Automotive industry in Brazil

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The Brazilian automotive industry is coordinated by the Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Anfavea), created in 1956, which includes automakers (cars, light vehicles, trucks, buses and agriculture machines) with factories in Brazil. Anfavea is part of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), based in Paris. In 2013, the annual production exceeded 3,7 million vehicles, the seventh largest in the world, although they have fallen substantially more recently.[1]

Most large global automotive companies are present in Brazil; such as BMW, BYD, Chery, Ford, Geely, General Motors, Honda, Hyundai, JAC Motors, Kia, Land Rover, Lifan, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Nissan Motors, Renault, Stellantis, Subaru, Toyota and Lexus, Volkswagen, Volvo Trucks, among others, and also the consecrated national companies such as Agrale, Marcopolo, Randon, Troller, and more. In the past there were national brands such as DKW Vemag, FNM and Gurgel. Some traditionally produced modern equipped replicas of older models.

Some companies such as Rolls Royce and Porsche, rely on local distributors to import their vehicles, but brands with local factories, such as Honda and Chevrolet may also import some of its models.

History[edit]

The first Brazilian automotive industry was the work of Henry Ford, who started the Brazilian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company in 1919. In 1921 Ford opened its own production facility and was followed by General Motors in 1926. In 1928, Ford stablished the Fordlândia, an industrial district in the Amazon rainforest. The district is no longer in use but saw a populational growth compared to the early 2000s, when roughly 90 people lived in the town.[2]

In 1956, the Romi-Isetta, an early Brazilian car, was initially produced, with license purchase of Italian Iso. In 1958, Toyota started to produce its famous Bandeirante. In 1959, the first Volkswagen factory was built, it started manufacturing the Type 2, which preceded the famous Beetle. At the same time, a Brazilian entrepreneur, Mr. Sebastiao William Cardoso, started producing an electrical small jeep called Tupi.[citation needed]

In the late 1950s, Chevrolet and Ford started manufacturing pickup trucks, and in the 1960s, automobiles and commercial vehicles, GM also brought buses. In 1967, Puma began selling sports cars.[3][4] The Italian Fiat established its first factory in the 1970s, and Mercedes Benz started to produce trucks and buses during the 1950s, and opened an automobile factory in 1998.[5][6] These companies dominated the Brazilian market until mid-1990s, when the Brazilian market was finally opened to imports. In the 1990s, more auto companies settled and opened factories in Brazil.[7]

Currently, the most successful Brazilian auto company is General Motors.[citation needed] It sells all over Latin America. In the last few years, the Brazilian auto industry has grown quickly, attracting investments from the main global automakers. In 2007, production grew 14% compared to 2006 figures, reaching more than 4 million vehicles.[8]

In October 2012, the Inovar-Auto Program was approved by decree with the theoretical goals of encouraging automakers to produce more fuel-efficient vehicles and investing in the national automotive industry, by managing taxation exceptions (IPI = Tax over Industrialized Product). However, the program has received criticism, especially of protectionism. The country has recently lost a WTO dispute against tax advantages and illegal practices of protectionism.[9] The Inovar-Auto program ended in December 2017 and was replaced by the Route 2030 Program.[10]

Timeline[edit]

1890s[edit]

1900s[edit]

  • 1903 (1903): First registered automobile, which belonged to Francisco Matarazzo, registered in São Paulo, with the first license plate, P-1.[11]
  • 1904 (1904): First Ford sold in the country was the Model A, imported by Ford representative William T. Right.[13][14]
  • 1907: Dumont founded the Automóvel Clube do Brasil (ACDB) and fought for safety regulations. President Affonso Pena was the first Brazilian President to be transported in a motor vehicle, from Charron, Girardot et Voigt.[15]
  • 1908–1909: The first car trip from Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo occurred on 7 March, conducted by the Count of Lesdain, Jacques Bouly de Lesdain, his wife and two drivers; they travelled 700 km (430 miles) in 33 days, aboard a Brasier.[16][17] Bouly de Lesdain also climbed the Corcovado. Inspired by the idea, the brothers Paulo and Antônio Prado decided to go from São Paulo to Santos, the route was completed in 37 hours, on a Motobloc. The trip to Santos is considered the ground zero of road development in Brazil;[18] Independent importers start bringing the Ford Model T;[14] The vehicle used by Affonso Pena was damaged, it was eventually replaced by the Renault Tybe CB.[19] In 1909, back in Brazil, Jacques Bouly de Lesdain travelled 180 km (110 miles), from São Paulo to Campinas in 25 hours.[17]

1910s[edit]

  • 1911: The first Brazilian automotive magazine, "Revista de Automóveis", was launched in Rio de Janeiro by the Automóvel Clube do Brasil, founded by Santos Dumont; the collection can be observed in the Automotive Press Museum (Miau), in São Paulo.[20]
  • 1913: The first trip by car from São Paulo to Curitiba is completed in 12 days in a Fiat vehicle.[citation needed]
  • 1917–1918: By now, the State of São Paulo had a fleet of 2.600 motor vehicles. The first female driver in São Paulo, the wife of the commander of the Port of Santos, operated her automobile under protest from traditional families.[21]
  • 1919: The first automotive industry of Brazil was implemented by Henry Ford. Ford's head office in the United States opens a statewide branch, with initial capital of US$25,000 (equivalent to $373,177 in 2020). Model T and TT trucks began to be assembled in São Paulo.[22]

1920s[edit]

  • 1921: The Brazilian Ford branch moves into its own building in the Bom Retiro neighborhood, opening its own production facility, known as Solon Plant.[23] The São Paulo-Campinas highway was inaugurated by Washington Luís,[24] the first highway built specifically for car and truck traffic.
  • 1924: The first Brazilian automotive exhibition, a predecessor of the São Paulo International Motor Show, was held by Ford, at the Palace of Industry in São Paulo, near Tamanduateí River;[23] At least 30,000 vehicles were already circulating through the country's streets.[25]
  • 1925: General Motors opened its first branch, in Ipiranga, São Paulo.[25]
  • 1926 (1926): International Harvester do Brasil, a truck manufacturer, was founded. It was the first automaker in the commercial vehicle segment to establish itself in the country.[26][citation needed]
  • 1927: The rapid expansion of production and sales led General Motors do Brasil to acquire a vast area in São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo. On 24 September 1927, bricks began to be laid on site. Two years later, in October 1929, the factory was operational.[25]
  • 1928: The Ford Model A, successor to the Model T, arrives in Brazil. Henry Ford created Fordlândia, a typical American village with 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi) in the middle of the Amazon rainforest in Pará.[23]

1930s[edit]

  • 1930: Ford was followed by concurrent General Motors with the assembly of the first Chevrolet cars in São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, there until today, at Avenida Goiás.[2]
  • 1934: With the end of Fordlândia, Ford exchanged part of the land for another area, called Belterra where 3.2 million rubber trees were planted, followed by US$8 million in investments;[27] GM produced the first bus body made in Brazil, made of wood.[25]
  • 1939 (1939): Massey-Harris opened a branch in Porto Alegre. Its agricultural machinery carried out the first mechanized rice harvest in Brazil; The São Paulo-Santos highway was named Via Anchieta.[28]

1940s[edit]

  • 1940 (1940): The Interlagos Circuit was inaugurated; The first trip from São Paulo to Fortaleza, by car was completed in a Chevrolet in 25 days.[28]
  • 1941 (1941): The General Motors and Ford plants, as well as those of other manufacturers, were submitted to the military command and started to assemble war vehicles with some companies producing components by their headquarters and supplied to Brazil under loan; Foundation of the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN), in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, foundry and iron works serving local steel to own country industry, not depending in imported goods, suffered by WWII; The Fábrica Nacional de Motores (FNM) is, officially, the first Brazilian company in the automotive sector. Created by Getúlio Vargas, the state-owned company had its headquarters in Xerém, Duque de Caxias, operations began only a few years later, due to the difficulties caused by the Second World War.[29]
  • 1945 (1945): Studebaker Automobile Distributor founded, which gave rise to Vemag. [28]
  • 1948 (1948): General Motors produced the first all-metal bus body with domestic raw material from CSN.[25]

1950s[edit]

