116th United States Congress
116th United States Congress | |
---|---|
115th ← → 117th | |
![]() United States Capitol (2020) | |
January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2021 | |
Members | 100 senators 435 representatives 6 non-voting delegates |
Senate Majority | Republican |
Senate President | Mike Pence (R) |
House Majority | Democratic |
House Speaker | Nancy Pelosi (D) |
Sessions | |
1st: January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2020 2nd: January 3, 2020 – January 3, 2021 |
The 116th United States Congress was the meeting of the 116th legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021, during the final two years of Donald Trump's presidency. Senators elected to regular terms in 2014 finished their terms in this Congress, and House seats were apportioned based on the 2010 Census.
In the November 2018 midterm elections, the Democratic Party won a new majority in the House, while the Republican Party increased its majority in the Senate. Consequently, this was the first split Congress since the 113th Congress of 2013–2015, and the first Republican Senate–Democratic House split since the 99th Congress of 1985–1987. This Congress was the youngest incoming class by mean age in the past three cycles[1] and the most demographically diverse ever.
Upon joining the Libertarian Party on May 1, 2020,[2] Justin Amash became the first member of Congress to represent a political party other than the Democrats or the Republicans since Rep. William Carney, who served as a Conservative before switching to the Republican Party in 1985. Before joining the Libertarian Party, Amash had been serving as an independent since his departure from the Republican Party on July 4, 2019.[3] Paul Mitchell also left the Republicans in December 2020, becoming an independent.[4] Neither incumbent ran for re-election.
Major events[edit]
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220316033758im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg/220px-House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg)
- December 22, 2018 – January 25, 2019: 2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown
- February 5, 2019: 2019 State of the Union Address was delayed from January 29 due to the partial government shutdown.[5]
- February 15, 2019: President Trump declared a National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States.
- February 27, 2019: Former Trump lawyer Michael Cohen testified before the House Oversight and Reform Committee.[6]
- March 24, 2019: Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019): U.S. Attorney General William Barr issued a summary letter of special counsel Robert Mueller's report to congress on the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election.
- July 24, 2019: Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019): Special counsel Robert Mueller testified before the House Judiciary and Intelligence committees.
- September 24, 2019: First impeachment of Donald Trump: House opened an Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump after a whistleblower alleged the President abused his power in a phone call with the President of Ukraine.
- December 13, 2019: First impeachment of Donald Trump: House Judiciary Committee approved two impeachment articles.
- December 18, 2019: First impeachment of Donald Trump: House impeached President Trump.
- January 16, 2020 – February 5, 2020: First impeachment of Donald Trump: Impeachment trial of Donald Trump
- February 4, 2020: 2020 State of the Union Address
- March 11, 2020 – present: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
- May 26, 2020 – present: Nationwide George Floyd protests
- August 18, 2020 – present: 2020 United States Postal Service crisis
- September 30, 2020 – January 20, 2021: White House COVID-19 outbreak
- October 26, 2020: The Senate confirmed Amy Coney Barrett to the United States Supreme Court.
- November 3, 2020: 2020 United States elections were held. Joe Biden was elected the 46th President of the United States and Kamala Harris was elected the 49th Vice President of the United States, the first woman to do so. Democrats retained control of the United States House of Representatives, while Republicans briefly retained control of the Senate until January 20, 2021, because Democrats won both regular and special Senate elections in Georgia on January 5, 2021.
