2022 in politics and government

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Events pertaining to world affairs in 2022, national politics, public policy, government, world economics, and international business, that took place in various nations, regions, organizations, around the world in 2022.

Events[edit]

January[edit]

  • January 12
    • The Geneva meeting was followed by a meeting of the NATO–Russia Council in Brussels on 12 January that brought together all 30 NATO members and Russia to discuss, according to the official statement issued by NATO, "the situation in and around Ukraine, and the implications for European security";[4] the Russian ministry of defence's statement following the meeting said, "[Russia] brought Russian assessments of the current state in the field of euro-security, and also gave explanations on the military aspects of the Russian draft agreement on security guarantees".[5] The talks were judged by Russia to be unsuccessful.[6] Following the meeting, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said that, with respect to Ukraine's potential accession to NATO, all NATO Allies were "united on the core principle that each and every nation has the right to choose his own path" and "Russia doesn't have a veto on whether Ukraine can become a NATO member. ... at the end of the day, it has to be NATO Allies and Ukraine that decides on membership."[7]
  • January 14
    • The United States said that the Russian government had deployed saboteurs to eastern Ukraine to stage a fabricated attack on Russian proxy separatists in eastern Donetsk and Luhansk to provide Putin with a pretext for a renewed invasion of Ukraine. The U.S. said that the Russian operatives were trained in urban warfare and explosives.[8][9][10] The Russian government denied seeking a pretext to invade.[10]
    • the Danish government decided to provide a €22 million defense package for Ukraine.[11]
    • Ukraine was struck by a cyberattack against the websites of the Ukrainian foreign affairs ministry, education ministry, and others; the perpetrators were suspected to be Russian hackers.[12] On the same day, Ukrainian military intelligence said that special services of Russia were preparing "provocations" against Russian soldiers stationed in Transnistria, a breakaway unrecognized state internationally considered to be part of Moldova, to create a pretext for a Russian invasion of Ukraine.[13]
  • January 17
    • Beginning in January 2022, the Russians began a slow evacuation of personnel from its embassy in Kyiv; it was unclear if the withdrawals of the personnel were "part propaganda, part preparation for a conflict or part feint" or some combination.[14]
  • January 18
    • By mid-January 2022, a Ukrainian Defense Ministry's intelligence assessment estimated that the Russians had almost completed a military buildup on the Ukrainian border, amassing 127,000 troops in the region (of which 106,000 were Russian Armed Forces land group forces and the remaining being sea and air forces) and further supporting more than 35,000 Russian-backed separatist forces and 3,000 Russian forces in rebel-held eastern Ukraine.[15] The assessment estimated that Russia had deployed 36 Iskander medium-range ballistic missile systems near the Ukrainian borders of Ukraine, each with a range of 500–700 km (310–430 miles), many stationed within striking distance of Kyiv.[15] The assessment also reported intensified Russian intelligence and combat sustainment units, such as movements of ammunition and field hospitals.[15][16]
    • Russian troops were reported to have sent an unspecified number of troops into Belarus. The official reason was to conduct war games with Belarus in the following month, however several officials from Ukraine and the White House stated that the troop presence in Belarus would be used to attack Ukraine from the north, especially since the Ukrainian capital Kyiv is located very close to the Belarusian–Ukrainian border.[17][18][19][20]
  • January 19
    • U.S. President Biden predicted that Russia "will move in" to Ukraine but that Putin would pay "a serious and dear price" for an invasion and would regret it.[21] Biden added, "It's one thing if it's a minor incursion and we end up having to fight about what to do and not do. But if they actually do what they're capable of doing with the forces amassed on the border, it is going to be a disaster for Russia if they further invade Ukraine."[22] Biden's comment implied that NATO allies were split on the question of how to respond to a "minor incursion" into Ukraine,[22][23] and the remark was criticized by Ukrainian officials, as well as and some world leaders and members of the U.S. Congress, for implying that lower-level Russian aggression would not be met with a forceful response.[24] Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy wrote, "We want to remind the great powers that there are no minor incursions and small nations. Just as there are no minor casualties and little grief from the loss of loved ones."[25][26] The next day the U.S. administration clarified Biden's comments, with Biden saying: "he has been 'absolutely clear' with President Putin. He has no misunderstanding. If any — any — assembled Russian units move across the Ukrainian border, that is an invasion ... It would be met with severe and coordinated economic response."[24]
  • January 20
  • January 21
    • In an interview to The Washington Post in January 2022, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy warned that Russian forces could invade and take control of regions in eastern Ukraine, such as the Kharkiv Oblast; he also argued that an invasion would lead to a large-scale war between Ukraine and the Russian Federation.[30]
    • the Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs, Wopke Hoekstra, said that the Netherlands was ready to deliver "defensive military support" to Ukraine. He explained that Ukraine had asked the Netherlands for arms assistance on 20 January 2022. A parliamentary majority supported sending weapons to the country.[31][32] Furthermore, the Netherlands said it would send two F-35s to Bulgaria as part of NATO's expanded air surveillance mission.[33][34]
    • the Communist Party of the Russian Federation announced on Pravda that its deputies would introduce a resolution in the State Duma to ask President Putin to officially recognize the (breakaway (from Ukraine) republic's) Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic.[35][36]
    • Lavrov and U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken met in Geneva. Blinken emphasized "was not a negotiation but a candid exchange of concerns and ideas".[37] Following the meeting, Blinken said that the U.S. had made clear to Russia that its renewed invasion would "be met with swift, severe and a united response from the United States and our partners and allies."[38] The U.S. delivered a formal written response to Russia's demands on 26 January. The response rejected Moscow's demand that Ukraine never join NATO. Blinken stated that the documents outlined "concerns of the United States and our allies and partners about Russia's actions that undermine security, a principled and pragmatic evaluation of the concerns that Russia has raised, and our own proposals for areas where we may be able to find common ground."[39]
  • January 22
    • the British government said that Russia was organizing a plan to supplant Ukraine's government via military force and install a pro-Russian puppet administration in the country, potentially led by Yevheniy Murayev, a former member of the Ukrainian parliament.[40][41] Murayev[42] and the Russian government denied the allegation, with the latter blaming the "NATO countries, led by the Anglo-Saxons" for the Ukraine crisis.[43]
    • the Biden administration also granted permission to the Baltic nations (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) to transfer U.S.-made equipment to Ukraine. [44][45][46][47] Estonia donated FGM-148 Javelin anti-tank missiles to Ukraine, while Latvia and Lithuania provided FIM-92 Stinger air defense systems and associated equipment.[48] Other NATO members also provided aid to Ukraine. Prexisting UK and Canadian military training programs were bolstered in January 2022, with the British deploying additional military trainers and providing light anti-armor defense systems, and the Canadians deploying a small special forces delegation to aid Ukraine.
  • January 26
    • A Normandy Format meeting was planned between Russian, Ukrainian, German and French senior officials in Paris on 26 January 2022,[49] with a followup phone call between the French and Russian presidents Macron and Putin on 28 January.[50] Ukraine fulfilled Russia's condition for a meeting in Paris and decided to withdraw from Parliament the controversial draft law on the reintegration of the Crimea and Donbas region, because it was viewed that the law was contrary to the Minsk peace agreements.[51][52]