  • 1950 (1950): FNM signed an agreement to produce trucks with Alfa Romeo.[28]
  • 1951 (1951): The Associação da Indústria de Peças para Automóveis e Similares was founded, the embryo of the Sindicato Nacional de Componentes para Veículos Automotores (Sindipeças).[28]
  • 1952 (1952): The Subcommittee for Jeeps, Tractors, Trucks, and Automobiles was established for the purpose of facilitating investments in the automotive industry; Willys Overland was founded.[28]
  • 1953 (1953): Volkswagen do Brasil was founded and assembly began in Ipiranga neighborhood; Mercedes-Benz was founded in Via Anchieta; The importation of completely built units (CBU) became prohibited, to protect the local market; Petrobras, main local fuel supplier and producer was founded and implemented, during Juscelino Kubitscheck President Campaign; Ford inaugurated a manufacturing plant in Ipiranga.[28]
  • 1954 (1954): Caterpillar established in Santo Amaro, São Paulo, with a warehouse for marketing, manufacturing and stocking components and parts.[28]
  • 1955 (1955): Founded the Associação Profissional dos Fabricantes de Tratores, Caminhões, Automóveis e Veículos Similares; First engine block cast in Brazil and Latin America, ordered by Mercedes-Benz.[28]
  • 1956 (1956): Established the Executive Group of the Automobile Industry, or GEIA, which created the legislation that allowed the automotive industrialization in Brazil; Inauguration of the Mercedes-Benz plant in São Bernardo do Campo; Romi Industries launches the Romi-Isetta; The National Association of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, (ANFAVEA) was founded.[28]
  • 1957 (1957): Volkswagen opened its biggest plant in country in São Bernardo do Campo-SP; Ford nationalized truck manufacturing; Simca was founded.[28]
  • 1958 (1958): Arrival of Toyota, one of the most important chapters in the history of the manufacturer, the company installed the brand's first operation outside Japan;[30] Willys and Ford opened their first casting plants. Scania began producing trucks; General Motors inaugurated another manufacturing plant in São Caetano do Sul.[28]
  • 1959 (1959): Volkswagen officially opens the São Bernardo do Campo plant; Scania opens a factory in Ipiranga; Karmann-Ghia founded; The National Plan for the Agricultural Tractor Industry was created to stimulate the production of agricultural vehicles.[28] At the same time, a Brazilian entrepreneur started producing an electrical small jeep called Tupi.[citation needed]

1960s[edit]

  • 1960 (1960): ANFAVEA launches the first edition of its statistical yearbook; Valmet do Brasil is founded with the inauguration of a tractor factory in Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo; The Companhia Brasileira de Tratores (CBT) was established; Ford starts producing tractors at the Ipiranga plant; Quatro Rodas magazine was launched, it has since established itself as the most important reference for the local automotive industry; The 1st São Paulo International Motor Show was held in Ibirapuera Park, São Paulo.[28]
  • 1961 (1961): The first Brazilian commercial vehicles were exported, the Mercedes-Benz O-321 was exported to Argentina and Venezuela; Massey-Ferguson inaugurated a tractor plant.[28]
  • 1962 (1962): Scania and Toyota inaugurated its factories, in São Bernardo do Campo; The Agrisa, Industria Gaúcha de Implementos Agrícolas was formed.[28]
  • 1964 (1964): The Autoesporte, one of the most important magazine's was released.[28]
  • 1965 (1965): The first wave of affordable vehicles, with lower price and tax was released by DKW-Vemag, Willys and Volkswagen models; Agrisa was acquired and renamed to Agrale; The São Paulo Vehicle Dealers’ Association came to be national in scope, becoming the Brazilian Association for Authorized Vehicle Resale (Abrave) afterwards known as Fenabrave.[28]
  • 1966 (1966): Willys inaugurated Jaboatão dos Guararapes plant in Pernambuco, the first manufacturing plant in the northeast region of Brazil; Chrysler was established after Simca's purchase.[28]
  • 1967 (1967) – 1969: Volkswagen purchased Vemag; Tratores Fiat was founded, Alfa Romeo acquired FNM and Puma began selling sports cars.[31] Chrysler started the production in Brazil; Gurgel Motores was founded.[28]

1970s[edit]

  • 1970 (1970): The 7th annual São Paulo International Motor Show was held at Anhembi Convention Center, in São Paulo.[28]
  • 1972 (1972): The Ford 'Engine and Foundry Factory' was inaugurated, Ford's President, Joseph W. O'Neill, announced more than US$400 million (equivalent to $2.4 billion in 2020) in investments for the expansion of the company's activities in Brazil.[32]
  • 1975 (1975): Anfavea opened its headquarters in São Paulo. Komatsu established itself with a tractor manufacturing plant, in Suzano, São Paulo. New Holland opened a plant in Curitiba, Paraná.[28] The National Alcohol Program (Proálcool) was created, the main objective of the program was to become less dependent on petroleum.[33][34]
  • 1976 (1976): Fiat established its first factory, in Betim, Minas Gerais. Fiat acquired the remaining shares of Alfa Romeo and unveiled new trucks, manufactured in the old FNM branches in Xerém. Caterpillar inaugurated plant in Piracicaba, São Paulo. Volkswagen opened a manufacturing plant in Taubaté. Ford tractor factory was inaugurated.[28][32]
  • 1978 (1978): The Brazilian automotive industry reached the historic mark of a million units manufactured in a single year. Labor movements were responsible for the first strikes in the metal works industry in São Paulo.[28]
  • 1979 (1979): Volvo began producing buses and engines. Caoa, a Ford distributor, was founded. Mercedes-Benz opened a bus manufacturing plant in Campinas.[28] The "Lei Ferrari" (Ferrari Law), which regulates vehicle commercial concession and distribution, came into effect. The law establishes equality in sale price of vehicles and parts to dealers.[35] In 2012, government representatives highlighted that the so-called "Ferrari Law", was one of the main obstacles to reducing car prices and prevents increased competition in the automotive market.[36]

1980s[edit]

  • 1980 (1980): Volvo opened a plant in Curitiba and began manufacturing trucks. Volkswagen purchased Chrysler.[28]
  • 1981 (1981): Volkswagen began producing trucks in Resende, Rio de Janeiro. Agrale began manufacturing trucks and motorcycles.[28]
  • 1986 (1986): Ford purchased New Holland. Proconve, the Automotive Vehicle Air Pollution Control Program was created.[28]
  • 1987 (1987): Ford and Volkswagen merged to create the Autolatina; Anfavea opened an office in Brasília.[28]
  • 1989 (1989): Volkswagen launched the first vehicle with electronic fuel injection, at the local market, the Gol GTi.[28]

1990s[edit]

  • 1990 (1990): Fiat, Ford, General Motors and Volkswagen dominated the car market until mid-90s, and Mercedes-Benz, Scania and Volvo, the truck market in same period, when the Brazilian market was closed for imports;[citation needed] More auto companies settled and opened factories in Brazil, including Nissan, Renault, Peugeot, Citroën, Honda, Hyundai, Mitsubishi, Chrysler, BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Audi;[37] Fiat acquired Ford's tractor operations; Agrale opened further factory in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul; AGCO emerged with the acquisition of Deutz Allis, which belonged to the German group KHD.[28]
  • 1991 (1991): Mitsubishi began operations, designating a representative that began importing pickup trucks. Land Rover began operating with imported vehicles.Citroën provided accreditation to an importer.[28]
  • 1992 (1992): Honda began further automotive activity in Brazil, importing vehicles and aggregating the motorcycles production in its factory, in Manaus, Amazonas; Peugeot became associated with a importation representative; Renault designated a representative and began importing some models; The 1st Automotive Sectoral Agreement was created.[28]
  • 1993 (1993): Nissan began activities with the importation of some models; Audi designated a representative to import its vehicles; The 2nd Automotive Sectoral Agreement was created; The "Carro Popular" program was started.[28]
  • 1994 (1994): Anfavea inaugurated the Documentation Center for Brazilian Automotive Industry (Cedoc); The 1st Agriculture Fair (Agrishow) was held in Ribeirão Preto; Hyundai designated a representative to Brazil.[28]
  • 1995 (1995): Creation of the 3rd Automotive Sector Agreement; BMW took over the operation of imported vehicles, as BMW do Brasil.[28]
  • 1996 (1996): AGCO acquired Iochpe-Maxion and Massey Ferguson in Brazil; Volkswagen inaugurated an engine manufacturing plant in São Carlos, São Paulo. Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus opened another factory in Resende producing the local engineered Constellation truck segment;[28]
  • 1997 (1997): Honda opened a factory in Sumaré and introduced the local-made Civic; Case Tractors inaugurated a manufacturing plant in Piracicaba; Peugeot Citroën do Brasil was formed; Komatsu inaugurated its second plant, in Arujá, São Paulo.[28]
  • 1998 (1998): Renault opened a plant in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná; Mitsubishi inaugurates a manufacturing plant in Catalão, Goiás; Toyota opened a plant in Sumaré and introduced the locally-manufactured Corolla; Chrysler inaugurated a factory plant in Campo Largo, Paraná; Land Rover signed sn agreement with Karmann-Ghia and to began operating in São Bernardo do Campo; Caoa took over the representation of Subaru.[28]
  • 1999 (1999): Volkswagen and Audi opened factories in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná; Mercedes-Benz opened a factory in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais; Fiat Industrial acquired the CNH Global, creating the CNH Industrial; Caoa began representing Hyundai.[28]

2000s[edit]

  • 2000 (2000): General Motors opened a manufacturing plant in Gravataí; Iveco inaugurated a factory in Minas Gerais.[28]
  • 2001 (2001): Ford opened a factory in Camaçari, Bahia; PSA Group opened Peugeot Citroën plant in Porto Real, Rio de Janeiro; Nissan began production in Brazil at the Renault factory in São José dos Pinhais.[28]
  • 2003 (2003): Ford unveiled the EcoSport, introducing the compact SUV market segment in Brazil; AGCO purchased Valtr, formerly Valmet.[28]
  • 2005 (2005): For the first time flex-fuel vehicles sold more than gasoline vehicles, with a total of 753,000 units against 647,000 units, respectively; Audi took control over the importation operations.[28]
  • 2007 (2007): Caoa opened factory in Anapolis; Domestic production grew 14% compared to 2006 figures, reaching more than 4 million vehicles.[38]
  • 2006 (2006) – 2009: ANFAVEA celebrates 50 years;[28] Caoa opened factory in Anapolis; Domestic production grew 14% compared to 2006 figures, reaching more than 4 million vehicles;[39] Fiat and Chrysler signed a global agreement creating the FCA.[28]