Major legislation[edit]
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220316033758im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Nancy_Pelosi_signs_the_coronavirus_emergency_response.jpg/220px-Nancy_Pelosi_signs_the_coronavirus_emergency_response.jpg)
Enacted[edit]
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220316033758im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Signing_of_John_D._Dingell%2C_Jr._Conservation%2C_Management%2C_and_Recreation_Act_01.jpg/220px-Signing_of_John_D._Dingell%2C_Jr._Conservation%2C_Management%2C_and_Recreation_Act_01.jpg)
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220316033758im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/President_Trump_Signs_an_Executive_Order_%2850119222336%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Signs_an_Executive_Order_%2850119222336%29.jpg)
- January 16, 2019: Government Employee Fair Treatment Act, Pub.L. 116-1
- February 15, 2019: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, Pub.L. 116–6 (text) (PDF), H.J.Res. 31
- March 12, 2019: John D. Dingell Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act, Pub.L. 116–9 (text) (PDF), S. 47
- June 24, 2019: Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act, Pub.L. 116-22
- July 1, 2019: Taxpayer First Act of 2019, H.R. 1957
- July 29, 2019: Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act, Pub.L. 116–34 (text) (PDF), H.R. 1327
- November 27, 2019: Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, Pub.L. 116–76 (text) (PDF), S. 1838
- December 20, 2019: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, Pub.L. 116–92 (text) (PDF), S. 1790
- December 20, 2019: Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement (SECURE) Act as part of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, Pub.L. 116–94 (text) (PDF), S. 1865
- January 29, 2020: United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement Implementation Act, Pub.L. 116–113 (text) (PDF), H.R. 5430
- Coronavirus relief acts:
- March 6, 2020: Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020, Pub.L. 116–123 (text) (PDF), H.R. 6074
- March 18, 2020: Families First Coronavirus Response Act, Pub.L. 116–127 (text) (PDF), H.R. 6201
- March 27, 2020: Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), Pub.L. 116–136 (text) (PDF), H.R. 748
- April 24, 2020: Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act, Pub.L. 116–139 (text) (PDF), H.R. 266
- December 27, 2020: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, H.R. 133
- March 26, 2020: Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative Act, Pub.L. 116–135 (text) (PDF), S. 1678
- June 17, 2020: Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act, Pub.L. 116–145 (text) (PDF), S. 3744
- July 14, 2020: Hong Kong Autonomy Act, Pub.L. 116–149 (text) (PDF), H.R. 7440
- August 4, 2020: Great American Outdoors Act, Pub.L. 116–152 (text) (PDF), S. 1957
- October 10, 2020: Savanna's Act, Pub.L. 116-165
- January 1, 2021: William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Pub.L. 116–217 (text) (PDF), H.R. 6395 (passed over veto)
- January 13, 2021: Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act, Pub.L. 116-338
Proposed (but not enacted)[edit]
- House Bills
- H.R. 1: For the People Act of 2019
- H.R. 2 Moving Forward Act
- H.R. 3: Elijah Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act of 2019
- H.R. 4: John Lewis Voting Rights Act of 2019
- H.R. 5: Equality Act of 2019
- H.R. 6: American Dream and Promise Act of 2019
- H.R. 7: Paycheck Fairness Act of 2019
- H.R. 8: Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019
- H.R. 51: DC Admission Act of 2019
- H.R. 1595: SAFE Banking Act of 2019
- H.R. 3884: Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act of 2019
- H.R. 6800: HEROES Act of 2019
- H.R. 7085: Ending Qualified Immunity Act of 2019
- H.R. 7120: George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2019
- Senate Bills
- House Joint Resolutions
- H.J.Res. 77: "Opposing the decision to end certain United States efforts to prevent Turkish military operations against Syrian Kurdish forces in Northeast Syria"[7]
- H.J.Res. 79: "Removing the deadline for the ratification of the equal rights amendment"
- Passed, but vetoed
- March 15, 2019: H.J.Res. 46: Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019. (Vetoed)
- April 16, 2019: S.J.Res. 7: A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress. (Vetoed)
Major resolutions[edit]
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20220316033758im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/GreenNewDeal_Presser_020719_%287_of_85%29_%2846105849995%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-GreenNewDeal_Presser_020719_%287_of_85%29_%2846105849995%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Adopted[edit]
- October 31, 2019: Formally commencing an impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump, H.Res. 660
- December 18, 2019: "Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors", H.Res. 755
Proposed[edit]
Party summary[edit]
- Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section below.