February[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jenkins, Amanda (February 5, 2019). "Copyright Breakdown: The Music Modernization Act | Now See Hear!". blogs.loc.gov. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  2. ^ "Ukraine says arrests Russian agent planning attacks in Odessa". MSN. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  3. ^ Shum, Michael (30 December 2021). "Lawmakers prepare for oaths as Leung tipped to keep top post". The Standard. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  4. ^ "NATO-Russia Council meets in Brussels". NATO. 12 January 2022. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  5. ^ "Deputy Minister of Defence of the Russian Federation Colonel-General Alexander Fomin at a meeting of the Russia–NATO Council brought Russian assessments of the current state in the field of euro-security". Ministry of Defence of Russia. 12 January 2022. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  6. ^ "Russia says NATO talks 'unsuccessful' as Poland warns of war". Al Jazeera. 13 January 2022. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Press conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg following the meeting of the NATO-Russia Council". NATO. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  8. ^ David E. Sanger, U.S. Says Russia Sent Saboteurs Into Ukraine to Create Pretext for Invasion Archived 22 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, New York Times (14 January 2022).
  9. ^ Paul Sonne, Missy Ryan and John Hudson, Russia planning potential sabotage operations in Ukraine, U.S. says Archived 14 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post (14 January 2022).
  10. ^ a b "Russia denies looking for pretext to invade Ukraine". Associated Press. 17 January 2022. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  11. ^ Hugh Chisholm; James Louis Garvin (1926). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information. Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Limited.
  12. ^ Harding, Luke (14 January 2022). "Ukraine hit by 'massive' cyber-attack on government websites". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  13. ^ "Russia is preparing a pretext for invading Ukraine: US official". Al Jazeera. 14 January 2022. Archived from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  14. ^ Michael Schwirtz & David E. Sanger, Russia Thins Out Its Embassy in Ukraine, a Possible Clue to Putin’s Next Move Archived 22 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, New York Times (17 January 2022).
  15. ^ a b c Matthew Chance, Kylie Atwood, Emmet Lyons & Ami Kaufman, Ukraine warns Russia has 'almost completed' build-up of forces near border Archived 21 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, CNN (18 January 2022).
  16. ^ Will Russia make a military move against Ukraine? Follow these clues. Archived 22 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Atlantic Council (20 January 2022).
  17. ^ "Russia sending more troops to Belarus amid rising tensions with Ukraine – National | Globalnews.ca". Global News. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  18. ^ "US fears arrival of Russian troops could lead to nuclear weapons in Belarus". France 24. 18 January 2022. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  19. ^ "Russia moves more troops westward amid Ukraine tensions". ABC News. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  20. ^ Lejeune, Tristan (18 January 2022). "Russia sends troops to Belarus for war games". The Hill. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  21. ^ David E. Sanger, Biden Predicts Putin Will Order Ukraine Invasion, but 'Will Regret Having Done It' Archived 22 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, New York Times (19 January 2022).
  22. ^ a b Kevin Liptak, Biden predicts Russia 'will move in' to Ukraine, but says 'minor incursion' may prompt discussion over consequences Archived 22 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, CNN (19 January 2022).
  23. ^ Maanvi Singh & Joan E Greve, Biden warns Russia will 'pay a heavy price' if Putin launches Ukraine invasion – as it happened Archived 22 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian (20 January 2022).
  24. ^ a b Tracy Wilkinson, Biden's "minor incursion' comment roils diplomatic efforts to halt Russian invasion of Ukraine Archived 22 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles Times (20 January 2022).
  25. ^ Matthew Brown, 'There are no minor incursions': Ukrainian president rebukes Biden over remarks on Russian invasion Archived 21 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, USA Today (20 January 2022).
