Studio 54

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

This article is about the Broadway theater. For the 1998 film, see 54 (film). For the 2018 film, see Studio 54 (film).
Studio 54
Gallo Opera House (1927)
Casino de Paree (1933)
WPA Federal Music Theatre (1937)
New Yorker Theatre (1939)
CBS Studio 52 (1942)
Studio 54 logo.svg
Address254 West 54th Street
Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates40°45′51.7″N 73°59′01.6″W / 40.764361°N 73.983778°W / 40.764361; -73.983778Coordinates: 40°45′51.7″N 73°59′01.6″W / 40.764361°N 73.983778°W / 40.764361; -73.983778
Public transitNew York City Subway:
OwnerRoundabout Theatre Company
TypeBroadway
Capacity1,006 (519 orchestra/487 mezzanine)[2]
Construction
Opened1927
ArchitectEugene De Rosa[1]
Website
www.roundabouttheatre.org

Studio 54 is a Broadway theatre and a former disco nightclub located on 54th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The building opened in 1927 as the Gallo Opera House.[3] It operated as an entertainment venue under various names until 1942, when CBS began using it as a radio and television studio dubbed Studio 52.[4]

In 1977, Steve Rubell and Ian Schrager opened a nightclub in the building, retaining many former TV and theatrical sets and naming it for its street. Launched at the peak of the disco dancing and music trend, the club became world-famous,[5][6] noted for its celebrity guest lists, restrictive (and subjective) entry policies (based on one's appearance and style), rampant club drug use, and open sexual activity in the club's infamous balcony and basement VIP rooms.[7] In 1980, the club shut down after its founders were convicted for evading taxes. They sold the club to Mark Fleischman,[8][9][10] who reopened it, then sold it in 1984 to new owners, who closed it in 1986.

Since November 1998, the site has served as a venue for productions of the Roundabout Theatre Company and retains the name Studio 54.[11] A separate restaurant and nightclub, Feinstein's/54 Below, operates in the basement of the building.[12]

In 2020, it expanded into a music imprint including a record label, Studio 54 Music, and radio station on Sirius XM, Studio 54 Radio.[13]

Early history [edit]

Opera and theater[edit]

WPA Theatre of Music

Designed by famed architect Eugene De Rosa, the venue was developed as the Gallo Opera House (soon revised to Gallo Theatre), named for its owner, Fortune Gallo. De Rosa publicized plans in August 1926 for a 16-story office building on 254–256 West 54th Street, which would contain a three-story opera house on the lower floors.[14] The plans included a lounge with an opera museum below the primary floors. Ida Louise Killam was hired to design the interior decorative scheme with a color palette of gold, blue, and rose.[15]

The opera house premiered on November 8, 1927, with a large-scale production of La bohème,[16][17] which closed after three weeks. The Gallo was met with a succession of failed attempts to draw an audience and was lost to foreclosure after only two years.

It later reopened under new ownership as The New Yorker but continued failing to attract sufficient crowds. It changed hands in the early 1930s, then in 1937 it became the WPA Federal Music Project of New York City's Federal Music Theatre/Theatre of Music,[18][19] then it became the New Yorker Theatre in 1939, housing an all-black version of The Swing Mikado, originally from Chicago, for two months, when the production moved to the 44th Street Theatre to finish its run. The New Yorker Theatre saw its final production, Medicine Show, end in May 1940, following which the building remained vacant for three years.[20]

CBS Studio 52[edit]

In 1943, CBS purchased the theatre and renamed it Studio 52. CBS named its studios in order of purchase;[citation needed] the number 52 was unrelated to the street on which it was located. From the 1940s to the mid-1970s, CBS used the location as a radio and TV stage that housed such shows as What's My Line?, The $64,000 Question, Video Village, Password, To Tell the Truth, Beat the Clock, The Jack Benny Show, I've Got a Secret, Ted Mack and the Original Amateur Hour, and Captain Kangaroo.[21] The soap opera Love of Life was produced there until 1975.

In 1976, CBS moved most of its broadcast operations to the Ed Sullivan Theater and the CBS Broadcast Center, and sold Studio 52.

