恩

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恩 U+6069, 恩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6069
← 恨
[U+6068] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 恪 →
[U+606A]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

恩 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 田大心 (WKP), four-corner 60330, composition ⿱因心)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 385, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10591
  • Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2290, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+6069

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 恩
alternative forms 㤙

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (因) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
欭 *qrils
烟 *qiːn, *qin
胭 *qiːn
咽 *qiːn, *qiːns, *qiːd
恩 *qɯːn
煾 *qɯːn
因 *qin
姻 *qin
茵 *qin
鞇 *qin
氤 *qin
洇 *qin
駰 *qin, *qrin
絪 *qin
裀 *qin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯːn): phonetic 因 (OC *qin) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ng1 - Chaozhou;
  • eng1 - Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping;
  • êng1 - Jieyang;
  • ing1 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai, Lufeng, Haifeng.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 恩
    Mandarin Beijing /ən⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ən⁴⁴/
    /nən⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /nən²¹/
    Jinan /ŋẽ²¹³/
    Qingdao /ɣə̃²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ən²⁴/
    Xi'an /ŋẽ²¹/
    Xining /nə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /əŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ə̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /ɤŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ŋən⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ŋən⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ŋen⁵⁵/
    /en⁵⁵/ 新
    Kunming /ə̃⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /ən³¹/
    Hefei /ʐən²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɣəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /ŋəŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ŋə̃ŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /əŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /ən⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ʔen³³/
    Wenzhou /ø³³/
    Hui Shexian /ŋʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /ŋɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ŋən³³/
    Xiangtan /ŋən³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ŋiɛn⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /en⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /en²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn⁵³/
    Nanning /ɐn⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /jɐn⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /un⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ouŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /aiŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ɯŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /un²³/
    Rime
    Character 恩
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 痕 (53)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 烏痕切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔən/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔən/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔən/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔən/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔən/
    Wang
    Li         		/ən/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔən/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ēn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		an1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 恩
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		ēn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ʔon ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔˁə[n]/
    English kindness, favor

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 恩
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15174
    Phonetic
    component         		因
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		恩
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qɯːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    恩

    1. kindness; mercy; charity
    2. affection
    3. A surname​.
    4. (Mainland China) Short for 恩格斯 (Ēngésī, “Engels”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 恩

    Descendants[edit]

    • → Vietnamese: ơn

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    恩

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    恩(おん) • (on) 

    1. obligation

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    恩 (eumhun 은혜 은 (eunhye eun))

    1. Hanja form? of 은 (“favor”).
    2. Hanja form? of 은 (“grace”).
    3. Hanja form? of 은 (“mercy”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    恩: Hán Việt readings: ân[1][2][3]
    恩: Nôm readings: ơn[1][2][3][4][5], ân[1][2][5]

    1. chữ Hán form of ân, ơn (“favor; grace”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Hồ (1976).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

    Zhuang[edit]

    Classifier[edit]

    恩

    1. Sawndip form of aen
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