2010s[edit]

  • 2010 (2010) – 2011: CNH Industrial opened factory in Sorocaba, São Paulo; Caterpillar inaugurated a plant in Campo Largo, Paraná; The Brazilian automotive industry reached the mark of 10 million flex-fuel vehicles produced; DAF Trucks (DAF Caminhões) established in Brazil.[28]
  • 2012 (2012): General Motors opened a manufacturing plant in Joinville, Santa Catarina; Hyundai inaugurated a manufacturing plant in Piracicaba; Toyota opened a factory in Sorocaba; On October, the Inovar-Auto program was approved by decree with the theoretical goals of encouraging automakers to produce more fuel efficient vehicles and investing in the national automotive industry, by managing taxation exceptions (IPI = tax over industrialized product). However, the program has received criticism, especially of protectionism; Recently, Brazil lost a WTO dispute against tax advantages and illegal practices of protectionism.[40][28]
  • 2013 (2013) – 2015: DAF Caminhões inaugurated a manufacturing plant in Ponta Grossa, Paraná; CNH Industrial was created after a merger between Fiat Industrial and CNH Global; BMW opened a manufacturing plant in Araquari, Santa Catarina; Nissan opened a factory in Resende; Agrale inaugurated chassis manufacturing plant in São Mateus, São Paulo. FCA inaugurated Jeep assembly plant in Goiana, Pernambuco.[28]
  • 2016 (2016) – 2018: Jaguar Land Rover opened a manufacturing plant in Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro; Mercedes-Benz opened a plant in Campinas and Iracemápolis; The annual São Paulo International Motor Show took place at the São Paulo Expo for the first time; ANFAVEA elected to participate in the board of the International Organization of Vehicle Manufacturers, the OICA; Toyota inaugurated an engine manufacturing plant in Porto Feliz, São Paulo; The 21st edition of Fenatran was held at the São Paulo Expo; Caoa Group and Chery signed an agreement forming Caoa Chery; Decree of the Route 2030 Program signed with the then-president Michel Temer.[28]
  • 2019 (2019): Honda opened a manufacturing plant in Itirapina, São Paulo; Toyota introduced the Corolla, the world's first hybrid flex-fuel vehicle;[28] Between 1957 and 2019 more than 84,4 million motor vehicles and 2,77 million trucks were produced in Brazil.[41]

2020s[edit]

  • 2020 (2020): Vehicle production drops to 1957 levels due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[28]
  • 2021 (2021): Great Wall Motors (GWM) bought the Mercedes-Benz factory in Iracemápolis; Troller was closed by Ford; Creation of the Stellantis Group, merger of PSA and FCA.[28]
  • 2022 (2022): GWM officially opened the factory on January 2022, promoting electric SUVs and pickup trucks.

The lasts two years, 2020 and 2021, due economic impact decrescent from the disease COVID-19, the chip-shortage in car factories and government reasons, the production backed to similar as year 2016.[citation needed]

Historical production by year[edit]

Year Quantity < 0.5  0.5 – 1 millions 1 – 2 millions 2 – 3 millions 3 – 4 millions > 4 millions
1950 –  
1960 133,000    
1970 416,089    
1980 1,165,174    
1990 914,466    
2000 1,681,517    
2005 2,530,840    
2006 2,611,034    
2007 2,970,818    
2008 3,220,475    
2009 3,182,617    
2010 3,381,728    
2011 3,406,150    
2012 3,402,508    
2013 3,712,380    
2014 3,364,890    
2015 2,429,463    
2016 2,157,379    
2017 2,699,672
2018 2,880,724
2019 2,944,962
2020 2.014.055  
2021 2,248,253  

Historical sales[edit]

Top 10 best-selling models in Brazil (new passenger and commercial vehicles), 1977–2021
Source : BSCB,[42] Fenabrave[43]
Table indicators

  Mini (A) / Small (B) Car        Medium (C) / Large (D) Car        Executive (E) / Sports (S) Car        Coupé utility / Pickup        Crossover / SUV (J)        Van

Year Models and Ranking Year
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
1977 Volkswagen Fusca Volkswagen Brasilia Volkswagen Passat Ford Corcel Chevrolet Chevette Fiat 147 not available 1977
1978 Volkswagen Fusca Volkswagen Brasilia Fiat 147 Volkswagen Passat Chevrolet Chevette Ford Corcel not available 1978
1979 Volkswagen Fusca Volkswagen Brasilia Fiat 147 Volkswagen Passat Chevrolet Chevette Ford Corcel not available 1979
1980–1987 not available
1988 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Monza Ford Escort Chevrolet Chevette Fiat Uno Volkswagen Voyage Volkswagen Santana Volkswagen Parati Ford Del Rey Chevrolet Opala 1988
1989 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Monza Ford Escort Fiat Uno Chevrolet Chevette Volkswagen Santana Volkswagen Parati Volkswagen Voyage Chevrolet Kadett Chevrolet D-20 1989
1990 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Monza Volkswagen Parati Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Voyage Ford Verona Ford Escort Chevrolet Chevette Volkswagen Santana 1990
1991 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Monza Ford Escort Chevrolet Kadett Ford Verona Volkswagen Parati Volkswagen Apollo Volkswagen Santana Chevrolet Chevette 1991
1992 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Monza Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Parati Ford Escort Chevrolet Chevette Volkswagen Santana Ford Verona Fiat Tempra 1992
1993 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Ford Escort Chevrolet Kadett Chevrolet Monza Volkswagen Logus Volkswagen Parati Chevrolet Chevette Fiat Tempra Volkswagen Santana 1993
1994 Fiat Uno Volkswagen Gol Ford Escort Fiat Tipo Chevrolet Corsa Chevrolet Monza Chevrolet Kadett Fiat Tempra Volkswagen Logus Volkswagen Parati 1994
1995 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Corsa Ford Escort Fiat Tipo Volkswagen Golf Fiat Tempra Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Santana Chevrolet Monza 1995
1996 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) Fiat Palio Ford Escort Ford Fiesta Chevrolet Vectra Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Santana Fiat Tempra 1996
1997 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Chevrolet Vectra Volkswagen Parati Ford Ka Volkswagen Kombi Fiat Palio Weekend 1997
1998 Volkswagen Gol not available 1998
1999 Volkswagen Gol not available 1999
2000 Volkswagen Gol not available 2000
2001 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) Ford Fiesta Fiat Palio Weekend Fiat Siena Volkswagen Golf 2001
2002 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Corsa Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Renault Clio Peugeot 206 Chevrolet Astra Fiat Siena 2002
2003 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Corsa Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Renault Clio Fiat Siena Chevrolet Astra Toyota Corolla 2003
2004 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Chevrolet Corsa Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Volkswagen Fox Fiat Siena Chevrolet Astra Ford EcoSport 2004
2005 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Corsa Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Volkswagen Fox Ford EcoSport Fiat Siena Fiat Strada 2005
2006 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Fiat Siena Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Ford EcoSport Fiat Strada 2006
2007 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Fiat Siena Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Fiat Strada Chevrolet Prisma 2007
2008 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Chevrolet Celta Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Honda Civic Ford Ka 2008
2009 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Volkswagen Voyage Ford Ka 2009
2010 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Fiat Palio Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Ford Ka 2010
2011 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Strada Fiat Palio Fiat Siena Volkswagen Voyage Ford Fiesta (Hatch) 2011
2012 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Fiat Palio Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Celta Fiat Strada Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Fiat Siena Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Renault Sandero 2012
2013 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Fiat Palio Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Renault Sandero 2013
2014 Fiat Palio Volkswagen Gol Fiat Strada Chevrolet Onix not available Hyundai HB20 not available 2014
2015 Chevrolet Onix Fiat Palio Hyundai HB20 Fiat Strada Ford Ka (Hatch) Volkswagen Gol not available 2015
2016 Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Ford Ka (Hatch) Chevrolet Prisma Toyota Corolla Fiat Palio Renault Sandero Volkswagen Gol Fiat Strada Honda HR-V 2016[44]
2017 Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Ford Ka (Hatch) Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Prisma Renault Sandero Toyota Corolla Fiat Strada Fiat Mobi Fiat Toro 2017
2018 Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Ford Ka (Hatch) Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Prisma Volkswagen Polo Renault Kwid Fiat Strada Fiat Argo Jeep Compass 2018
2019 Chevrolet Onix Ford Ka (Hatch) Hyundai HB20 Renault Kwid Volkswagen Gol Fiat Argo Fiat Strada Chevrolet Prisma Volkswagen Polo Jeep Renegade 2019[45]
2020 Chevrolet Onix (Hatch) Ford Ka (Hatch) Hyundai HB20 Chevrolet Onix Plus Fiat Strada Volkswagen Gol Fiat Argo Volkswagen T-Cross Jeep Renegade Fiat Toro 2020[46]
2021 Fiat Strada Hyundai HB20 Fiat Argo Jeep Renegade Chevrolet Onix (Hatch) Jeep Compass Fiat Toro Volkswagen Gol Fiat Mobi Hyundai Creta 2021[47]
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
See also : Best-selling models in