Nightclub era[edit]

When CBS began marketing the building in 1976, various parties in the art and fashion world expressed interest in seeing it converted into a nightclub. Male model Uva Harden tried to get gallery owner Frank Lloyd to finance the club, until Lloyd lost a $9 million lawsuit to the estate of the artist Mark Rothko, in the Rothko case.[22]

In 1977, Steve Rubell and Ian Schrager transformed the theater into a nightclub called Studio 54, with Jack Dushey as a financial backer. They operated the company as Broadway Catering Corp. It took only six weeks to transform the theater into a nightclub and cost $400,000 before its grand opening on April 26.[23] Rubell and Schrager hired Scott Bromley as architect,[24][25] Ron Doud as interior designer, and Brian Thompson as lighting designer.[25] Jules Fisher and Paul Marantz, two well-known lighting designers, created the dance floor environment and created movable theatrical sets and lights using the existing TV lighting circuits and fly systems.[26] This allowed for a dynamic, constantly-changing, environment and with which the crowd could be lit brightly.

Carmen D'Alessio was hired by Rubell and Schrager to promote the club.[27][28] and had hosted monthly parties at Maurice Brahms' Infinity.[29]

Within a month of opening, the New York State Liquor Authority raided Studio 54 for selling liquor without a license and closed it. The owners of the nightclub said the incident was a "misunderstanding". The next night the club reopened, serving fruit juice and soda instead of liquor. Before the raid, the nightclub had been using daily "caterers' permits", which enabled the nightclub to serve alcohol but were intended for weddings or political events.[30] The State had denied the daily permit for the night and raided the nightclub. The nightclub had been using these permits while waiting for its liquor license to be processed.

The scene (1977–1979)[edit]

Event planner Robert Isabell had four tons of glitter dumped in a four-inch layer on the floor of Studio 54 for a New Year's Eve party. Owner Ian Schrager said it was like "standing on stardust", and it left glitter that could be found months later in attendees' clothing and homes.[31]

Notable patrons[edit]

Other notables at the club[edit]

  • Actor Al Corley was a doorman during the late 1970s.
  • Actor Alec Baldwin worked for two months as a waiter at Studio 54.[61]
  • Sally Lippman, also known as "Disco Sally", was a 77-year-old widow and regular dancer at the club.[38]
  • The band Chic wrote a song in 1978, "Le Freak", after being refused entry to the club on New Year's Eve 1977, despite having been invited by Grace Jones.[34][62]

End of the first era[edit]

In December 1978, Rubell was quoted in the city's newspapers as saying that Studio 54 had made $7 million in its first year and "only the Mafia made more money". This got the attention of the IRS. Shortly after that, the nightclub was raided and Rubell and Schrager were arrested.[63] In June 1979, the two men were indicted on charges of skimming $2.5 million, as much as 60 percent of Studio 54's receipts over the past two years.[64]

Studio 54 closed with a final party on the night of February 2–3, 1980, when Diana Ross and Liza Minnelli serenaded Rubell and Schrager. Ryan O'Neal, Farrah Fawcett, Mariel Hemingway, Jocelyn Wildenstein, Richard Gere, Gia Carangi, Jack Nicholson, Reggie Jackson, and Sylvester Stallone were among the guests that night.[34] Schrager and Rubell pleaded guilty to tax evasion[65][66][67] and were each sentenced to three and a half years in prison,[68][69] though they were paroled after 13 months.[70] On January 17, 2017, Schrager received a presidential pardon from President Barack Obama.[71]

1981–1994[edit]

In August 1981, Rubell's company sold the building to Philip Pilevsky for $1.15 million in cash, but Rubell and Schrager opted to keep a lease. Later that year, the building was sold to Mark Fleischman and Stanley G. Tate with Rubell and Schrager staying on as consultants for six months afterward.[72] Studio 54 reopened in September 1981.[73][74] Mark Fleischman published his memoir Inside Studio 54 in October 2017; many details of his years as the owner are detailed as well as his experience buying the club from Ian Schrager and Steve Rubell while they were incarcerated.[75]

Famed New York City doorman Haoui Montaug worked at Studio 54.[76] Paul Heyman was a photographer, producer, and promoter at the club in the mid-1980s.[77]

The Ritz and Cabaret Royale[edit]

Main article: The Ritz (rock club)

From 1981 to April 1986, Mark Fleischman owned Studio 54. In April 1989, The Ritz nightclub, which had previously operated at 11th Street and Third Avenue from 1980 to 1987, moved into the former Studio 54 under the name The New Ritz. In 1990, the club changed the name back to that of its former location, The Ritz. The new owner, CAT Entertainment Corp operated the club primarily as a venue for new wave, punk, Eurodisco, and heavy metal artists and also offered it as a public venue available for rent.