Senate[edit]
Affiliation | Party (shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | Vacant | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Independent (caucusing with Democrats) |
Republican | |||||
End of previous Congress | 47 | 2 | 50 | 99 | 1 | ||
Begin (January 3, 2019) | 45 | 2 | 52 | 99 | 1 | ||
January 8, 2019[a] | 53 | 100 | 0 | ||||
December 31, 2019[b] | 52 | 99 | 1 | ||||
January 6, 2020[b] | 53 | 100 | 0 | ||||
December 2, 2020[c] | 46 | 52 | |||||
Final voting share | 48.0% | 52.0% | |||||
Beginning of the next Congress | 46 | 2 | 51 | 99 | 1 |
House of Representatives[edit]
Affiliation | Party (shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | Vacant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Independent | Libertarian | Republican | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
End of previous Congress | 196 | 0 | 0 | 236 | 432 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Begin (January 3, 2019)[d] | 235 | 0 | 0 | 199 | 434 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
January 23, 2019[e] | 198 | 433 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
February 10, 2019[f] | 197 | 432 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
May 21, 2019[e] | 198 | 433 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
July 4, 2019[g] | 1 | 197 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
September 10, 2019[d][f] | 199 | 435 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
September 23, 2019[h] | 198 | 434 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
October 1, 2019[i] | 197 | 433 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
October 17, 2019[j] | 234 | 432 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
November 3, 2019[k] | 233 | 431 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 19, 2019[l] | 232 | 198 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
January 13, 2020[m] | 197 | 430 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 30, 2020[n] | 196 | 429 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
April 29, 2020[j] | 233 | 430 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
May 1, 2020[g] | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
May 12, 2020[k][h] | 198 | 432 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
May 22, 2020[o] | 197 | 431 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
June 23, 2020[i] | 198 | 432 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
July 17, 2020[p] | 232 | 431 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
October 4, 2020[q] | 197 | 430 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 1, 2020[p] | 233 | 431 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 7, 2020[r] | 196 | 430 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 14, 2020[s] | 1 | 195 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Final voting share | 54.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 45.3% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-voting members | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning of the next Congress | 222 | 0 | 0 | 211 | 433 | 2 |
Leadership[edit]
Senate[edit]
Presiding[edit]
- President of the Senate: Mike Pence (R)[9]
- President pro tempore: Chuck Grassley (R)[9]
- President pro tempore emeritus: Patrick Leahy (D)
Majority (Republican) leadership[edit]
- Senate Majority Leader: Mitch McConnell[9][10][11]
- Senate Majority Whip: John Thune[9][11]
- Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: John Barrasso[9][12]
- Chair of the Senate Republican Policy Committee: Roy Blunt[9][12]
- Vice Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: Joni Ernst[9][11][12]
- Chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee: Todd Young[9][12]
- Chair of the Senate Republican Steering Committee: Mike Lee[13]
- Senate Republican Chief Deputy Whip: Mike Crapo[14]
- Senate Republican Deputy Whips: Roy Blunt, Shelley Moore Capito, John Cornyn, Cory Gardner, James Lankford, Martha McSally, Rob Portman, Mitt Romney, Tim Scott, Thom Tillis, and Todd Young[14]
Minority (Democratic) leadership[edit]
- Senate Minority Leader and Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Chuck Schumer[9][11]
- Senate Minority Whip: Dick Durbin[9][15]
- Senate Assistant Democratic Leader: Patty Murray[9]
- Chair of the Senate Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Debbie Stabenow[9]
- Vice Chairs of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Mark Warner and Elizabeth Warren[9]
- Chair of the Senate Democratic Steering Committee: Amy Klobuchar[9]
- Chair of Senate Democratic Outreach: Bernie Sanders[9]
- Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Joe Manchin[9]
- Secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Tammy Baldwin[9]
- Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee: Catherine Cortez Masto[16]
- Senate Democratic Chief Deputy Whips: Cory Booker, Jeff Merkley, and Brian Schatz[17]
House of Representatives[edit]
Presiding[edit]
Majority (Democratic) leadership[edit]
- House Majority Leader: Steny Hoyer[18]
- House Majority Whip: Jim Clyburn[19]
- Assistant Speaker of the House: Ben Ray Luján[20]
- Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Hakeem Jeffries[21]
- Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Katherine Clark[22]
- Chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee: Cheri Bustos[23]
- Chair of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: David Cicilline[24]
- Co-Chairs of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Matt Cartwright, Debbie Dingell, and Ted Lieu[24]
- House Democratic Junior Caucus Leadership Representative: Jamie Raskin[24]
