonyms: 天漢 ( Tenkan ) , 天河 ( Tenga ) , 銀漢 ( Ginkan ) , 銀河 ( Ginga ) , 天の川 ( Ama-no-gawa )
alternative name for 漢中 ( Kanchū , “ Hanzhong ” )
a surname
Derived terms [ edit ]
Etymology 2 [ edit ]
Alternative spelling
漢 ( kyūjitai )
From Old Japanese .
Originally referred to the Gaya confederacy , an independent state in the south of the Korean peninsula in the years 42-562 CE. Over time, the meaning extended to refer in general to the Korean peninsula and China, expanding further just before and during the Edo period to refer to foreign lands in general.[1] [2]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Alternative forms [ edit ]
( usually China in the Tang dynasty , and foreign lands in general ) : 唐
( usually Korea ) : 韓
( specifically the Gaya confederacy ) : 加羅 , 伽羅 , 迦羅
漢( から ) • (kara- )
element in compounds, referring to things imported from China or Korea, or from other foreign lands
漢詩( からうた ) 、唐歌( からうた ) 、唐( から ) 揚( あ ) げ 、漢音( からごえ ) karauta, karauta, karaage, karagoe Chinese-style poetry (as opposed to formal waka Japanese-style poetry), Chinese-style poetry, deep-fried chicken or fish (a style introduced by Europeans in the 1600s), “Chinese voice” → the kan'on or Chinese-derived reading for a character
Derived terms [ edit ]
漢( から ) • (kara )
( historical ) shortly before and during the Edo period , foreign lands in general
Proper noun [ edit ]
漢( から ) • (Kara )
the Gaya confederacy
( archaic ) the Korean peninsula
( archaic ) China , especially during the Han dynasty
Derived terms [ edit ]
Etymology 3 [ edit ]
Alternative spelling
漢 ( kyūjitai )
From Old Japanese , in reference to clans purportedly originating from China.[1] [3] [2] Appears to be cognate with 文 / 紋 / 綾 / 絢 ( aya , “ a pattern or design; a pattern of diagonally interweaving lines; twill; how something fits together, the reason or background of a thing; skillful expression in color or words; melody, tune ” ) , possibly in distant reference to technologies and cultural practices brought to Japan by the original Chinese immigrants.
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Proper noun [ edit ]
漢( あや ) • (Aya )
short for 漢氏 ( Aya uji ) : name of one of two ancient clans, purportedly descendants from Han Chinese , and notable historically for major achievements in fields including literature , diplomacy , and finance , among others
東漢 ( Yamato no Aya )
西漢 ( Kawachi no Aya )
Derived terms [ edit ]
Etymology 4 [ edit ]
Alternative spelling
漢 ( kyūjitai )
Rare alternative spelling for 男 ( otoko , “ man ” ) , from usage in Chinese to differentiate between the “civilized ” people of the Han Chinese ethnicity versus other ethnic groups.
See the 男 entry for the derivation of the reading.
Pronunciation [ edit ]
漢( おとこ ) • (otoko ) ←をとこ ( wotoko ) ?
( slang ) Rare spelling of 男 ( “ man ” ) .
漢( おとこ ) は背( せ ) 中( なか ) で人( じん ) 生( せい ) を語( かた ) る!キミのベストポーズでスーパーアピール‼Otoko wa senaka de jinsei o kataru! Kimi no besuto pōzu de sūpā apīru‼Men show what life is with their backs! Strike your best pose to drive home your point!!
References [ edit ]
↑ 1.0 1.1 1988 , 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Shogakukan
↑ 2.0 2.1 1995 , 大辞泉 (Daijisen ) (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Shogakukan , →ISBN
↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 2006 , 大辞林 (Daijirin ) , Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Sanseidō , →ISBN
↑ 4.0 4.1 1997 , 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten ) , Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Sanseidō , →ISBN
^ 1998 , NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary ) (in Japanese), Tōkyō : NHK , →ISBN
Etymology [ edit ]
From Middle Chinese 漢 (MC hɑnH ).
Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun , 1448
한〮 (Yale : hán )
Middle Korean
Text
Eumhun
Gloss (hun )
Reading
Gwangju Cheonjamun , 1575
하ᄂᆞᆯ (Yale : hanol )
한 (Yale : han )
Pronunciation [ edit ]
(SK Standard /Seoul ) IPA (key ) : [ha̠(ː)n] Phonetic hangul: [한 (ː) ] Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Wikisource
漢 (eumhun 한나라 한 ( Hannara han ) )
Hanja form? of 한 ( “ Sino- , China ” ) . [affix]
Hanja form? of 한 ( “ man ; person ” ) . [suffix]
Hanja form? of 한 ( “ Han dynasty ” ) . [proper noun]
Compounds [ edit ]
Compounds
괴한 (怪漢 , goehan )
치한 (癡漢 , chihan )
한자 (漢字 , hanja )
한강 (漢江 , Han'gang )
한서 (漢書 , hanseo )
한문 (漢文 , hanmun )
한양 (漢陽 , Hanyang )
한적 (漢籍 , hanjeok )
한인 (漢人 , hanin )
한수 (漢水 , hansu )
한시 (漢詩 , hansi )
한족 (漢族 , hanjok )
한역 (漢譯 , hanyeok )
거한 (巨漢 , geohan )
한학 (漢學 , hanhak )
한어 (漢語 , haneo )
한음 (漢音 , haneum )
문외한 (門外漢 , munoehan )
References [ edit ]
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典 . [1]
Vietnamese [ edit ]
Han character [ edit ]
漢 : Hán Nôm readings: Hán
Of or relating to China
Compounds [ edit ]
漢喃 (Hán Nôm ) Vietnamese made Chinese characters