In 1993, CAT Entertainment was acquired by Cabaret Royale Corporation, a nightclub operator based in Dallas.[78] That July, the Ritz announced it would close down and reopen as a topless bar.[79] CAT Entertainment completed a renovation of the nightclub, including modifications to the nightclub's stage area, which had been abandoned previously because of a lack of funds. CAT also resurrected both the nightclub and the Studio 54 trademark, which had never been properly registered by any of the prior owners or operators.[78] John Neilson also took over the venue[78] with plans to reopen it as an uptown location of the Stringfellows nightclub.[78][80] The remodeled nightclub opened in January 1994 and was operated as "Cabaret Royale at Studio 54".[81]

Meanwhile, the Bank of Tokyo had previously granted a mortgage on the theater and the adjacent office building to Pilevsky. When Pilevsky filed to reorganize his assets under the Chapter 11 bankruptcy process, the Bank of Tokyo foreclosed on Studio 54's mortgage,[82] and the theater and building were auctioned off.[81][83] In late 1994, Allied Partners acquired the Studio 54 properties for $5.5 million. After protracted litigation, CAT Entertainment lost its lease on the nightclub and ceased operations in early 1995.[84] Allied restored much of the architectural detail that had been painted black or covered with plywood by Schrager and Rubell. The nightclub reopened with a live concert by disco stars Gloria Gaynor, Vicki Sue Robinson, and Sister Sledge.[citation needed] The building again went into bankruptcy in 1996 and Allied announced plans to convert the space into a virtual reality gaming venue at a cost of $10 million.[85] However, the project was never completed.

Roundabout Theatre at Studio 54, mid-1990s–present[edit]

Studio 54, July 2019

In July 1998, the collapse of a construction hoist blocked access to the Henry Miller Theatre on 43rd Street, where the successful revival of the Broadway musical Cabaret was playing.[86] To keep the show accessible, the Roundabout Theatre Company agreed to move the performance to Studio 54.[87][88] Cabaret's producer Sam Mendes had wanted to relocate to Studio 54 because, like Henry Miller's, its dilapidated condition provided an ideal setting for the production.[89] Ultimately, Cabaret ran until January 2003.[90] Roundabout then bought the Studio 54 building from Allied for $22.5 million in 2003,[91][92] selling $32 million worth of triple tax-exempt bonds to fund the sale.[93] After Cabaret closed, Studio 54 generally hosted larger productions that could not fit at Roundabout's other Broadway theater, the American Airlines Theatre. Roundabout staged several shows a year at both theaters, with Studio 54 hosting a mixture of musicals and plays.[89]

The Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman musical Assassins was Roundabout's first new production at Studio 54,[89] opening in April 2004.[94][95] A revival of another musical by the same team, Pacific Overtures, opened that December.[96][97] Following these two productions, Broadway historian Louis Botto wrote that Studio 54 "had finally fully been welcomed into the Broadway family nearly 80 years after Fortune Gallo first dreamed of it".[89] Roundabout completed some renovations in 2005,[98] which involved replacing the nightclub tables with raked seating, as well as converting the promenade into an exhibit with information on the theater's current production.[89] The theater hosted a revival of Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire in 2005,[99][100] then Eugene O'Neill's A Touch of the Poet later that year.[101][102]

On March 12, 2020, the theater closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[103] It reopened on October 8, 2021, with performances of Caroline, or Change.[104]

Notable productions[edit]

Upstairs at Studio 54[edit]

The second floor of the theater was used as a nightclub, called Upstairs at Studio 54, on weeks when plays were not being staged. The club was operated by Noel Ashman and Josh Hadar, who was one of the Allied partners. Upstairs at Studio 54 performers included Mark Ronson, Samantha Ronson, Gloria Estefan, Jody Watley, and Newsical.

Other tenants[edit]

The building, which is still frequently referred to as the Studio 54 building, houses various tenants, among them a theater venue, offices, and an educational facility called Mandl School, the College of Allied Health. This building also houses Olivtree Securities LLC. In 1965, the building housed Scepter Records's offices, warehouse space and a recording studio, where The Velvet Underground & Nico album was recorded in April 1966.