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers[edit]

Current[edit]

Large Passenger Vehicles Manufacturers and Importer[edit]

Motorcycle and Bicycle manufacturers (Medium and Large Production)[edit]

Bus, coach and truck manufacturers[edit]

Tractors manufacturers

Here's a link to a map containing all plants currently in Brazil: [1][2]

Independent Manufacturers[edit]

Small, Medium and Large Independent Manufacturers

  • AC3 – Antique Classic & Custom Cars[53]
  • Americar Veículos Especiais[54]
  • ART Costalonga[55]
  • Athena Auto (Partnership between Fibracar Compósitos and Scherer Automotiva)[56]
  • Autocross[57]
  • Autosfibra Réplicas (closed due to trademark Infringement in 2019)[58]
  • AutoMagrão[59]
  • Autoweld Equipamentos Elétricos e Eletrônicos[60]
  • Engeplus[61]
  • Bugrauto Auto Serviços (Recently repairing jet-ski, after buggies and prototypes)[62]
  • By Colella Veículos Especiais[63]
  • By Cristo Indústria e Comércio[64]
  • Caio STR Customs[65]
  • Calegari Design[66]
  • Newtrack Indústria e Comércio de Veículos (Formerly Camelo Metalmecânica)[67]
  • Carrah Montadora de Veículos[68]
  • Cauype[69]
  • Athos Cars (Formerly Chamonix Athos)[70]
  • Coperglass[71]
  • Cross Race[72]
  • D2D Motors (Owned by Arteb)[73]
  • Dream Maker[74]
  • Edra Veículos Especiais (Formerly Edra Automotores; utility production rights acquired by Nissin Veículos Especiais)[75]
    • Edra Aeronáutica (Aircraft pilot training, manufacture of seaplane, sale and maintenance of imported aircraft)
  • Eion[76]
  • Fábrica de Jericos San Remo[77]
  • Farina (Buggy manufacturer and reseller)[78]
  • Fibracar (Assumed Penatti line-up in 2013)[79]
  • Comércio e Indústria de Veículos Fibravan[80]
  • Fábrica Nacional de Veículos (FNV) (Not the extinct railcar manufacturer, Fábrica Nacional de Vagões)[81]
  • Free Style Veículos Especiais[82]
  • Fyber[83]
  • Gaia Electric Motors (Small electric vehicle startup)[84]
  • GRF – Route 66 Réplicas Artesanais[85]
  • K2 Concept Indústria, Comércio e Serviços Automotivos[86]
  • Kers Tecnologia em Mobilidade Sustentável (Microenterprise supported by Unioeste University and the government of the State of Parana)[87]
  • Limousine Service Brazil (LSB)[88]
  • MC Competições (Prototype manufacturer and resistance tests for foreign models, such as Audi and Volvo)[89]
  • MutoProtec (Formerly Mecplan Metalúrgica)[90]
  • Metal Nobre[91]
  • Mil Milhas Motorsport[92]
  • Miura (Currently owned by Rangel & Lima Indústria de Veículos; Formerly owned by Besson, Gobbi & Cia.)[93]
  • Mobilis (Startup focused in urban mobility solution; produced a small electric vehicle in 2017)[94]
  • Montauto – Montadora Nacional de Automóveis / BRM – Buggy Rodas e Motores (Biggest dune buggy manufacturer in Brazil)[95]
  • Kitcar Veículos Especiais (Formerly MufaCar Veículos Especiais)[96]
  • Nenê Hot Rod Assembly (NHRA)[97]
  • Personal Parts[98]
  • Puma Automóveis[99]
  • Selvagem Indústria e Comércio[100]
  • Sulam Equipamentos Esportivos[101]
  • Super Buggy[102]
  • TAC (Formerly Tecnologia Automotiva Catarinense (TAC); utility car project sold to the Chinese Zotye)
  • Tarso Marques Concept (TMC) (Founded by former Formula 1 pilot; specialized in custom jobs)[103][104]
  • VLEGA Gaucho

Former Independent, Prototype and Custom Vehicle Manufacturer[edit]

