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Day of the year
March 30 is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 276 days remain until the end of the year.
Pre-1600 [ edit ] 1601–1900 [ edit ] 1901–present [ edit ] 1912 – Sultan Abd al-Hafid signs the Treaty of Fez , making Morocco a French protectorate .1918 – Outburst of bloody March Events in Baku and other locations of Baku Governorate .1939 – The Heinkel He 100 fighter sets a world airspeed record of 463 mph (745 km/h).1940 – Second Sino-Japanese War : Japan declares Nanking capital of a new Chinese puppet government , nominally controlled by Wang Jingwei .1944 – World War II : Allied bombers conduct their most severe bombing run on Sofia , Bulgaria .1944 – Out of 795 Lancasters , Halifaxes and Mosquitos sent to attack Nuremberg , 95 bombers do not return, making it the largest RAF Bomber Command loss of the war.
1945 – World War II: Soviet forces invade Austria and capture Vienna . Polish and Soviet forces liberate Danzig .1949 – Cold War : A riot breaks out in Austurvöllur square in Reykjavík , when Iceland joins NATO .1959 – Tenzin Gyatso , the 14th Dalai Lama , flees Tibet for India .1961 – The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed in New York City.1965 – Vietnam War : A car bomb explodes in front of the United States Embassy, Saigon , killing 22 and wounding 183 others.1972 – Vietnam War: The Easter Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam .1976 – Israeli-Palestinian conflict : in the first organized response against Israeli policies by a Palestinian collective since 1948 , Palestinians create the first Land Day .[5] 1979 – Airey Neave , a British Member of Parliament (MP), is killed by a car bomb as he exits the Palace of Westminster . The Irish National Liberation Army claims responsibility.1981 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C., hotel by John Hinckley, Jr. ; three others are wounded in the same incident.1982 – Space Shuttle program : STS-3 mission is completed with the landing of Columbia White Sands Missile Range , New Mexico .2002 – The 2002 Lyon car attack takes place.[6] [7] [8] [9] 2008 – Drolma Kyi , arrested by Chinese authorities.[10] 2009 – Twelve gunmen attack the Manawan Police Academy in Lahore, Pakistan .2017 – SpaceX conducts the world's first reflight of an orbital class rocket.[11] [12] Pre-1600 [ edit ] 1601–1900 [ edit ] 1606 – Vincentio Reinieri , Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1647)1632 – John Proctor , farmer hanged for witchcraft in the Salem witch trials (d. 1692)1640 – John Trenchard , English politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (d. 1695)1727 – Tommaso Traetta , Italian composer and educator (d. 1779)1746 – Francisco Goya , Spanish-French painter and sculptor (d. 1828)1750 – John Stafford Smith , English organist and composer (d. 1836)1793 – Juan Manuel de Rosas , Argentinian soldier and politician, 13th Governor of Buenos Aires Province (d. 1877)1805 – Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann , German-Swedish linguist and botanist (d. 1887)1811 – Robert Bunsen , German chemist and academic (d. 1899)1820 – Anna Sewell , English author (d. 1878)1820 – James Whyte , Scottish-Australian politician, 6th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1882)[13]
1844 – Paul Verlaine , French poet (d. 1896)1853 – Vincent van Gogh , Dutch-French painter and illustrator (d. 1890)1853 – Arnoldo Sartorio , German composer, pianist, and teacher (d. 1936)1857 – Léon Charles Thévenin , French engineer (d. 1926)1858 – Siegfried Alkan , German composer (d. 1941)1863 – Mary Calkins , American philosopher and psychologist (d. 1930)1864 – Franz Oppenheimer , German-American sociologist and economist (d. 1943)1874 – Charles Lightoller , English 2nd officer on the RMS Titanic (d. 1952)1874 – Josiah McCracken , American hammer thrower, shot putter, and football player (d. 1962)
1874 – Nicolae Rădescu , Romanian general and politician, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1953)