Record label[edit]

Studio 54 Music launched in 2020.[131][132] Its first release, Night Magic Vol. 1, is a four-track compilation EP of disco anthems from the club's prime days, revised by musicians from both the original scene and the modern dance music era. The project was led by producer JKriv, while essential keys, synths, and the overall EP co-production were by Morgan Wiley.[132]

The Night Magic EP name corresponds with that of a Brooklyn Museum exhibition that premiered in 2020.[133] The label also works with Sirius XM on Studio 54 Radio.[134]

Cultural impact[edit]

Studio 54 at MGM Grand in Las Vegas

In the late 1970s, Studio 54 was one of the best-known nightclubs in the world, and it played a formative role in the growth of disco music and nightclub culture in general. Several franchises, notably in Las Vegas, have sprung up around the country.[135] Additionally, multiple works of art, entertainment, and media refer to or are associated with the nightclub. Examples include:

  • Fiorucci, an Italian fashion shop formerly located on East 59th Street, became known in the late 1970s as the "daytime Studio 54".[136]
  • Casablanca Records released a compilation album of disco music, A Night at Studio 54, in 1979; it peaked at No. 21.
  • 54, a movie about the disco, was released in 1998.
  • In 2011, Sirius XM launched Studio 54 Radio, a satellite radio station featuring classic disco and dance tracks from the 1970s to the 2000s, hosted by original doorman Marc Benecke and Myra Scheer featuring testimonials from the people connected to the club.[24] It originally debuted at channel 15 and was moved to channel 54 in 2013.
  • In 2018, Studio 54, a 98-minute documentary by Matt Tyrnauer, reached both the Tribeca and Sundance film festivals before being screened at select theaters.[137] This film has never-seen footage of the club as well as interviews with Ian Schrager.[138][139]
  • In 2019, Studio 54 became the theme for multiple collections from fashion and cosmetics brands, including, Calvin Klein, Michael Kors and NARS Cosmetics. The collections took inspiration from the club's glamorous heyday and showcased the iconic "54" logo.[140]
  • In 2020, after postponing her tour due to the COVID-19 pandemic, singer-songwriter Dua Lipa performed a live-streamed online concert titled Studio 2054 on streaming platform LIVENow, with the name and overall concept taking inspiration from Studio 54.[141]
  • In August 2021, it was announced that Ryan Murphy is developing the fourth season of American Crime Story, which will focus on the club, tentatively titled American Crime Story: Studio 54. The series will focus on the club during the 1970s, before the conviction of Rubell and Schrager.[142]
  • In October 2021, the SO36 club in Berlin hosted an event called "Studio 36" that, according to the club's website, was inspired by the original Studio 54 and its legacy.[143]

Bibliography[edit]