  • ABC Cobra Veículos Especiais[105]
  • AD Aeternum[106]
  • AMX[107]
  • Abais Buggy Indústria e Comércio[108]
  • Acha Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias Esportivas[109]
  • Acquatec Indústria e Comércio[110]
  • Adamo[111]
  • Adax[112]
  • Agni[113]
  • Agrale (Motorcycle division)
  • Akamine[114]
  • Alcar[115]
  • Aldee[116]
  • Alfa Romeo
  • Almenara[117]
  • Amoritz[118]
  • Andorinha[119]
  • André – Protótipos & Motor Home[120]
  • Angra Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias[121]
  • Artesanal[122]
  • Aruanda[123]
  • As Réplicas[124]
  • Aurora Projetos Automobilísticos[125]
  • Auto Drews[126]
  • Auto Mecânica Atenas[127]
  • AutoLatina
  • Autofibra[128]
  • Automotiva Usiminas (Formerly Brasinca; manufactured car body, dump container and crew-cabs for companies such as Ford, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Simca, Scania, Massey Ferguson, Volkswagen, Volvo, Chevrolet and FNM, between 1950s and mid-1990s)[129]
  • Automóveis e Motores Centaurus[130]
  • Autonova Indústria e Comércio de Veículos Especiais[131]
  • Avallone[132]
  • Avel – Apolinário Veículos[133]
  • BB Equipamentos Autoesportivos[134]
  • BM Foster[135]
  • Baja Bug Brasil Veículos[136]
  • Bandama[137]
  • Baptista & Irmãos[138]
    • Garage Baptista
  • Beach[139]
  • Beach Buggies e Lanchas (Formerly Baby Indústria de Carrocerias)[140]
  • Beep Indústria e Comércio de Peças[141]
  • Beira Rio[142]
  • Benelli
  • Bernardini
  • Besouro Veículos (Volkswagen dealer)[143]
  • Bettina[144]
  • Bianco[145]
  • Bianco & Costa[146]
  • Bobby Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias[147]
  • Boddy[148]
  • Bonneville Custom Garage[149]
  • Brandini[150]
  • BrasFibra[151]
  • Brasil Diamond[152]
  • Bravo[153]
  • Brax Automóveis (Formerly Lobini Automóveis)[154]
  • Brazilian Boat (Small vessel yard, built Porsche Spyder replica for a short period)[155]
  • Brazilian Hot Rod (Focused in importing and selling muscle cars, and components, restoring Ford Mustang and producing Shelby Cobra replicas)[156]
  • Braúna Veículos Especiais[157]
  • Brilho Comercial de Veículos[158]
  • Britz[159]
  • Bu-Kar[160]
  • Bug Rio Comércio e Reparações de Veículos[161]
  • Buggymania Veículos[162]
  • CBP Indústria, Comércio e Exportação (Closed due to Trademark infringement; bought Coyote Indústria e Comércio, a former autocross vehicle manufacturer, in the late 80s)[163][164][165]
  • CP-TS (Acronym for: Carro do Povo; based on the Passat TS)[166]
  • CR Line (closed due to trademark Infringement in 2016)[167]
  • CTA[168]
  • Caetano[169]
  • Caribe[170]
  • Carioca Réplicas[171]
  • Carpo[172]
  • Carrera[173]
  • Carrocerias Furglass Indústria e Comércio[174]
  • Carrocerias Monarca[175]
  • Carroçaria Sport[176]
  • Carwag Indústria, Comércio e Exportação[177]
  • Casella & De Lorenzo[178]
  • Casini[179]
  • Cerrado[180]
  • Charmant[181]
  • Chausson Associados Indústria e Comércio (Focused in manufacturing custom vehicles) (Operation ceased in 2007)[182]
    • Chausson Intercambiadores Térmicos (Focused on automotive radiators and industrial heat exchangers)
  • Cheetah[183]
  • Chemuniz[184]
  • Cheval Comércio e Indústria de Veículos[185]
  • Chrysler (Ceased sales; representation, concessionaires and repair shop still operational)
    • Chrysler
    • Dodge
  • Chuves Indústria e Comércio de Artefatos Plásticos e Metálicos[186]
  • Cigano[187]
  • Cintra Customs[188]
  • Classic Hot Rods[189]
  • Classic Motors Carriages do Brasil[190]
  • Coach[191]
  • Coala[192]
  • Cobrasma (Former truck chassis maker)
  • Codec Projetos Industriais de Móveis[193]
  • Comercial, Industrial, Representações, Exportações e Importações (CIREI) (Dodge and Renault manufacturer)[194]
  • Companhia Brasileira de Tratores (CBT) (Declared bankruptcy)[195]
  • Companhia Distribuidora Geral Brasmotor (Former manufacturer for Chrysler, Plymouth, Fargo and Volkswagen; currently owned by Whirlpool, produces since only refrigerators)[196]
  • Companhia Industrial Santa Matilde[197]
  • Companhia Santo Amaro de Automóveis[198]
    • Engenharia e Comércio de Automóveis (Engenauto)
  • Companhia de Expansão Auto-Industrial Veritas[199]
  • Companhia de Intercâmbio Pan-Americano (CIPAN) (Chrysler, Plymouth and Fargo representative)[200]
  • Compton Stütgart[201]
  • Conceptor[202]
  • Concorde Indústria de Automóveis Especiais[203]
  • Condor Cabriolet[204]
  • Corona S/A Viaturas e Equipamentos
  • Corsa Cross[205]
  • Coruja[206]
  • Crisna Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias[207]
  • Cronos Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento de Veículos[208]
  • Cross Way[209]
  • Curitiba Spyder[210]
  • Dacril Personalização de Veículos[211]
  • Dagh Indústria e Comércio de Veículos[212]
  • Dankar Indústria e Comércio de Veículos[213]
  • Danny[214]
  • Darié[215]
  • Decorauto[216]
  • Demoiselle Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias[217]
  • Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia (Detenc)[218]
  • Detroit Comércio e Indústria[219]
  • Diamond[220]
  • Diaseta[221]
  • Dipave[222]
  • Distribuidora de Automóveis, Caminhões e Ônibus Nacionais (Dacon) (Volkswagen and Porsche representative)[223][224]
    • Projets d'AvantGarde (PAG DACON)
  • Dock Dock[225]
  • Duna[226]
  • D’Norbert[227]
  • EBtech Projetos Automotivos Especiais[228]
  • EcoMini[229]
  • EcoMóvel[230]
  • Edgard Pessoa[231]
  • Ego Veículos[232]
  • El Paco[233]
  • Eldorado (Fiat Dealer)[234]
  • Elva[235]
  • Elza[236]
  • Emis Indústria e Comércio de Veículos[237]
  • Emisul Montadora e Comercial de Veículos (Took Emis operations after operations were ceased)[238]
  • Engefibra[239]
  • Engenharia de Veículos e Motores (Envemo)[240]
  • Engenheiros Especializados (Engesa)[241]
  • Eniequi[242]
  • Enseda Veículos Especiais[243]
  • Escuderia Bad Bug[244]
  • Falcão Indústria e Comércio de Plásticos[245]
  • Farus Indústria de Veículos Esportivos[246]
  • Fer Car Indústria e Comércio de Veículos[247]
  • Fiberbras Indústria e Comércio[248]
  • Fibertécnica Novaimagem[249]
  • Fibra Dunnas, Indústria e Comércio[250]
  • Fibra Real Indústria e Comércio[251]
  • Fibranorte[252]
  • Fibrario Comércio e Indústria[253] (Formerly Penatti)[254]
  • Fibrax[255]
  • Fibron Industrial[256]
  • Fontana[257]
  • Fontanari[258]
  • Ford Motors Company Brasil
  • Fox Veículos Especiais[259]
  • Free Lance[260]
  • Fury[261]
  • Fuscolete Montagens Especiais de Veiculos[262]
  • Fuscross[263]
  • Fábrica Internacional de Carrosseries[264]
  • Fábrica Nacional de Motores (Reestablished as Fábrica Nacional de Mobilidade, focused in Electric trucks)
  • Fábrica de Carrosserias Major[265]
  • Fábrica de Veículos Caiçara[266]
  • Fúria Auto Esporte[267]
  • Galgo Indústria de Carrocerias (Formerly Besson, Gobbi S.A.)[268]
  • Galli[269]
  • Garage 500 Milhas[270]
  • Garage AS[271]
  • Garage Moreira[272]
  • Garage e Officinas Fiat[273]
  • Garden Sound[274]
  • Gason[275]
  • Gerbauto (Formerly Pimenta Indústria e Comércio de Veículo em Fiberglass)[276]
  • German Racing Scap[277]
  • Geta Design Indústria e Comércio Fibras e Metais[278]
  • Giant's[279]
  • Grancar Design, Veículos Especiais[280]
  • Greta Indústria e Comércio de Veículos (Formerly GAMO)[281]
  • Grillo[282] (Former agricultural truck manufacturer)
  • Grupo Busscar (Declared bankruptcy)
    • Busscar Ônibus (Reopened as Carbuss Indústria Catarinense de Carrocerias)
  • Grupo Souza Ramos
    • Ford Souza Ramos (Defunded after Ford do Brasil ceased production)[283]
    • SR Veículos Especiais[284]
    • MMC Automotores do Brasil (Mitsubishi representative and manufacturer)
  • Guaporé[285]
  • Guepardo Veículos[286]
  • Guiauto Miami Buggy[287]
  • Gurgel Indústria e Comércio de Veículos (Formerly Moplast Moldagem de Plástico)[288]
  • HB[289]
  • Harpia[290]
  • Hawaii[291]
  • HiBoy[292]
  • Hit[293]
  • Hofstetter Indústria e Comércio de Veículos
  • Hot Sprint[294]
  • Hunter[295]
  • Icomda Comércio e Desenvolvimento Automobilístico[296]
  • Iguana[297] (Small jeep produced by Vicauto, a former Fiat dealer)
  • Industrial Veículos Vendetta Equus[298]
  • Indústria Brasileira de Automóveis Presidente (IBAP)[299]
  • Indústria Brasileira de Veículos (IBV)[300]
  • Indústria de Artefatos Metálicos Bola[301]
  • Indústria de Carrocerias Bugre[302]
  • Indústria de Plástico Reforçado Glaspac[303]
  • Indústria e Comércio de Plásticos Reforçados Mirage[304]
  • Ita Motores e Montadora de Veículos (Formerly Park Motors Projetos Automotivos)[305]
  • Ivel Veículos (Currently operating as a Honda concessionaire)[306]
  • JPX Indústria e Comércio (Founded by Eike Batista)[307]
  • Jarama[308]
  • Joaquim Garcia & Cia[309]
  • Jobby Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias[311]
  • John Davies[312]
  • Jonathas Pereira[313]
  • Jopecar[314]
  • Jor Racing[315]
  • K&B Fiberglass[316]
  • Kadron Engenharia, Indústria e Comércio
  • Kaltec[317]
  • Karibu[318]
  • Karmann-Ghia do Brasil (Subsidiary of Wilhelm Karmann)[319]
  • Kasinski (Currently under Magneti Marelli brand, a Fiat subsidiary)[320]
    • Cofap – Companhia Fabricadora de Peças
    • Cofave – Sociedade Amazonense Fabricadora de Veículos
  • Kiko Buggy do Brasil[321]
  • Koizyztraña[322]
  • Kowalski[323]
  • Kremer[324]
  • Küsters[325]
  • LCA[326]
  • LHM Indústria Mecânica (Formerly Nurburgring Indústria e Comércio)[327]
  • Lafer (Ceased auto vehicle industry; still producing furniture)[328]
  • Laser[329]
  • Leandrini[330]
  • Lepper[331]
  • Limousine Brasil[332]
  • Limousines do Brasil[333]
  • Litoral / Radical[334]
  • Little Croc (Amphibious buggy)[335]
  • Lobby Indústria e Comércio (Formerly Matis Indústria e Comércio)[336]
  • Lomer Indústria e Comércio de Autos Esportivos[337]
  • Luar[338]
  • L’Auto Craft Montadora de Veículos (Formerly L’Automobile Distribuidora de Veículos)[339]
  • L’Ufficio Designers[340]
  • MG Design Indústria e Comércio[341]
  • MGA Indústria e Comércio de Automóveis e Artefatos de Fibra[342]
  • MGK[343]
  • MHS[344]
  • MR (Bugatti T-35 replica)[345]
  • MX[346]
  • Mac Laren[347]
    • Mac Laren Açofibras
  • Mach 1[348]
  • Mack Garage Veículos Especiais[349]
  • Madom[350]
  • Mahindra & Mahindra (Ceased passenger vehicles production in 2015, still produce tractors)
  • Malavase[351]
  • Mali Buggy[352]
  • Mamba[353]
  • Mari Auto[354]
  • Marina's Montadora[355]
  • Marques Indústria e Comércio de Veículos[356]
  • Material Ferroviário (Mostly known as Mafersa)
  • Maup[357]
  • Max Golden Car Blindagens e Desenvolvimento[358]
  • Megastar Veículos[359]
  • Menon Veículos[360]
  • Mercedes-Benz (Ceased passenger vehicles production in 2020, still produce truck and bus)
  • Mirafiori (Custom made Fiat City pickup truck and Fiat's concessionaire)[361]
  • Mirage[362]
  • Mirus[363]
  • Moldex Indústria e Comércio[364]
  • Mont Serrat Exclusive Auto Service[365]
  • Montadora de Veículos Especiais Comércio Indústria e Exportação[366]
  • Motor Tech[367]
  • Moura[368]
  • Multifibra Indústria e Comércio Plástico Reforçado[369]
  • Mundeo (Propeller-driven car built "to simulate the feel of an inverted flight"; traffic restriction on public roads)[370]
  • Mythos (Ferrari F40 replica)[371]
  • Máxsus – Veículos e Peças[372]
  • Nasser Brasil Motores Indústria e Comércio de Veículos (NBM)[373]
    • NBM Indústria, Comércio de Veículos
  • Natalbuggy Indústria, Comércio e Serviços[374]
  • Nigo[375]
  • Nirico[376]
  • Nobre Fibra Car[377]
  • Obvio! Automotoveículos[378]
    • Vrooom! Veículos Elétricos (Currently active and focused on electric vehicles)
  • Off-Road Montadora de Veículos[379]
  • Officinas e Garage Lancia[380]
  • Oficina Mecânica Aragão[381]
  • Ommega Indústria e Comércio de Veículos[382]
  • Orion[383]
  • Orto Design Indústria e Comércio de Veículos[384]
  • Pacífico[385]
  • Pami Fibras[386]
  • Panda Comércio de Fibra de Vidro[387]
  • Pantera Design Indústria e Comércio[388]
  • Panza[389]
  • Park Motors Projetos Automotivos[390]
  • Peixoto Veículos (Currently owned by Axxola)[391]
  • Pereira Barreto (Sold limousines based on Chevrolet vehicles in partnership with Sulam; Former Chevrolet dealer)[392]
  • Pflaumer (Custom limousine in a Volkswagen Beetle body)[393]
  • Phybe Indústria e Comércio de Fiberglass[394]
  • Pietro Gemesio Comércio e Indústria[395]
  • Pingo[396]
  • Pioneira da Indústria Nacional de Automóveis Reunida (Pinar)[397]
  • Plascar – (Formerly Oscar S.A. Indústria de Artefatos de Borracha)[398]
  • Polaris
  • Portyglass Indústria e Comércio[399]
  • Produtora de Automóveis Nacionais Pan Rad Motores[400]
  • Protótipos Lorena Carrocerias (Formerly Lorena Importação, Indústria e Comércio)[401]
  • Py Motors Comércio e Indústria[402]
  • SEED (Acronym for: Small Electric with Economic Design) (Formerly MMR Motorsport)[403]
  • SPJ Indústria e Comércio[404]
  • Santina Veículos[405]
  • Simca do Brasil (Replaced by Chrysler do Brasil in 1967)[406]
  • Sociedade Técnica de Veículos (STV)
  • Spiller Mattei Indústria e Comércio de Fiberglass[407]
  • Sundown
  • Tambatajá Indústria de Carrocerias[408]
  • Tecnoglass[409]
  • Vemag-DKW (Vemag was acquired by Volkswagen do Brasil in 1967)
  • Viação Cometa (Currently owned by Auto Viação 1001)
    • Companhia Manufatureira Auxiliar (CMA)
  • Viação Itapemirim
    • Tecnobus – Serviços, Comércio e Indústria (Formerly Tecnobus Implementos Rodoviários)
  • WP Indústria e Comércio de Plástico Reforçado[410]
  • Werma Automóveis[411]
  • Willys-Overland do Brasil
  • Wladimir Martins Veículos (WMV) (Sold to Polystilo Indústria e Comércio in 1983 and for Py Motors in 1986)