1875 – Thomas Xenakis , Greek-American gymnast (d. 1942)1879 – Coen de Koning , Dutch speed skater (d. 1954)1880 – Seán O'Casey , Irish dramatist, playwright, and memoirist (d. 1964)1882 – Melanie Klein , Austrian-English psychologist and author (d. 1960)1888 – J. R. Williams , Canadian-born cartoonist (d. 1957)1891 – Chunseong , Korean monk, writer and philosopher (d. 1977)1892 – Stefan Banach , Polish mathematician and academic (d. 1945)1892 – Fortunato Depero , Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1960)
1892 – Erhard Milch , German field marshal (d. 1972)
1892 – Johannes Pääsuke , Estonian photographer and director (d. 1918)
1892 – Erwin Panofsky , German historian and academic (d. 1968)
1894 – Tommy Green , English race walker (d. 1975)1894 – Sergey Ilyushin , Russian engineer, founded Ilyushin Aircraft Company (d. 1977)
1895 – Jean Giono , French author and poet (d. 1970)1895 – Carl Lutz , Swiss vice-consul to Hungary during WWII, credited with saving over 62,000 Jews (d. 1975)
1895 – Charlie Wilson , English footballer (d. 1971)
1899 – Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay , Indian author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 1970)1901–present [ edit ] 1902 – Brooke Astor , American socialite and philanthropist (d. 2007)1902 – Ted Heath , English trombonist and composer (d. 1969)
1903 – Joy Ridderhof , American missionary (d. 1984)1904 – Ripper Collins , American baseball player and coach (d. 1970)1905 – Archie Birkin , English motorcycle racer (d. 1927)1905 – Mikio Oda , Japanese triple jumper and academic (d. 1998)
1905 – Albert Pierrepoint , English hangman (d. 1992)
1907 – Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte , German general (d. 1994)1910 – Józef Marcinkiewicz , Polish soldier, mathematician, and academic (d. 1940)1911 – Ekrem Akurgal , Turkish archaeologist and academic (d. 2002)1912 – Jack Cowie , New Zealand cricketer (d. 1994)1912 – Alvin Hamilton , Canadian lieutenant and politician, 18th Canadian Minister of Agriculture (d. 2004)
1913 – Marc Davis , American animator (d. 2000)1913 – Richard Helms , American soldier and diplomat, 8th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 2002)
1913 – Frankie Laine , American singer-songwriter (d. 2007)
1913 – Ċensu Tabone , Maltese general, physician, and politician, 4th President of Malta (d. 2012)
1914 – Sonny Boy Williamson I , American singer-songwriter and harmonica player (d. 1948)1915 – Pietro Ingrao , Italian journalist and politician (d. 2015)1917 – Els Aarne , Ukrainian-Estonian pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1995)1919 – McGeorge Bundy , American intelligence officer and diplomat, 6th United States National Security Advisor (d. 1996)1919 – Robin Williams , New Zealand mathematician, university administrator and public servant (d. 2013)
1921 – André Fontaine , French historian and journalist (d. 2013)1922 – Turhan Bey , American actor (d. 2012)1922 – Arthur Wightman , American physicist and academic (d. 2013)
1923 – Milton Acorn , Canadian poet and playwright (d. 1986)1926 – Ingvar Kamprad , Swedish businessman, founded IKEA (d. 2018)1927 – Wally Grout , Australian cricketer (d. 1968)1928 – Robert Badinter , French lawyer and politician, French Minister of Justice 1928 – Colin Egar , Australian cricket umpire (d. 2008)
1928 – Tom Sharpe , English-Spanish author and educator (d. 2013)
1929 – Richard Dysart , American actor (d. 2015)1929 – Ray Musto , American soldier and politician (d. 2014)
1929 – István Rózsavölgyi , Hungarian runner (d. 2012)
1930 – John Astin , American actor1930 – Rolf Harris , Australian singer-songwriter
1933 – Jean-Claude Brialy , French actor and director (d. 2007)1933 – Joe Ruby , American animator (d. 2020)[14]
1934 – Paul Crouch , American broadcaster, co-founded the Trinity Broadcasting Network (d. 2013)1934 – Hans Hollein , Austrian architect and academic, designed Haas House (d. 2014)
1935 – Karl Berger , German pianist and composer1935 – Willie Galimore , American football player (d. 1964)
1935 – Gordon Mumma , American composer
1937 – Warren Beatty , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter1937 – Ian MacLaurin, Baron MacLaurin of Knebworth , English businessman
1938 – John Barnhill , American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)1938 – Klaus Schwab , German economist and engineer, founded the World Economic Forum