  26. ^ Jeremy Herb, Ukrainian President pushes back on Biden: 'There are no minor incursions' Archived 22 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, CNN (20 January 2022).
  27. ^ "Russia to hold major navy drills involving all its fleets". Reuters. 20 January 2022. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  28. ^ a b "Spain sends warships to Black Sea, considers sending warplanes". Reuters. 20 January 2022. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  29. ^ EFE (22 January 2022). "La fragata española Blas de Lezo ya está rumbo al mar Negro para participar en las maniobras de la OTAN". Cadena SER (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  30. ^ "Perspective | Volodymyr Zelensky: 'Everyone will lose' if Russia invades Ukraine". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  31. ^ "Foreign Min. open to giving Ukraine military support as Russian troop build-up continues". NL Times. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  32. ^ "NL will look sympathetically at Ukraine requests for defence support". 21 January 2022. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  33. ^ "The Netherlands will Send two F-35 Fighters to Bulgaria". Novinite. 22 January 2022. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022.
  34. ^ "F-35 to make NATO Southern Air Policing debut". Janes Information Services. 21 January 2022. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  35. ^ "Признать Донецкую и Луганскую народные республики!". Pravda (in Russian). 21 January 2022. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022.
  36. ^ Sukhov, Oleg (21 January 2022). "Russian parliament to consider recognizing Donbas proxies as independent states". The Kyiv Independent. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022.
  37. ^ "Secretary Antony J. Blinken at a Press Availability". U.S. Department of State. 21 January 2022. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  38. ^ "U.S. and Russia agree to keep talking after meeting on Ukraine". Reuters. 21 January 2022. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  39. ^ Jeremy Herb, Kylie Atwood and Jennifer Hansler, Blinken announces US has delivered written responses to Russia over Ukraine crisis, CNN (January 26, 2022).
  40. ^ Michael Schwirtz; David E. Sanger; Mark Landler (22 January 2022). "Britain Says Moscow Is Plotting to Install a Pro-Russian Leader in Ukraine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  41. ^ Paul Sonne; John Hudson; Shane Harris (22 January 2022). "U.K. accuses Russia of scheming to install a pro-Kremlin government in Ukraine". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  42. ^ "Explainer-Who is Yevhen Murayev, named by Britain as Kremlin's pick to lead Ukraine?". Euronews. 23 January 2022. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  43. ^ "UK warns of Russian 'plot' to replace Ukraine government". Deutsche Welle. 23 January 2022.
  44. ^ Sebastian Sprenger, Baltic states tout US-approved weapon shipments to Ukraine Archived 23 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Defense News (21 January 2022).
  45. ^ "Estonia plans to supply Ukraine with heavy weapons". EURACTIV. 3 January 2022. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  46. ^ "Latvia will send weapons to Ukraine – defense minister". Ukrinform. 6 January 2022. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  47. ^ "Lithuania ready to supply lethal weapons to Ukraine – minister". LRT. 20 December 2021. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  48. ^ "Baltic states step up in arming Ukraine against potential Russian incursion". Politico. 21 January 2022. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  49. ^ "Political advisers to hold four-way talks on Ukraine in Paris". Thomson Reuters. 2022-01-22. Archived from the original on 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  50. ^ "Scholz, Macron say diplomacy can fix Ukraine-Russia standoff". Deutsche Welle. 2022-01-25. Archived from the original on 2022-01-25. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  51. ^ "At Russia's request, Kiev withdrew the law on Crimea and Donbas from parliament". News Fox24. 25 January 2022. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  52. ^ "Macron plans diplomatic phone call with Putin to calm Ukrainian crisis". The Irish Times. 26 January 2022.
  53. ^ "Russia's reported military action so far". BBC. February 24, 2022. Retrieved February 24, 2022.
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