Educational Institutions and Maker[edit]

  • Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC-USP)[412]
  • Faculdade de Engenharia Industrial (FEI)[413]
  • Nishimura (FEI engineer and teacher; made a prototype)[414]

Local manufacture encouraged[edit]

Brazil has a 35% tariff on imported cars.[415][416]

Passenger Vehicle Currently Offered and Manufactured in Large Scale[edit]

Agrale: Marruá

Audi: A3; Imported A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, Q3, Q5, Q7, Q8, e-tron, TT, R8 and e-tron GT

BMW: 3 Series, X1, X3, X4; Imported: 1 Series, 2 Series, 4 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X2, X5, X6, X7, Z4, iX and i3 (until July 2022)[citation needed]

Chery: Arrizo 6, Tiggo 5X, Tiggo 7, Tiggo 8

Chevrolet: Onix, Onix Plus, S10, Spin, Tracker, Trailblazer; Imported: Cruze and Equinox; Exported: Joy, Joy Plus[417]

Citroën: C4 Cactus, Jumper, Jumpy; Imported: Electric vans

Fiat: Argo, Cronos, Ducato, Mobi, Pulse, Strada, Toro, Uno Ciao (Limited Last Edition)

Honda: City (Sedan and Hatchback); Imported (Suspended): Accord, CR-V[418] and HR-V; Exported: WR-V[419]

Hyundai: Creta, HB20, HB20S; Suspended: Tucson[420]

Jeep: Compass, Renegade

Land Rover: Land Rover Discovery, Land Rover Defender, Range Rover Evoque, Range Rover Velar

MINI: Clubman, Countryman; Imported: Cabrio

Mitsubishi: L200 Triton; Imported: Eclipse Cross, Outlander, Pajero

Nissan: Frontier, Kicks, Leaf, Versa

Peugeot: 208, 2008, 3008; Imported: Electric vans

Renault: Captur, Duster, Duster Oroch, Logan, Kwid, Sandero

Toyota: Corolla, Corolla Cross, Hilux, SW4, Yaris Hatch, Yaris Sedan; Export: Etios

Volkswagen: Amarok, Gol, Jetta, Nivus, Polo, Saveiro, Taos, T-Cross, Virtus, Voyage