- House Democratic Freshman Class Leadership Representatives: Katie Hill (until November 3, 2019), Veronica Escobar (from November 13, 2019), and Joe Neguse[24][25]
- Co-Chairs of the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Rosa DeLauro, Barbara Lee, and Eric Swalwell[24]
- House Democratic Assistant to the Majority Whip: Cedric Richmond[26]
- House Democratic Senior Chief Deputy Whips: John Lewis (until July 17, 2020) and Jan Schakowsky[26]
- House Democratic Chief Deputy Whips: Pete Aguilar, G. K. Butterfield, Henry Cuellar, Dan Kildee, Sheila Jackson Lee, Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Terri Sewell, and Peter Welch[26]
Minority (Republican) leadership[edit]
- House Minority Leader and Chair of the House Republican Steering Committee: Kevin McCarthy[11][27]
- House Minority Whip: Steve Scalise[11][27]
- Chair of the House Republican Conference: Liz Cheney[11][27]
- Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference: Mark Walker[27]
- Secretary of the House Republican Conference: Jason Smith[27]
- Chair of the House Republican Policy Committee: Gary Palmer[27]
- Chair of the National Republican Congressional Committee: Tom Emmer[27]
- House Republican Chief Deputy Whip: Drew Ferguson[28]
Demographics[edit]
Most members of this Congress were Christian (88.2%), with approximately half being Protestant and 30.5% being Catholic. Jewish membership is 6.4%. Other religions represented included Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism. One senator said that she was religiously unaffiliated, while the number of members refusing to specify their religious affiliation increased.[29][30][31]
Roughly 96% of members held college degrees. All but 128 members were white and all but 131 members were men.[32]
Senate[edit]
The Senate included 74 men and 26 women, the most women to date. In 6 states, both senators were women; 14 states were represented by 1 man and 1 woman; and 30 states were represented by 2 men. During this Congress, Johnny Isakson retired for health reasons and Kelly Loeffler was appointed, which increased the number of women from 25 after the 2018 elections to 26. There were 91 non-Hispanic white, 4 Hispanic, 2 Black, 2 Asian, and 1 multiracial (Black/Asian) senators. Additionally, 2 senators were LGBTQ+.[1][33][better source needed] The average age of Senators at the beginning of this congress was 62.9 years.[32]
House of Representatives[edit]
There were 101 women in the House, the largest number in history.[34] There were 313 non-Hispanic white, 56 Black, 44 Hispanic, 15 Asian, and 4 Native American congress members. Eight were LGBTQ+.[35] Two Democrats — Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Donna Shalala — were the youngest (30) and oldest (78) freshmen women in history.[36] Freshmen Rashida Tlaib (D-MI) and Ilhan Omar (DFL-MN) were the first two Muslim women and freshmen Sharice Davids (D-KS) and Deb Haaland (D-NM) were the first two Native American women elected as well.[37] The average age of Members of the House at the beginning of the 116th Congress was 57.6 years.[32]
With the election of Carolyn Maloney as the first woman to chair the House Oversight Committee,[38] women chaired a record six House committees in a single Congress (out of 26 women to ever chair House committees in the history of Congress), including House members Maxine Waters (Financial Services), Nita Lowey (Appropriations), Zoe Lofgren (Administration), Eddie Bernice Johnson (Science, Space and Technology) and Nydia Velázquez (Small Business), as well as Kathy Castor, who chaired the Select Committee on the Climate Crisis.[38] In addition, women chaired a record 39 House subcommittees. Lowey and Kay Granger were also the first women to serve as chair and ranking member of the same committee in the same Congress since the since-defunct Select Committee on the House Beauty Shop, which was chaired and populated entirely by congresswomen during its existence from 1967 to 1977.
Diversity of the freshman class[edit]
The demographics of the 116th U.S. Congress freshmen were more diverse than any previous incoming class.[39][40][41]
At least 25 new congressional representatives were Hispanic, Native American, or people of color, and the incoming class included the first Native American women, the first Muslim women, and the two youngest women ever elected.[39] The 116th Congress included more women elected to the House than any previous Congress.[40][41]
Members[edit]
Senate[edit]
The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2018 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2024; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2020; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2022.
House of Representatives[edit]
Caucuses[edit]
Changes in membership[edit]
Senate[edit]
State (class) |
Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[y] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Florida (1) |
Vacant | Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing term as Governor of Florida.[42] | Rick Scott (R) |
January 8, 2019 |
Georgia (3) |
Johnny Isakson (R) |
Incumbent resigned December 31, 2019.[43] Successor was appointed the same day[t] to continue the term.[43] |
Kelly Loeffler (R) |
January 6, 2020[54] |
Arizona (3) |
Martha McSally (R) |
Appointee lost special election to finish the term. Successor elected November 3, 2020. |
Mark Kelly (D) |
December 2, 2020[55] |
House of Representatives[edit]
District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[y] |
---|---|---|---|---|
North Carolina 9 | Vacant | Vacant from the start of the term as allegations of fraud in the 2018 general election prevented the results from being certified. A special election was held September 10, 2019.[56] |