  • Gaines, Steven; Cohen, Robert Jon (1979). The Club, a Novel. New York: William Morrow and Company.
  • Haden-Guest, Anthony (1997). The Last Party: Studio 54, Disco, and the Culture of the Night. New York: William Morrow and Company. ISBN 978-0688160982.
  • Ricardo, Jack (2012). Last Dance at Studio 54. ISBN 978-1-4675-1362-3.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Studio 54 at the Internet Broadway Database
  2. ^ "Rent a Venue: Studio 54". Roundabout Theatre Company. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  3. ^ "Untold NYC History: Studio 54, the Greatest Broadway Nightclub of them all", Inside Broadway Tours
  4. ^ "CBS Studio 52: 254 West 54th Street", Eyes Of A Generation...Television's Living History
  5. ^ Colacello, Bob (September 3, 2013). "The Seventies: Anything Went". Vanity Fair. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
  6. ^ Dowd, Vincent (April 26, 2012). "Studio 54: 'The best party of your life'". BBC News Online. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
  7. ^ "Inside the real Studio 54: Sex balconies! Liza Minnelli! No hats!" by Lauren Cochrane, The Guardian, June 18, 2018
  8. ^ Itzkoff, Dave (January 16, 2013). "Selling Some Old Sparkle From Nights at Studio 54". The New York Times.
  9. ^ Itzkoff, Dave (January 22, 2013). "Disco Inferno at Fire-Sale Prices as Studio 54 Items Go On the Block". The New York Times. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  10. ^ Nobile, Philip (May 7, 2007). "Studio 54, Where Are You?". New York.
  11. ^ "A Short History of Roundabout Theatre Company". roundabouttheatre.org. Archived from the original on December 21, 2010.
  12. ^ "Feinstein's/54 Below – Broadway's Supper Club". 54below.com. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  13. ^ Bain, Katie (May 21, 2020). "Studio 54 Is Launching a Record Label Focused on Modern Disco". Billboard. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  14. ^ "Office Building for New Gallo Theatre: Sixteen-story Structure for San Carlo Company in Fifty-Fourth Street". The New York Times. August 22, 1926. p. RE1. ProQuest 103750752.
  15. ^ "New Gallo Theatre.: Woman Decorator Will Assist in Itl Interior Equipment". The New York Times. July 10, 1927. p. RE1. ProQuest 104137164.
  16. ^ "San Carlo Opera Opens New House With La Boheme: Fortune Gallo Honored By Company—Performance Well Done And Received With Enthusiasm". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 35, no. 110. November 8, 1927. pp. 6, 19. ProQuest 1654357486.
  17. ^ "San Carlo Opera Opens New House: Gives a Dedicatory Performance of Puccini's La Boheme to an Applauding Throng". The New York Times. November 8, 1927. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  18. ^ "Works Progress Administration Composers' Forum-Laboratory, third series Fortnightly concerts of contemporary American music, W.P.A. Federal Music Theatre". Loc.gov. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  19. ^ "WPA, Federal Music Project of New York City, Theatre of Music, Symphony concerts". Loc.gov. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  20. ^ "Studio 54 – Roundabout Seating Chart – Broadway". Playbill. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  21. ^ "Who We Are: Studio 54". Roundabout Theatre Company. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  22. ^ "Studio 54". And We Danced. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009.
  23. ^ "Operators of Studio 54 In New York Indicted On Skimming Receipts". The Wall Street Journal. June 29, 1979. p. 22. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 134444214.
  24. ^ a b c d "Behind the Studio 54 Door" by Rosemary Feitelberg, Women's Wear Daily, August 16, 2011
  25. ^ a b Norma Skurka (July 17, 1977). "Design". The New York Times Magazine. pp. 34–35. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  26. ^ Hamilton, William L. (November 27, 1997). "Studio 54 Reawakens, and No Hangover". The New York Times. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  27. ^ Trebay, Guy; Ferla, Ruth La (March 12, 2020). "As Studio 54 Boogies to Brooklyn, Its Denizens Look Back in Wonder". The New York Times. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  28. ^ Yuan, Jada (April 27, 2007). "Studio 54 – Where Those Who Were There Then Are Now". New York Magazine. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  29. ^ "Studio 54's Cast List: A Who's Who of the 1970s Nightlife Circuit". Vanity Fair. September 4, 2013. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  30. ^ Blau, Eleanor (May 22, 1977). "Liquor Authority Head Stops Discothèque's Music". The New York Times.
  31. ^ Weber, Bruce (July 10, 2009). "Robert Isabell, Who Turned Events Into Wondrous Occasions, Dies at 57". The New York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  32. ^ a b c d e Robinson, Katie (April 27, 2017). "25 Incredible Photos of Celebrities Partying at Studio 54, photo of Woody Allen and Michael Jackson". Town & Country. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  33. ^ Simon Hattenstone (October 25, 2015). "Drew Barrymore: 'My mother locked me up in an institution at 13. Boo hoo! I needed it'". The Guardian. ... when Drew was nine, Jaid [her mother] took her to Studio 54 ...
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Studio 54: 10 Wild Stories From Club's Debauched Heyday" by Jordan Runtagh (citing Haden-Guest 1997), Rolling Stone, April 26, 2017