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Official History of Automobile Industry in Brazil". National Association of Vehicles Industries. 23 January 2022.
  2. ^ a b Sydney A. Latini, A Implantação da Indústria Automobilística no Brasil, Editora Alaúde, 2007, p. 92
  3. ^ "Puma GTE tinha chassi de Brasilia, mas caiu nas graças de pilotos da F1". Quatro Rodas (in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 September 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  4. ^ "Puma Automóveis: A história que não teve fim!". Revista Carro (in Brazilian Portuguese). 19 April 2019. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  5. ^ "Mercedes Benz Juiz de Fora". JOC. 2 February 2022.
  6. ^ "Primeiro ônibus". WebPoa (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  7. ^ "O caso complexo automotivo no Brasil de 1990 a 2002" (PDF). UFSC (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  8. ^ "2007 ficou na história do mercado automotivo nacional | Automóveis, Notícias". Tribuna do Paraná (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 January 2008. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  9. ^ Resaffa Nogueira Martins, Henrique (2016). "The Brazilian Inovar-Auto Program and the WTO Dispute". ResearchGate. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.25878.14407.
  10. ^ "Rota 2030 - Mobilidade e Logística". Ministério da Economia (in Brazilian Portuguese). SECINT – SEPEC. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  11. ^ a b "Santos Dumont trouxe carro ao Brasil, mas não foi o 1º a emplacar veículo". UOL Carros (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2 May 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  12. ^ "ENTIDADE QUER RECUPERAR O GLAMOUR DO PASSADO COM "DISNEYLÂNDIA DO AUTOMÓVEL"" (PDF). Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  13. ^ "Linha do tempo: veja a história da Ford no Brasil". WebMotors. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Historia da Ford no Brasil". Ford do Brasil. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  15. ^ "Exclusivo: a história do primeiro carro presidencial do Brasil". Motor1.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 13 November 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  16. ^ "Do Rio a São Paulo: 33 dias pela mata fechada". Estadão. O Estadao de S.Paulo. 14 April 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  17. ^ a b "História Automotiva: primeira viagem Rio-SP levou 36 dias". Motor1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). UOL. 17 October 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  18. ^ "De São Paulo a Santos: 37 horas, em abril de 1908". Estadão. O Estadao de S.Paulo. 14 April 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  19. ^ "História Automotiva: Todos os carros dos presidentes no Brasil". Motor1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 29 April 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  20. ^ "Primeiro museu sobre a imprensa automotiva é inaugurado em SP". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 October 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  21. ^ "História da Indústria automotiva brasileira". Anfavea (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  22. ^ "Primeiros anos (Anos 1910)". Ford do Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  23. ^ a b c "Sede própria (Anos 1920)". Ford do Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  24. ^ "1921: Estrada de rodagem São Paulo-Campinas será inaugurada no dia 1º". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 29 April 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  25. ^ a b c d e "GM DO BRASIL COMEÇOU SUAS ATIVIDADES EM 1925, EM UM GALPÃO NO BAIRRO PAULISTANO DO IPIRANGA". GM Media (in Brazilian Portuguese). 26 January 2015.
  26. ^ "A pré-história da indústria automobilística no Brasil" (in Brazilian Portuguese). September 2006. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  27. ^ "Grande Depressão (Anos 1930)". Ford do Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba "Anfavea Industry Timeline". Anfavea (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  29. ^ "Curte carros antigos nacionais? 5 das marcas pioneiras foram extintas". Autopapo UOL (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  30. ^ "Toyota Linha histórica". Toyota Comunica | Toyota Press Room (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  31. ^ "Puma Automóveis: A história que não teve fim!" (in Brazilian Portuguese). 19 April 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
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  88. ^ "LSN". 21 January 2022.
  89. ^ "MC". 21 January 2022.
  90. ^ "MecPlan". 21 January 2022.
  91. ^ "Metal Nobre". 21 January 2022.
  92. ^ "Mil Milhas". 21 January 2022.
  93. ^ "MIURA – História".
  94. ^ "Mobilis". 21 January 2022.
  95. ^ "BRM". 3 June 2014.
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  97. ^ "NHRA". 21 January 2022.
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  102. ^ "Super Buggy".
  103. ^ "TMC". November 2016.
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  106. ^ "Ad Aeternum". 20 May 2016.
  107. ^ "AMX". 28 April 2014.
  108. ^ "ABAIS". 27 April 2014.
  109. ^ "ACHA". 27 April 2014.
  110. ^ "Acquatec". 27 April 2014.
  111. ^ "ADAMO". 27 April 2014.
  112. ^ "ADAX". 27 April 2014.
  113. ^ "AGNI". 27 April 2014.
  114. ^ "Akamine". 28 April 2014.
  115. ^ "ALCAR". 28 April 2014.
  116. ^ "ALDEE". 28 April 2014.
  117. ^ "Almenara". 28 April 2014.
  118. ^ "Amoritz". 28 April 2014.
  119. ^ "Andorinha". 19 January 2021.
  120. ^ "André Protótipos". 20 May 2020.
  121. ^ "ANGRA". 29 April 2014.
  122. ^ "Artesanal". 29 April 2014.
  123. ^ "Aruanda". 29 April 2014.
  124. ^ "As Réplicas". 29 April 2014.
  125. ^ "AURORA". 29 April 2014.
  126. ^ "Auto Drews". 29 April 2014.
  127. ^ "Cysne Prateado". 11 July 2014.
  128. ^ "Autofibra". 29 April 2014.
  129. ^ "BRASINCA". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 June 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  130. ^ "Centaurus S.A." 13 June 2014.
  131. ^ "Autonova". 29 April 2014.
  132. ^ "Avallone". 29 April 2014.
  133. ^ "AVEL". 29 April 2014.
  134. ^ "BB". 3 June 2014.
  135. ^ "Bm Foster". 3 June 2014.
  136. ^ "Baja Bug". 3 June 2014.
  137. ^ "Bandama". 3 June 2014.
  138. ^ "Garage Baptista". 30 August 2019.
  139. ^ "BEACH". 3 June 2014.
  140. ^ "BABY". 3 June 2014.
  141. ^ "BEEP Labate". 27 January 2022.
  142. ^ "Beira Rio". 3 June 2014.
  143. ^ "Besouro". 20 June 2017.
  144. ^ "Bettina". 21 January 2021.
  145. ^ "BIANCO". 3 June 2014.
  146. ^ "Bianco & Costa". 26 August 2019.
  147. ^ "BOBBY". 3 June 2014.
  148. ^ "BODDY". 3 June 2014.
  149. ^ "Bonneville". 20 May 2017.
  150. ^ "Brandini". 7 June 2014.
  151. ^ "HAPPY". 31 January 2015.
  152. ^ "Brasil Diamond". 3 June 2014.
  153. ^ "BRAVO". 3 June 2014.
  154. ^ "LOBINI". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 31 March 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  155. ^ "Brazilian Boat". 3 June 2014.
  156. ^ "Brazilian Hot Rod". 20 April 2017.
  157. ^ "BRAÚNA". 3 June 2014.
  158. ^ "BRILHO". 3 June 2014.
  159. ^ "BRITZ". 3 June 2014.
  160. ^ "BU-KAR". 3 June 2014.
  161. ^ "BUG RIO". 3 June 2014.
  162. ^ "BIRD". 3 June 2014.
  163. ^ "CBP". 13 June 2014.
  164. ^ "COYOTE (i)". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 July 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  165. ^ "COYOTE II". 11 July 2014.
  166. ^ "CP-TS". 17 July 2017.
  167. ^ "CR Line". 21 September 2016.
  168. ^ "CTA". 11 July 2014.
  169. ^ "CAETANO". 13 June 2014.
  170. ^ "CARIBE". 13 June 2014.
  171. ^ "CARIOCA RÉPLICAS". 13 June 2014.
  172. ^ "CARPO". 13 June 2014.
  173. ^ "CARRERA". 13 June 2014.
  174. ^ "FURGLAINE". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 16 December 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  175. ^ "MONARCA". 13 June 2014.
  176. ^ "Brasília". 3 June 2014.
  177. ^ "CWA". 11 July 2014.
  178. ^ "CASELLA". 13 June 2014.
  179. ^ "CASINI". 13 June 2014.
  180. ^ "Cerrado". 13 June 2014.
  181. ^ "Charmant". 27 October 2016.
  182. ^ "Chausson". 13 June 2014.
  183. ^ "Cheetah". 13 June 2014.
  184. ^ "Chemuniz". 13 June 2014.
  185. ^ "CHEVAL". 13 June 2014.
  186. ^ "CHUVES". 11 July 2014.
  187. ^ "CIGANO". 24 February 2018.
  188. ^ "CINTRA". 11 July 2014.
  189. ^ "Classic Hot Rods". 11 July 2014.
  190. ^ "Classic Motors do Brasil Ltda". 31 January 2015.
  191. ^ "COACH". 11 July 2014.
  192. ^ "COALA". 11 July 2014.
  193. ^ "Gaivota". 31 January 2015.
  194. ^ "CIREI". 11 July 2014.
  195. ^ "CBT". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 13 June 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  196. ^ "BRASMOTOR". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 June 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  197. ^ "SANTA MATILDE". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 31 July 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  198. ^ "Engerauto". 28 November 2014.
  199. ^ "GIBI". 31 January 2015.
  200. ^ "CIPAN". 22 October 2019.
  201. ^ "Compton Stütgart". 11 July 2014.
  202. ^ "Conceptor". 11 July 2014.
  203. ^ "Concorde". 11 July 2014.
  204. ^ "CONDOR II". 11 July 2014.
  205. ^ "Corsa Cross". 11 July 2014.
  206. ^ "CORUJA". 11 July 2014.
  207. ^ "BILLOW". 3 June 2014.
  208. ^ "CRONOS". 11 July 2014.
  209. ^ "Cross Way". 11 July 2014.
  210. ^ "Curitiba". 11 July 2014.
  211. ^ "DACRIL". 28 February 2018.
  212. ^ "DAGH". November 2014.
  213. ^ "DANKAR". November 2014.
  214. ^ "DANNY". November 2014.
  215. ^ "DARIÉ". November 2014.
  216. ^ "Decorauto". November 2014.
  217. ^ "Demoiselle Phantom". November 2014.
  218. ^ "Detenc Ocellote". November 2014.
  219. ^ "CANYON". 13 June 2014.