Dan Bishop (R) |
September 17, 2019[57] |
Pennsylvania 12 | Tom Marino (R) |
Resigned January 23, 2019, to take job in private sector.[51] A special election was held May 21, 2019.[58] |
Fred Keller (R) |
June 3, 2019 |
North Carolina 3 | Walter B. Jones Jr. (R) |
Died February 10, 2019. A special election was held September 10, 2019.[59] |
Greg Murphy (R) |
September 17, 2019[60] |
Michigan 3 | Justin Amash (R) |
Changed party July 4, 2019.[8] | Justin Amash (I) |
July 4, 2019 |
Wisconsin 7 | Sean Duffy (R) |
Resigned September 23, 2019. A special election was held May 12, 2020.[61] |
Tom Tiffany (R) |
May 19, 2020 |
New York 27 | Chris Collins (R) |
Resigned October 1, 2019. A special election was held June 23, 2020.[62] |
Chris Jacobs (R) |
July 21, 2020 |
Maryland 7 | Elijah Cummings (D) |
Died October 17, 2019. A special election was held April 28, 2020.[48][63] |
Kweisi Mfume (D) |
May 5, 2020 |
California 25 | Katie Hill (D) |
Resigned November 3, 2019, due to allegations of improper relationships with staffer. A special election was held March 3, 2020, and a runoff election was held May 12, 2020.[64][65] |
Mike Garcia (R) |
May 19, 2020 |
New Jersey 2 | Jeff Van Drew (D) |
Changed party December 19, 2019.[66] | Jeff Van Drew (R) |
December 19, 2019 |
California 50 | Duncan D. Hunter (R) |
Resigned January 13, 2020, following felony indictment.[67] | Vacant until the next Congress | |
North Carolina 11 | Mark Meadows (R) |
Resigned March 30, 2020, to become White House Chief of Staff.[68][69] | Vacant until the next Congress | |
Michigan 3 | Justin Amash (I) |
Changed party May 1, 2020.[2] | Justin Amash (L) |
May 1, 2020 |
Texas 4 | John Ratcliffe (R) |
Resigned May 22, 2020, to become Director of National Intelligence. The seat will remain vacant until the next Congress. |
Vacant until the next Congress | |
Georgia 5 | John Lewis (D) |
Died July 17, 2020. A special election runoff was held December 1, 2020.[70] |
Kwanza Hall (D) |
December 3, 2020 |
Georgia 14 | Tom Graves (R) |
Resigned October 4, 2020. The seat will remain vacant until the next Congress. |
Vacant until the next Congress | |
California 8 | Paul Cook (R) |
Resigned December 7, 2020, after being elected a member of the San Bernardino County Supervisors. The seat will remain vacant until the next Congress. |
Vacant until the next Congress | |
Michigan 10 | Paul Mitchell (R) |
Changed party December 14, 2020. | Paul Mitchell (I) |
December 14, 2020 |
Committees[edit]
Section contents: Senate, House, Joint
Senate[edit]
House of Representatives[edit]
Joint[edit]
Committee | Chair | Vice Chair | Ranking Member | Vice Ranking Member |
---|---|---|---|---|
Economic | Mike Lee (R-UT) | Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) (until January 16, 2020) Don Beyer (D-VA) (from January 16, 2020) |
David Schweikert (R-AZ) | Martin Heinrich (D-NM) |
Inaugural Ceremonies (Special) | Roy Blunt (R-MO) | Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) | Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |
Library | Roy Blunt (R-MO) | Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) | Rodney Davis (R-IL) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |
Printing | Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) | Roy Blunt (R-MO) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Rodney Davis (R-IL) |
Taxation[z] | Richard Neal (D-MA) | Chuck Grassley (R-IA) | Ron Wyden (D-OR) | Kevin Brady (R-TX) |
Employees and legislative agency directors[edit]
Also called "elected" or "appointed" officials, there are many employees of the House and Senate whose leaders are included here.[75]
Senate[edit]
- Chaplain: Barry C. Black[9] (Seventh-day Adventist)
- Historian: Betty Koed
- Parliamentarian: Elizabeth MacDonough[9]
- Secretary: Julie E. Adams[9]
- Sergeant at Arms: Michael C. Stenger[9]
- Secretary for the Majority:
- Secretary for the Minority: Gary B. Myrick[9]
House of Representatives[edit]
- Chaplain: Patrick J. Conroy[76] (Roman Catholic)
- Chief Administrative Officer: Phil Kiko[77]
- Clerk:
- until February 26, 2019: Karen L. Haas
- starting February 26, 2019: Cheryl L. Johnson
- Historian: Matthew Wasniewski
- Inspector General: Michael Ptasienski
- Parliamentarian:
- until September 30, 2020: Thomas J. Wickham Jr.[78]
- starting September 30, 2020: Jason A. Smith
- Reading Clerks: Susan Cole and Joseph Novotny
- Sergeant at Arms: Paul D. Irving[79]
Legislative branch agency directors[edit]
- Architect of the Capitol:
- until August 17, 2019: Christine A. Merdon (acting)
- August 17, 2019 – January 16, 2020: Thomas J. Carroll III (acting)
- starting January 16, 2020: Brett Blanton[80]
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Brian P. Monahan
- Comptroller General of the United States: Gene Dodaro[81]
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office:
- until May 31, 2019: Keith Hall
- starting June 3, 2019: Phillip Swagel[82]
- Librarian of Congress: Carla Diane Hayden[83]
- Director of the U.S. Government Publishing Office: Vacant[84]
- Counselor of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel: Ralph V. Seep[85]
- Counselor of the Office of House Legislative Counsel: Ernest Wade Ballou Jr.[86]
- Public Printer of the United States: Hugh N. Halpern
See also[edit]
Elections[edit]
- 2018 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 2019 United States elections (elections during this Congress)
- 2020 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
- 2010s in United States political history
Membership lists[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ In Florida: Rick Scott (R) assumed office late January 8, 2019.