1940 – Norman Gifford , English cricketer1940 – Jerry Lucas , American basketball player and educator
1940 – Hans Ragnemalm , Swedish lawyer and judge (d. 2016)
1941 – Graeme Edge , English singer-songwriter and drummer (d. 2021)[15] 1941 – Ron Johnston , English geographer and academic (d. 2020)
1941 – Wasim Sajjad , Pakistani lawyer and politician, President of Pakistan
1941 – Bob Smith , American soldier and politician
1942 – Ruben Kun , Nauruan lawyer and politician, 14th President of Nauru (d. 2014)1942 – Tane Norton , New Zealand rugby player
1942 – Kenneth Welsh , Canadian actor
1943 – Jay Traynor , American pop and doo-wop singer (d. 2014)1944 – Mark Wylea Erwin , American businessman and diplomat1944 – Brian Wilshire , Australian radio host
1945 – Eric Clapton , English guitarist and singer-songwriter1947 – Dick Roche , Irish politician, Minister of State for European Affairs 1947 – Terje Venaas , Norwegian bassist
1948 – Nigel Jones, Baron Jones of Cheltenham , English computer programmer and politician1948 – Eddie Jordan , Irish racing driver and team owner, founded Jordan Grand Prix
1948 – Mervyn King , English economist and academic
1948 – Jim "Dandy" Mangrum , American rock singer
1949 – Liza Frulla , Canadian talk show host and politician, 3rd Minister of Canadian Heritage 1949 – Dana Gillespie , English singer-songwriter and actress
1949 – Naomi Sims , American model and author (d. 2009)
1950 – Janet Browne , English-American historian and academic1950 – Robbie Coltrane , Scottish actor
1950 – Grady Little , American baseball player, coach, and manager
1952 – Stuart Dryburgh , English-New Zealand cinematographer1952 – Peter Knights , Australian footballer and coach
1955 – Randy VanWarmer , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2004)1956 – Bill Butler , Scottish educator and politician1956 – Juanito Oiarzabal , Spanish mountaineer
1956 – Paul Reiser , American actor and comedian
1956 – Shahla Sherkat , Iranian journalist and author
1957 – Marie-Christine Koundja , Chadian author and diplomat[16] 1958 – Maurice LaMarche , Canadian voice actor and stand-up comedian1958 – Joey Sindelar , American golfer
1959 – Martina Cole , English television host and author1960 – Laurie Graham , Canadian skier1960 – Bill Johnson , American skier (d. 2016)
1961 – Mike Thackwell , New Zealand racing driver1961 – Doug Wickenheiser , Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 1999)
1962 – Mark Begich , American politician1962 – MC Hammer , American rapper and actor
1962 – Gary Stevens , English international footballer and manager[17]
1963 – Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj , Mongolian journalist and politician, 4th President of Mongolia 1963 – Panagiotis Tsalouchidis , Greek footballer
1964 – Vlado Bozinovski , Macedonian-Australian footballer and manager1964 – Tracy Chapman , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1965 – Piers Morgan , English journalist and talk show host1966 – Efstratios Grivas , Greek chess player and author1966 – Dmitry Volkov , Russian swimmer
1966 – Leonid Voloshin , Russian triple jumper
1967 – Christopher Bowman , American figure skater and coach (d. 2008)1967 – Richard Hutten , Dutch furniture designer
1967 – Julie Richardson , New Zealand tennis player
1968 – Celine Dion , Canadian singer-songwriter[18] 1969 – Troy Bayliss , Australian motorcycle racer1970 – Tobias Hill , English poet and author1970 – Sylvain Charlebois , Canadian food/agriculture researcher and author
1971 – Mari Holden , American cyclist[19] 1971 – Mark Consuelos , American actor and television personality
1972 – Mili Avital , Israeli-American actress1972 – Emerson Thome , Brazilian footballer and scout
1972 – Karel Poborský , Czech footballer
1973 – Adam Goldstein , American keyboard player, DJ, and producer (d. 2009)1973 – Jan Koller , Czech footballer
1973 – Kareem Streete-Thompson , Caymanian-American long jumper
1974 – Martin Love , Australian cricketer1975 – Paul Griffen , New Zealand-Italian rugby player1976 – Ty Conklin , American ice hockey player1976 – Obadele Thompson , Barbadian sprinter
1976 – Troels Lund Poulsen , Danish politician, Minister for Education of Denmark