  220. ^ "Diamond". November 2014.
  221. ^ "Diaseta". November 2014.
  222. ^ "DIPAVE". November 2014.
  223. ^ "DACON". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 November 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  224. ^ "Conheça a Dacon, autorizada VW dos anos 60 que importava carros da Porsche". Portal iG (in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 April 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  225. ^ "Dock Dock". November 2014.
  226. ^ "DUNA". November 2014.
  227. ^ "D'Norbert". November 2014.
  228. ^ "EBTECH". 22 September 2016.
  229. ^ "Economini". 28 November 2014.
  230. ^ "Ecomóvel". 24 September 2016.
  231. ^ "Edgard Pessoa". 28 November 2014.
  232. ^ "EGO". 28 November 2014.
  233. ^ "El Paco". 12 September 2020.
  234. ^ "Eldorado". 28 November 2014.
  235. ^ "ELVA". 22 September 2016.
  236. ^ "ELZA". 28 November 2014.
  237. ^ "EMIS". 28 November 2014.
  238. ^ "EMISUL". 28 November 2014.
  239. ^ "Engefibra". 28 November 2014.
  240. ^ "ENVEMO". 28 November 2014.
  241. ^ "ENGESA". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 28 November 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  242. ^ "Eniequi". 28 November 2014.
  243. ^ "Enseada". 28 November 2014.
  244. ^ "Bad Bug". 3 June 2014.
  245. ^ "FALCÃO". 16 December 2014.
  246. ^ "FARUS". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 16 December 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  247. ^ "Fer Car". 16 December 2014.
  248. ^ "KAUÊ". 21 January 2022.
  249. ^ "GUAÇU". 31 January 2015.
  250. ^ "DUNNAS". November 2014.
  251. ^ "FIBRAL". 16 December 2014.
  252. ^ "Fibranorte". 16 December 2014.
  253. ^ "Fibrario". 16 December 2014.
  254. ^ "PENATTI". May 2015.
  255. ^ "FIBRAX". 16 December 2014.
  256. ^ "FIBRON". 16 December 2014.
  257. ^ "Fontana". 16 December 2014.
  258. ^ "Fontanari". 16 December 2014.
  259. ^ "FOX". 16 December 2014.
  260. ^ "Free Lance". 16 December 2014.
  261. ^ "FURY". 16 December 2014.
  262. ^ "Fuscolete". 16 December 2014.
  263. ^ "Fuscross". 16 December 2014.
  264. ^ "Fábrica Internacional". 29 August 2019.
  265. ^ "Fábrica de Carrosserias Major". 28 November 2014.
  266. ^ "ATOBÁ". 29 April 2014.
  267. ^ "FÚRIA". 16 December 2014.
  268. ^ "GALGO". 31 January 2015.
  269. ^ "GALLI". 24 September 2018.
  270. ^ "Ap 500 Milhas". 19 April 2017.
  271. ^ "Garage as". 31 January 2015.
  272. ^ "Garage Moreira". 30 August 2019.
  273. ^ "Garage Fiat". 30 August 2019.
  274. ^ "Garden Sound". 31 January 2015.
  275. ^ "GASON". 31 January 2015.
  276. ^ "COOPER". 11 July 2014.
  277. ^ "German Racing". 31 January 2015.
  278. ^ "GETA". 31 January 2015.
  279. ^ "Giant's". 31 January 2015.
  280. ^ "GRANCAR Futura". 16 December 2014.
  281. ^ "GAMO". 31 January 2015.
  282. ^ "GRILLO". 31 January 2015.
  283. ^ "Ford Souza Ramos fecha as portas após 50 anos; relembre suas criações". Quatro Rodas (in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 March 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  284. ^ "SR". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 31 July 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  285. ^ "Guaporé". 31 January 2015.
  286. ^ "Guepardo". 31 January 2015.
  287. ^ "Guuauto Miami Buggy". 31 January 2015.
  288. ^ "GURGEL (i)". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 31 January 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  289. ^ "HB". 31 January 2015.
  290. ^ "HARPIA". 31 January 2015.
  291. ^ "HAWAII". 31 January 2015.
  292. ^ "HIBOY". 31 January 2015.
  293. ^ "HIT". 31 January 2015.
  294. ^ "Hot Sprint". 31 January 2015.
  295. ^ "HUNTER". 31 January 2015.
  296. ^ "ICOMDA". 28 February 2015.
  297. ^ "IGUANA". December 2017.
  298. ^ "Industrial Vendetta Equus". 28 November 2014.
  299. ^ "PRESIDENTE". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 May 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  300. ^ "IBV". 28 February 2015.
  301. ^ "Indústria Bola Fera". 16 December 2014.
  302. ^ "BUGRE". 3 June 2014.
  303. ^ "GLASPAC". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 31 January 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  304. ^ "Indústria e Comércio de Plásticos Reforçados Mirage". 28 February 2015.
  305. ^ "ITA Lassale". 27 January 2022.
  306. ^ "Ivel Mônaco". 28 February 2015.
  307. ^ "JPX". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 28 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  308. ^ "JARAMA". 28 February 2015.
  309. ^ "JOAGAR". joagar.com.br. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  310. ^ "JOAGAR". 28 February 2015.
  311. ^ "JOBBY". 28 February 2015.
  312. ^ "John Davies". 28 February 2015.
  313. ^ "Jonathas Pereira". 26 May 2020.
  314. ^ "Jopecar". 28 February 2015.
  315. ^ "Jor Racing". 28 February 2015.
  316. ^ "K&B Fiberglass". 28 February 2015.
  317. ^ "KALTEC". 28 February 2015.
  318. ^ "KARIBU". 21 January 2022.
  319. ^ "KARMANN-GHIA". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 28 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  320. ^ "KASINSKI". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 28 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  321. ^ "KIKO". 21 January 2022.
  322. ^ "Koizyztraña". 28 February 2015.
  323. ^ "Kowalski". 28 February 2015.
  324. ^ "Kremer". 28 February 2015.
  325. ^ "Küsters". 28 February 2015.
  326. ^ "LCA". 27 January 2022.
  327. ^ "LHM". 27 January 2022.
  328. ^ "MP LAFER". 13 June 2014.
  329. ^ "LASER". 27 January 2022.
  330. ^ "LEANDRINI". 28 February 2015.
  331. ^ "LEPPER". 28 February 2015.
  332. ^ "Limousine Brasil". 28 February 2015.
  333. ^ "Limousines Brasil". 27 January 2022.
  334. ^ "Litoral & Radical". 28 February 2015.
  335. ^ "LITTLE CROC". 28 February 2015.
  336. ^ "MATIS". 13 June 2014.
  337. ^ "LOMER". 27 January 2022.
  338. ^ "LUAR". 27 January 2022.
  339. ^ "L'Automobile". 31 March 2015.
  340. ^ "L'UFFICIO". 23 January 2022.
  341. ^ "MG Design". 13 June 2014.
  342. ^ "MGA". 13 June 2014.
  343. ^ "MGK". 13 June 2014.
  344. ^ "MHS". 13 June 2014.
  345. ^ "MR". 28 February 2015.
  346. ^ "MX". 13 June 2014.
  347. ^ "MAC LAREN". 23 January 2022.
  348. ^ "MACH 1". 23 January 2022.
  349. ^ "MACK". 23 January 2022.
  350. ^ "MADOM". 28 February 2015.
  351. ^ "MALAVASE". 28 February 2015.
  352. ^ "MALI". 28 February 2015.
  353. ^ "MAMBA". 28 February 2015.
  354. ^ "MARI AUTO CHEDA". 13 June 2014.
  355. ^ "MARINAS". 13 June 2014.
  356. ^ "MARQUES". 13 June 2014.
  357. ^ "MAUP". 28 February 2015.
  358. ^ {{Cite web|url=http://www.lexicarbrasil.com.br/max-golden-car/
  359. ^ "EMME". May 2015.
  360. ^ "MENON". 13 June 2014.
  361. ^ "MIRAFIORI". 13 June 2014.
  362. ^ "MIRAGE". 28 February 2015.
  363. ^ "MIRUS". 28 February 2015.
  364. ^ "MOLDEX". 13 June 2014.
  365. ^ "MONT SERRAT". 13 June 2014.
  366. ^ "MONTA SPECIAL". 13 June 2014.
  367. ^ "MOTOR TECH". 13 June 2014.
  368. ^ "MOURA". 28 February 2015.
  369. ^ "MULTIFIBRA MOBBY". 13 June 2014.
  370. ^ "MUNDEO". 28 February 2015.
  371. ^ "MYTHOS". 28 February 2015.
  372. ^ "MAXSUS". 13 June 2014.
  373. ^ "NBM". May 2015.
  374. ^ "COBRA (Ii)". 11 July 2014.
  375. ^ "NIGO". 28 February 2015.
  376. ^ "NIRICO". May 2015.
  377. ^ "NOBRE". May 2015.
  378. ^ "OBVIO!". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 May 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  379. ^ "OFF ROAD". May 2015.
  380. ^ "Garage Lancia". 30 August 2019.
  381. ^ "Oficina Mecânica Aragão". May 2015.
  382. ^ "OMMEGA". May 2015.
  383. ^ "ORION". May 2015.
  384. ^ "ORTO". May 2015.
  385. ^ "PACÍFICO". May 2015.
  386. ^ "PAMI". May 2015.
  387. ^ "PANDA". May 2015.
  388. ^ "PANTERA". May 2015.
  389. ^ "PANZA". 28 February 2015.
  390. ^ "PARK Lassale". 27 January 2022.
  391. ^ "PEIXOTO". May 2015.
  392. ^ "Pereira Barreto". 28 February 2015.
  393. ^ "PFLAUMER". 28 February 2015.
  394. ^ "PHYBE". May 2015.
  395. ^ "PIETRO". May 2015.
  396. ^ "PINGO". 28 February 2015.
  397. ^ "PINAR". 28 February 2015.
  398. ^ "PLASCAR". 21 January 2022.
  399. ^ "PORTYGLASS". May 2015.
  400. ^ "PAN RAD". 28 February 2015.
  401. ^ "LORENA". 27 January 2022.
  402. ^ "EQUUS i". 28 November 2014.
  403. ^ "MMR & SEED". 28 February 2015.
  404. ^ "GARRA". 31 January 2015.
  405. ^ "Belfusca". 3 June 2014.
  406. ^ "SIMCA". Lexicar Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 31 July 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  407. ^ "GRINGO". 31 January 2015.
  408. ^ "GAIATO". 31 January 2015.
  409. ^ "TECNOGLASS". 28 February 2015.
  410. ^ "LEBLON". 27 January 2022.
  411. ^ "FLY". 16 December 2014.
  412. ^ "EESC-USP". 31 January 2015.
  413. ^ "FEI". 16 December 2014.
  414. ^ "NISHIMURA". 28 February 2015.
  415. ^ "Australia's car tariffs among world's lowest". 12 February 2014.
  416. ^ "Governo detalha plano que zera imposto de importação de carros europeus". Quatro Rodas (in Brazilian Portuguese). 20 July 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  417. ^ "O que é Proconve L7, a lei que tirou carros da VW, Fiat e GM de linha". AutoPapo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 December 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  418. ^ "Honda Accord híbrido sai de linha seis meses após lançamento, CR-V também não está sendo vendido". Auto Esporte (in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  419. ^ "Honda WR-V sai de linha e HR-V tem vendas suspensas até a chegada da nova geração". Auto Esporte (in Brazilian Portuguese). 27 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  420. ^ "Hyundai ix35 sai de linha depois de 12 anos; Tucson tem produção suspensa". Auto Esporte (in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

External links[edit]


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Brazil&oldid=1079784015"