- ^ a b In Georgia: Johnny Isakson (R) resigned December 31, 2019; Kelly Loeffler (R) was appointed January 6, 2020, to continue the term.
- ^ a b In Arizona: Mark Kelly (D) replaced interim appointee Martha McSally (R) in a special election.
- ^ a b c In North Carolina's 9th district: the November 2018 election results were not certified due to a dispute over voting irregularities. Dan Bishop (R) was elected September 10, 2019.
- ^ a b In Pennsylvania's 12th district: Tom Marino (R) resigned January 23, 2019, and Fred Keller (R) was elected May 21, 2019.
- ^ a b In North Carolina's 3rd district: Walter Jones (R) died February 10, 2019, and Greg Murphy (R) was elected September 10, 2019.
- ^ a b In Michigan's 3rd district: Justin Amash changed parties from Republican to Independent July 4, 2019,[8] then changed to Libertarian May 1, 2020.[2]
- ^ a b In Wisconsin's 7th district: Sean Duffy (R) resigned September 23, 2019, and Tom Tiffany (R) was elected May 12, 2020.
- ^ a b In New York's 27th district: Chris Collins (R) resigned October 1, 2019, and Chris Jacobs (R) was elected June 23, 2020.
- ^ a b In Maryland's 7th district: Elijah Cummings (D) died October 17, 2019, and Kweisi Mfume (D) was elected April 29, 2020.
- ^ a b In California's 25th district: Katie Hill (D) resigned November 3, 2019, and Mike Garcia (R) was elected May 12, 2020.
- ^ In New Jersey's 2nd district: Jeff Van Drew changed parties from Democratic to Republican December 19, 2019.
- ^ In California's 50th district: Duncan D. Hunter (R) resigned January 13, 2020.
- ^ In North Carolina's 11th district: Mark Meadows (R) resigned March 30, 2020.
- ^ In Texas's 4th district: John Ratcliffe (R) resigned May 22, 2020.
- ^ a b In Georgia's 5th district: John Lewis (D) died July 17, 2020, and Kwanza Hall (D) was elected December 1, 2020.
- ^ In Georgia's 14th district: Tom Graves (R) resigned October 4, 2020.
- ^ In California's 8th district: Paul Cook (R) resigned December 7, 2020.
- ^ In Michigan's 10th district: Paul Mitchell changed from Republican to Independent.
- ^ a b Loeffler's appointment was "effective December 31, 2019."[44]
- ^ a b c d e f g The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are counted as Democrats.
- ^ Although Sanders ran for U.S. President in the Democratic primary and claimed to be a "bona fide Democrat" in accordance to DNC rules, he is officially an Independent senator who caucuses with the Democrats.[45]
- ^ In Michigan's 3rd district: Justin Amash changed from Republican to Independent, July 4, 2019.[8] He became a Libertarian on May 1, 2020.[2]
- ^ In New Jersey's 2nd district: Jeff Van Drew changed from Democratic to Republican, December 19, 2019.
- ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
- ^ The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session (calendar year) in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.
