Sociology of small groups
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Sociology of small groups is a subfield of sociology that studies the action, interaction and the types of social groups that result from social relations.[1] In social life, society is a large social group which contains many subgroups.[2] It is a characteristic of social groups that small groups are in large groups.[2] The sociology of small groups covers the various small groups contained in societies at the microsociological level.[3]
Definition[edit]
The definition of sociology of small groups was first introduced by the French author and sociologist Gabriel Tarde.[4] Small groups are groups of a small number of members with intense interaction between them.[5] The sociology of small groups has also been defined as a field research[6] and the study of sociology of community.[7]
Timeline[edit]
The USA has developed psychological warfare tactics based on the knowledge of sociology of small groups and social psychology against the communities belonging to different cultures that it has encountered in various countries.[8] Johan Galtung, in his paper at a conference on international relations in 1966, put forward the idea that the sociology of small groups is useful for the study of international relations.[9] Galtung pointed out, in particular, that not only "tangible" international relations, but also "abstract" international relations can be understood in terms of the sociology of small groups.[9]
Research[edit]
One of the primary research interests of the sociology of small groups is how group characteristics affect decision-making.[10] This type of research has focused on a wide variety of real groups, such as aircrew, submarine crews, protest organizers, business meetings, and juries.[11] One of the most consistent findings of research in small groups is that the opinions of group members become even more similar over time, a process known as "choice shift".[12] Muzafer Sherif described the research findings on small groups as "One of the most consistent findings of research on small groups is the tendency of group members' opinions to convergence (or be more similar) over time."[13]
Field study[edit]
Cultural anthropologists provided data on groups living under different conditions. Political scientists have studied the functioning of legislative groups, pressure groups, and the impact of group membership on voting.[14]
Small groups[edit]
Theodore M. Mills suggested that a person belongs to an average of five or six groups at a time, and that there are about four or five billion small groups that have settled.[15] According to Mills, a person spends most of their waking hours interacting with one group or anothers.[15] Mills defined these groups as family groups, friend groups, business partners, club groups, associations, girls club, and committees[16] According to Mills, it's not the first time he's been some of these groups/families are relatively separate compared to boards of directors that are part of larger units.[15] Mills defines those groups as; construction gangs, hunting parties, municipal councils, ceremonial dance teams, bomber teams, and athletics teams.[15]
Observing[edit]
Mills defined the reason for studying small groups as social psychology.[15] Mills explained as "Since social pressures and pressures from the individual come together in a small group, it is a convenient context to observe and experiment with the interaction between these pressures. Scientific research can lead to general laws about how individuals deal with social realities".[15][17]
References[edit]
- Notes
- ^ Kaya 2008, p. End.
- ^ a b Kaya 2008, p. 9.
- ^ Kaya 2008, p. 10.
- ^ Baker 2017, p. 143.
- ^ Özkalp 2002, p. 11.
- ^ Tüfekçioğlu 2003, p. 21.
- ^ İstanbul Üniversitesi 2002, p. 1988.
- ^ Vurucu 2016, p. 114.
- ^ a b Sutton 1977, p. 103.
- ^ Brinkerhoff 2013, p. 103.
- ^ Gastil 2007, pp. 337–359.
- ^ Brinkerhoff 2013, p. 104.
- ^ Sherif 1936, p. 121.
- ^ Mills 1967, p. 1.
- ^ a b c d e f Mills 1967, p. 2.
- ^ Fitzpatrick 1974, p. 3.
- ^ Faris 1953, pp. 155–184.
- Resources
- Kaya, Kamil (2008). Küçük gruplar sosyolojisi (2. bsk ed.). Isparta: Fakülte Kitabevi. ISBN 978-975-7135-85-2. OCLC 984441381.
- Baker, Ulus (2017-08-28). Yüzeybilim Fragmanlar (in Turkish). İletişim Yayınları. ISBN 978-975-05-1613-9.
- Davranış Bilimlerine Giriş. Enver Özkalp, Anadolu Üniversitesi. Açıköğretim Fakültesi (1. baskı ed.). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi. 2002. ISBN 975-06-0095-9. OCLC 53830577.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - Tüfekçi̇oğlu, Hayati (2003). "Frederic Le Play'in Tarih Anlayışı".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Prof. Dr. Mehmet Eröz'e armağan (in Turkish). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İktisat Fakültesi. 1988.
- Vurucu, Gürsoy Akça, İkbal (2016-07-20). Savaş ve Toplum Savaş Üzerine Yazılar (in Turkish). Eğitim Yayınevi. ISBN 978-605-9831-88-8.
- Sutton, Paul K. (1977). "Patterns of Foreign Policy Among the Independent States of Central America and the Caribbean 1948-1964: A Quantitative Approach". Social and Economic Studies. 26 (2): 121–145. ISSN 0037-7651. JSTOR 27861650.
- Brinkerhoff, David B.; Ortega, Suzanne T.; Weitz, Rose (2013-01-21). Essentials of Sociology. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-285-54589-9.
- Gastil, John; Burkhalter, Stephanie; Black, Laura W. (2007). "Do Juries Deliberate? A Study of Deliberation, Individual Difference, and Group Member Satisfaction at a Municipal Courthouse". Small Group Research. 38 (3): 337–359. doi:10.1177/1046496407301967. ISSN 1046-4964. S2CID 145146983.
- Sherif, Muzafer (1965). The psychology of social norms. New York: Octagon Books. ISBN 978-0-374-97353-7. OCLC 6211339.
- Mills, Theodore M. (1967). The sociology of small groups. Internet Archive. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall.
- Faris, Robert E. L (1953). "Development of the Small Group Research Movement," Chapter 7 in M. Sherif and M. O. Wilson (eds.), Group Relations at the Crossroads. New York: Harper. p. 155-184.
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