  35. ^ "Studio 54 owner looks back at partying with Rick James and others in new book". Daily News, New York
  36. ^ "On Studio 54's 40th birthday check out these incredible photos of the disco paradise" by Leonie Cooper, NME
  37. ^ a b c Valenti, Lauren (June 16, 2018). "Glitter, Gold And Sequins Galore: The 20 Most Iconic Looks From Studio 54". British Vogue. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  38. ^ a b c "10 Crazy Things That Happened at Studio 54". mentalfloss.com. April 26, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  39. ^ a b Hofler, Robert (2010). Party Animals: A Hollywood Tale of Sex, Drugs, and Rock 'n' Roll Starring the Fabulous Allan Carr. Hachette. p. 119. ISBN 9780306818943.
  40. ^ Wayne Barrett (March 5, 1979). "The Birthday Boy: Roy Cohn is 52 at 54". The Village Voice. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  41. ^ "Alice Cooper Remembers His Encounter with Salvador Dalí". AnotherMan. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  42. ^ a b Morley, Paul (August 20, 2009). "Disco years: Studio 54 and New York City in the 70s". The Guardian. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  43. ^ " A riveting biopic of the legendary NYC disco club" by Joyce Glasser, Mature Times, June 15, 2018
  44. ^ a b c d e f Hooton, Christopher (May 31, 2018). "Studio 54: 15 things we learned about the hedonists' mecca from the new documentary". The Independent. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  45. ^ a b c d e "Party at Studio 54 with Betty Ford May 21, 1979" by Robin Platzer, Northwest Indiana Times, July 14, 2011
  46. ^ Maureen Dowd (April 21, 2019). "This Vampire Is Vegan". Style. The New York Times. p. 1.
  47. ^ "Why Studio 54 Still Lives on in Our Imaginations" by Bob Colacello, Vanity Fair, August 22, 2017
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Hasse Persson [sv] (2015). Studio 54. Max Ström [sv]. ISBN 9789171263292
  49. ^ a b "Cher, Grace Jones and zipless dresses: why Studio 54 still defines dancefloor dressing" by Lauren Cochrane and Scarlett Conlon, The Guardian, May 29, 2018
  50. ^ "Going Bankrupt at Age 25 Changed Tommy Hilfiger's Life—for the Better" by Monte Burke and Tommy Hilfiger, Forbes, September 5, 2013
  51. ^ a b c d e f g Wild, Chris (October 17, 2014). "Studio 54: The Star-Magnet of the 1970s". Mashable. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  52. ^ "Fran Lebowitz Doesn't Dance Anymore" by Vince Aletti, The Paris Review, November 26, 2018; originally in The Village Voice, March 20, 1990
  53. ^ a b Dool, Steve (October 9, 2017). "Disco and debauchery inside Studio 54". CNN Style. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  54. ^ "One Night at Studio 54" (photos), vintag.es, October 1, 2015
  55. ^ Gleick, Elizabeth (January 1, 2015). "Geraldo Rivera". People.com. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  56. ^ "Geraldo's Last Laugh". Nymag.com. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  57. ^ "Brooke Shields". Late Night with Jimmy Fallon (Interview). New York City: NBC. February 7, 2011. Archived from the original on August 20, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
  58. ^ "A Snapshot of Gay London Clubbing From One of Its Pioneer DJs, Tallulah", July 2004 interview, DJHistory.com, via Red Bull Music Academy, Bill Brewster, June 22, 2016
  59. ^ "DJ Tallulah" (obituary), The Times, April 8, 2008
  60. ^ Eckardt, Stephanie (July 15, 2017). "That Time Andy Warhol Kissed John Lennon, and More Studio 54-Era Snapshots". W Magazine. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  61. ^ "New Again: Alec Baldwin". Interview Magazine. June 19, 2012. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  62. ^ Buskin, Richard (April 2005). "Classic Tracks: Chic – 'Le Freak' ". Sound on Sound. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
  63. ^ Flint, Peter B. (July 27, 1989). "Steve Rubell, Studio 54's Creator And a 'Pasha of Disco', Dies at 45". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  64. ^ H.lubasch, Arnold (June 29, 1979). "Two Who Own Studio 54 Cited On Tax Charges". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  65. ^ "Studio 54 owners admit tax evasion". The Miami News. Associated Press. November 2, 1979. p. 12A.
  66. ^ Neill, Michael; Little, Benilde; Gross, Ken (August 14, 1989). "Steve Rubell, Studio 54's Puckish Ringmaster, Follows His Club into History". People. Vol. 32, no. 7.
  67. ^ Abrahams, Andrew (December 10, 1990). "With Prison and Steve Rubell's Death Behind Him, Studio 54's Ian Schrager Is Back on Top with a Hot New Hotel". People. Vol. 34, no. 23.
  68. ^ Lubasch, Arnold H. (January 19, 1980). "Two Studio 54 Owners Are Given 3 Years for Evading U.S. Taxes; No Appeal Is Possible 2 Studio 54 Owners Get 3 Years". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  69. ^ Parker, Jerry (February 4, 1980). "Early to bed for Studio 54 owners". Newsday. p. 103. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  70. ^ "Studio 54 Owners to Be Paroled". The New York Times. October 23, 1980. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  71. ^ Nir, Sarah Maslin (January 18, 2017). "On Obama's Pardon List: A Hotel Magnate Who Owned Studio 54". The New York Times. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  72. ^ "Reality News; Studio 54". The New York Times. August 30, 1981. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  73. ^ Zito, Tom (September 17, 1981). "The Seen Scene: New York's Studio 54 Rises From the Ruins The Seen Scene's Back". The Washington Post. p. C1. ProQuest 147253265.