References[edit]
- ^ a b Jin, Beatrice (January 7, 2019) [First published November 23, 2018]. "Congress's incoming class is younger, bluer, and more diverse than ever". Politico. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- ^ a b c d Schultz, Marisa (May 2, 2020). "Amash, taking historic step to White House bid, becomes first Libertarian in Congress: 'I'm in the race to win it'". Fox News. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
- ^ Welch, Matt (April 29, 2020). "Justin Amash Becomes the First Libertarian Member of Congress". Reason. Reason Foundation. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
- ^ Tapper, Jake (December 14, 2020). "Congressman cites Trump's efforts to overturn election in announcing decision to quit GOP". CNN. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
- ^ Gay Stolberg, Sheryl (January 23, 2019). "Trump Say's He'll Delay Speech Until After Shutdown, as Democrats Draft Border Security Plan". The New York Times. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ "Michael D. Cohen's Congressional Testimony". The New York Times. February 27, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
- ^ U.S. House Approves Resolution Opposing U.S. Troop Withdrawal From Syria, 354-60. C-Span. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ a b c Conradis, Brandon (July 4, 2019). "Rep. Amash, lone GOP critic of Trump, leaves Republican Party". The Hill. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Leadership & Officers". Senate.gov. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
- ^ Wagner, John; DeBonis, Mike (November 14, 2018). "Congressional leadership elections: House Republicans elect Kevin McCarthy as next leader; Pelosi seeks to shore up votes for speaker". The Washington Post PowerPost blog. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g Fandos, Nicholas (November 14, 2018). "House Republicans Pick Kevin McCarthy as Their Next Leader". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 22, 2018. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Bolton, Alexander (November 14, 2018). "McConnell reelected as leader, Thune promoted to whip". The Hill. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
- ^ Everett, Burgess (September 16, 2014). "Lee to steer Senate panel". POLITICO. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
- ^ a b "Senator Lankford to Serve on Deputy Whip Team for 116th Congress - U.S. Senator James Lankford of Oklahoma". www.lankford.senate.gov.
- ^ Lesniewski, Niels (January 3, 2019). "Dick Durbin says he's running for Senate re-election in 2020, unofficially". Roll Call. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
- ^ Lesniewski, Niels (November 15, 2018). "Catherine Cortez Masto Becomes First Latina to Lead DSCC". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
- ^ "Schatz, Booker Elevated To Leadership Posts - U.S. Senator Brian Schatz of Hawaii". www.schatz.senate.gov.
- ^ McPherson, Lindsey (November 28, 2018). "Steny Hoyer Elected House Majority Leader". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- ^ McPherson, Lindsey (November 28, 2018). "James Clyburn Elected Majority Whip". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- ^ McPherson, Lindsey (November 28, 2018). "Rep. Ben Ray Luján Elected Assistant Democratic Leader". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- ^ McPherson, Lindsey (November 28, 2018). "Hakeem Jeffries Wins Democratic Caucus Chair Race Against Barbara Lee". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- ^ McPherson, Lindsey (November 29, 2018). "Katherine Clark Elected House Democratic Caucus Vice Chair". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- ^ Pathé, Simone (November 29, 2018). "Cheri Bustos Elected DCCC Chair". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e McPherson, Lindsey (December 4, 2018). "House Democrats' New Elected Leadership Team Is More Progressive and Diverse". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- ^ Ferris, Sarah (November 13, 2019). "Rep. Veronica Escobar Wins Freshman Leadership Seat". Politico. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
- ^ a b c "DeGette dropped from chief deputy whip spot". December 13, 2018. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Here's the List of House Republican Leaders for the Next Congress". Roll Call. November 14, 2018. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
- ^ McPherson, Lindsey (November 27, 2018). "Scalise Appoints Rep. Drew Ferguson as House GOP's Chief Deputy Whip". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
- ^ "Faith on the Hill". January 3, 2019. Archived from the original on January 4, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
- ^ Women Elected at Historic Levels, But No Surprise Here: White Men Dominate 116th Congress Archived November 21, 2018, at the Wayback Machine November 7, 2018
- ^ "As Christians split over Trump, minority faiths make their mark". November 7, 2018. Archived from the original on January 2, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2019. November 7, 2018
- ^ a b c "116th United States Congress: A Survey of Books Written by Members". Library of Congress. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
- ^ Edmondson, Catie; Lee, Jasmine C. (November 28, 2018). "Meet the New Freshmen in Congress: More Democrats, Diversity and Women". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
- ^ "A record number of women will be serving in the new Congress". Pew Research. December 18, 2018. Archived from the original on December 29, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
- ^ Panetta, Grace; Lee, Samantha (December 16, 2018). "This one graphic shows how much more diverse the House of Representatives will become in January". Business Insider. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
- ^ Grow, Jason (January 18, 2019). "'We Call Ourselves the Badasses': Meet the New Women of Congress". POLITICO. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
- ^ "First Native American congresswomen hug after swearing-in". CNN. January 3, 2019. Archived from the original on January 4, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
- ^ a b Ferris, Sarah. "Rep. Carolyn Maloney wins election to chair House Oversight Committee". POLITICO.
- ^ a b Jin, Beatrice. "Congress's incoming class is younger, bluer, and more diverse than ever". Politico. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ a b Hansen, Claire. "116th Congress by Party, Race, Gender, and Religion: The 116th Congress has the most women and people of color than ever before". U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ a b Edmondson, Catie (November 28, 2018). "Meet the New Freshmen in Congress". New York Times. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ a b Sonmez, Felicia (January 8, 2019). "Rick Scott sworn in as Florida's newest senator". South Florida SunSentinel. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
- ^ a b c Mattingly, Phil (August 28, 2019). "Georgia Republican Sen. Johnny Isakson to resign at end of year". CNN. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
- ^ "Kemp Appoints Loeffler to U.S. Senate". Governor Brian P. Kemp Office of the Governor.
- ^ DiStaso, John (February 22, 2019). "Independent Bernie Sanders to put in writing that he's a 'bona fide' Democrat". WMUR.
- ^ Marquette, Chris (January 7, 2020). "Duncan Hunter resigns from Congress" – via www.rollcall.com.
- ^ "John Lewis, Georgia Congressman and Civil Rights Icon, Dies at 80".
- ^ a b c "Cummings, powerful congressman leading Trump probe, has died". AP NEWS. October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- ^ "Congressman cites Trump's efforts to overturn election in announcing decision to quit GOP".
- ^ Sullivan, Kate (February 10, 2019). "Walter Jones dies at 76". CNN. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
- ^ a b Burke, Michael (January 17, 2019). "GOP Rep. Tom Marino resigns from Congress". The Hill. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
- ^ "KELLER, Fred - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
- ^ Gilbert, Craig; Beck, Molly (August 26, 2019). "GOP Congressman Sean Duffy says he's stepping down due to new baby". USA Today. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
- ^ Tia Mitchell, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. "Vice President Pence will swear Kelly Loeffler into the Senate on Monday". ajc.
- ^ Felicia, Somnez (December 2, 2020). "Mark Kelly sworn in as senator, giving Arizona two Democratic senators for first time in more than six decades". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Caldwell, Leigh Ann. "New election ordered in North Carolina House district after possible illegal activities". NBC News. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
- ^ Jim, Morrill (September 13, 2019). "Rep.-elect Bishop to be sworn in on Tuesday, leaving a scramble for his Senate seat". Retrieved September 26, 2019.
- ^ Tom Wolf [@GovernorTomWolf] (January 24, 2019). "Having heard the concerns of county officials, I am scheduling the special election to fill the remainder of Congressman Marino's term on May 21, 2019, to coincide with the primary election" (Tweet). Retrieved January 24, 2019 – via Twitter.
- ^ Jurkowitz, Mark. "The jam-packed sprint to succeed Walter Jones". Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- ^ "Friends to Elect Dr. Greg Murphy to Congress". www.facebook.com. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- ^ "Evers Sets New 7th Congressional District Special Election Date". Wisconsin Public Radio. October 18, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
- ^ Bowman, Bridget (March 28, 2020). "New York delays presidential primary, special election to June". Roll Call. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
- ^ Pathé, Simone (October 28, 2019). "Maryland governor sets special election date for Cummings' seat" – via www.rollcall.com.
- ^ "Rep. Katie Hill announces resignation amid allegations of improper relationships with staffer". CNN. October 27, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
- ^ "Special California election to replace Katie Hill set for March 3". Roll Call. November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
- ^ "Rep. Jeff Van Drew Officially Switches Parties, Pledges 'Undying Support' For Trump". HuffPost. December 19, 2019.
- ^ Mcentee, Jennifer (January 8, 2020). "Resigning California congressman's seat to be left vacant for year". National Post. Reuters.
- ^ Burgess, Joel (March 6, 2020). "North Carolina's Mark Meadows will leave Congress early for White House post". Retrieved March 7, 2020.
- ^ Burgess, Joel. "Voting to start in Asheville, WNC congressional runoff after coronavirus delay". Citizen Times. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
- ^ Niesse, Mark (July 27, 2020). "Special election set to fill John Lewis' seat in Congress". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
- ^ Solender, Andrew [@AndrewSolender] (December 11, 2018). "The office of @SenSchumer has released an official list of Senate Democratic Ranking Members and Vice Chairmen" (Tweet). Retrieved December 11, 2018 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Capitol updates". Pawhuska Journal-Capital. December 30, 2019. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2020.finter
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External links[edit]
- Official website, via Congress.gov
- Videos of House of Representatives Sessions for the 116th Congress from C-SPAN
- Videos of Senate Sessions for the 116th Congress from C-SPAN
- Videos of Committees from the House and Senate for the 116th Congress C-SPAN
- Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 116th Congress
- Official Congressional Directory for the 116th Congress