  74. ^ "Studio 54 Photos: See What the Legendary Nightclub Was Like in Its Heyday", Billboard, February 22, 2018
  75. ^ "Inside Studio 54 Takes You Behind the Velvet Rope, and into Some Dark Corners" by Glen Weldon, NPR, September 23, 2017
  76. ^ "Haoui Montaug; Disco Doorman, 39". The New York Times. June 12, 1991. p. 25.
  77. ^ Thom Loverro, Paul Heyman, Tommy Dreamer. The Rise & Fall of ECW. Gallery Books (2007). ISBN 978-1416513124[page needed]
  78. ^ a b c d Howe, Marvine (December 19, 1993). "Neighborhood Report: Midtown; A Stripped-Down Studio 54 For the Post-Disco Era". The New York Times. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
  79. ^ Stasi, Linda (July 20, 1993). "It Sure Looks Like Woody Gets to Drink the Water". Daily News. p. 11. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
  80. ^ "Is Nothing Sacred?". Daily News. November 28, 1993. p. 649. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
  81. ^ a b Rostler, Suzanne (June 5, 1994). "Disco-ing, going, gone at Studio 54". Daily News. p. 238. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
  82. ^ "Manhattan Minute". The New York Times. June 5, 1994. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
  83. ^ Deutsch, Claudia H. (June 22, 1994). "Real Estate; A well-received auction of New York properties was a pitchman's dream, and a successful one". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
  84. ^ Radomsky, Rosalie R. (July 23, 1995). "Neighborhood Report: Midtown; Old Studio 54 Recycled Again: Virtual Reality". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
  85. ^ "Studio 54's Reopening a Virtual Reality". Daily News. August 22, 1996. p. 1140. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
  86. ^ Greenhouse, Steven (July 22, 1998). "Construction Collapse in Times Square: the Accident; Scaffold Collapses, Paralyzing Times Square". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 15, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
  87. ^ a b McKinley, Jesse (September 25, 1998). "On Stage and Off; Swinging Again At Studio 54". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  88. ^ "Star Power". Newsday. October 1, 1998. p. 105. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
  89. ^ a b c d e "More At This Theatre: Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
  90. ^ a b Cabaret (1998 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Cabaret, Broadway @ Kit Kat Klub". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  91. ^ Holusha, John (October 1, 2003). "Commercial Real Estate: Regional Market – Manhattan; As Cabaret Nears End, Cabaret Still Has a Place". The New York Times. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  92. ^ "Roundabout Buys Former Disco Studio 54 as Its New Musical Home". Playbill. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
  93. ^ Hetter, Katia (February 13, 2002). "Roundabout to Buy Studio 54". Newsday. p. 47. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
  94. ^ a b Assassins (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Assassins, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  95. ^ a b Green, Jesse (April 11, 2004). "THEATER; Surviving 'Assassins'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
  96. ^ a b Pacific Overtures (2004 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Pacific Overtures, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  97. ^ a b Gates, Anita (December 24, 2004). "The Listings; 'Welcome to Kanagawa'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
  98. ^ "Roundabout Theatre Company 04-05 Annual Report". Roundabout Theatre Company. 2005. Retrieved February 7, 2022 – via Issuu.
  99. ^ a b A Streetcar Named Desire (2005 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "A Streetcar Named Desire, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  100. ^ a b Brantley, Ben (April 27, 2005). "A Weak Erotic Charge Flickers in the New Orleans Heat". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
  101. ^ a b A Touch of the Poet (2005 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "A Touch of the Poet, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  102. ^ a b Brantley, Ben (December 9, 2005). "The Transformation of a Poseur, and the Loved Ones Who Suffer the Consequences". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
  103. ^ Paulson, Michael (March 12, 2020). "Broadway, Symbol of New York Resilience, Shuts Down Amid Virus Threat". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  104. ^ a b Green, Jesse (October 28, 2021). "Review: Caroline, or Change Makes History's Heartbreak Sing". The New York Times. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  105. ^ The Threepenny Opera (2006 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Threepenny Opera, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  106. ^ The Apple Tree (2006 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "The Apple Tree, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  107. ^ 110 in the Shade (2007 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "110 in the Shade, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  108. ^ The Ritz (2007 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "The Ritz, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  109. ^ Sunday in the Park with George (2008 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Sunday in the Park with George, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  110. ^ Pal Joey (2008 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Pal Joey, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  111. ^ Waiting for Godot (2009 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Waiting for Godot, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  112. ^ Wishful Drinking (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Wishful Drinking, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  113. ^ Sondheim on Sondheim (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Sondheim on Sondheim, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  114. ^ Brief Encounter (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Brief Encounter, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  115. ^ The People in the Picture (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "The People in the Picture, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  116. ^ Harvey (2012 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Harvey, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  117. ^ The Mystery of Edwin Drood (2012 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "The Mystery of Edwin Drood, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  118. ^ Cabaret (2014 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Cabaret, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  119. ^ An Act of God (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "An Act of God, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  120. ^ Thérèse Raquin (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Thérèse Raquin, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  121. ^ She Loves Me (2016 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "She Loves Me Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  122. ^ Holiday Inn, The New Irving Berlin Musical (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Holiday Inn, The New Irving Berlin Musical, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  123. ^ Sweat (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Sweat, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  124. ^ Latin History for Morons (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Latin History for Morons, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  125. ^ Children of a Lesser God (2018 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Children of a Lesser God, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  126. ^ The Lifespan of a Fact (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "The Lifespan of a Fact, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  127. ^ Kiss Me, Kate (2019 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Kiss Me, Kate, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  128. ^ The Sound Inside (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "The Sound Inside, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  129. ^ Caroline, or Change (2021 Revival) at the Internet Broadway Database; "Caroline, or Change, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  130. ^ The Minutes (Original) at the Internet Broadway Database; "The Minutes, Broadway @ Studio 54". Playbill. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  131. ^ Bain, Katie (May 21, 2020). "Studio 54 to Launch Record Label Focused on Modern Disco". Billboard. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  132. ^ a b "Legendary New York club Studio 54 is starting a label". Mixmag. May 15, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  133. ^ Martoccio, Angie (October 21, 2020). "'Studio 54: Night Magic': See Photos from Brooklyn Museum's Exhibit". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  134. ^ "Label of the month: Studio 54 Music Carrying the torch". International DJ Mag. August 10, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  135. ^ Adams, Mark (November 16, 2011). "54 days to go until Studio 54 Las Vegas closes". Las Vegas Weekly.
  136. ^ Chaplin, Julia (June 10, 2001). "Once So Hot and Now, Can It Be Again?". The New York Times.
  137. ^ Lang, Brent (May 21, 2018). "Studio 54 Sells to Zeitgeist Films and Kino Lorber (Exclusive)". Variety. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
  138. ^ Kenny, Glenn (October 4, 2018). "Review: Against the Odds, Studio 54 Sheds Light on the Club". The New York Times. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
  139. ^ Trailer of Studio 54 on YouTube, Matt Tyrnauer's documentary
  140. ^ Clark, Evan (October 10, 2019). "Still Partying With Studio 54". Women's Wear Daily. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
  141. ^ "Dua Lipa: Studio 2054 live stream review – perfect escapist pop". The Guardian. November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  142. ^ Turchiano, Danielle (August 13, 2021). "FX Orders American Love Story and American Sports Story Anthologies, Has Studio 54: American Crime Story Officially in Development". Variety. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  143. ^ "Tickets für STUDIO36 jetzt direkt im offiziellen SO36 Shop kaufen!". www.so36.com (in German). Retrieved December 15, 2021.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Studio_54&oldid=1080817293"