1977 – Abhishek Chaubey , Indian director and screenwriter1978 – Paweł Czapiewski , Polish runner1978 – Chris Paterson , Scottish rugby player and coach
1978 – Bok van Blerk , South African singer-songwriter and actor
1979 – Norah Jones , American singer-songwriter and pianist1979 – Anatoliy Tymoshchuk , Ukrainian footballer
1980 – Ricardo Osorio , Mexican footballer1981 – Jammal Brown , American football player1981 – Andrea Masi , Italian rugby player[20]
1982 – Mark Hudson , English footballer1982 – Philippe Mexès , French footballer
1982 – Javier Portillo , Spanish footballer
1982 – Jason Dohring , American actor
1983 – Jérémie Aliadière , French footballer1984 – Mario Ančić , Croatian tennis player1984 – Samantha Stosur , Australian tennis player
1985 – Giacomo Ricci , Italian racing driver1986 – Sergio Ramos , Spanish footballer1987 – Trent Barreta , American wrestler1987 – Calum Elliot , Scottish footballer
1987 – Kwok Kin Pong , Hong Kong footballer
1987 – Marc-Édouard Vlasic , Canadian ice hockey player
1988 – Will Matthews , Australian rugby league player1988 – Thanasis Papazoglou , Greek footballer
1988 – Richard Sherman , American football player
1988 – Larisa Yurkiw , Canadian alpine skier
1989 – Chris Sale , American baseball player1989 – João Sousa , Portuguese tennis player[21]
1990 – Thomas Rhett , American country music singer and songwriter[22] 1990 – Michal Březina , Czech figure skater
1992 – Palak Muchhal , Indian playback singer1993 – Anitta , Brazilian singer and entertainer1994 – Jetro Willems , Dutch footballer[23] 1998 – Kalyn Ponga , Australian rugby league player[24] 2000 – Colton Herta , American race car driver[25] Pre-1600 [ edit ] 116 – Quirinus of Neuss , Roman martyr and saint365 – Ai of Jin , emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 341)943 – Li Bian , emperor of Southern Tang (b. 889)987 – Arnulf II, Count of Flanders (b. 960)1180 – Al-Mustadi , Caliph (b. 1142)1202 – Joachim of Fiore , Italian mystic and theologian (b. 1135)1465 – Isabella of Clermont , queen consort of Naples (b. c. 1424)1472 – Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy (b. 1435)1486 – Thomas Bourchier , English cardinal (b. 1404)1526 – Konrad Mutian , German humanist (b. 1471)1540 – Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg , German cardinal (b. 1469)1559 – Adam Ries , German mathematician and academic (b. 1492)1587 – Ralph Sadler , English politician, Secretary of State for England (b. 1507)1601–1900 [ edit ] 1662 – François le Métel de Boisrobert , French poet and playwright (b. 1592)1689 – Kazimierz Łyszczyński , Polish atheist and philosopher (b. 1634)1707 – Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban , French general and engineer (b. 1633)1764 – Pietro Locatelli , Italian violinist and composer (b. 1695)1783 – William Hunter , Scottish anatomist and physician (b. 1718)[26] 1804 – Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie , French general and politician, French Secretary of State for War (b. 1718)1806 – Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (b. 1757)1830 – Louis I, Grand Duke of Baden (b. 1763)1840 – Beau Brummell , English-French fashion designer (b. 1778)1842 – Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun , French painter (b. 1755)[27] 1864 – Louis Schindelmeisser , German clarinet player, composer, and conductor (b. 1811)1873 – Bénédict Morel , Austrian-French psychiatrist and physician (b. 1809)1879 – Thomas Couture , French painter and educator (b. 1815)1886 – Joseph-Alfred Mousseau , Canadian judge and politician, 6th Premier of Quebec (b. 1838)1896 – Charilaos Trikoupis , Greek politician, 55th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1832)1901–present [ edit ] 1912 – Karl May , German author (b. 1842)1925 – Rudolf Steiner , Austrian philosopher and author (b. 1861)1935 – Romanos Melikian , Armenian composer (b. 1883)1936 – Conchita Supervía , Spanish soprano and actress (b. 1895)1940 – Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet Scottish soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland (b. 1876)1943 – Jan Bytnar , Polish lieutenant; WWII resistance fighter (b. 1921)1943 – Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski , Polish sergeant; WWII resistance fighter (b. 1920)
1945 – Béla Balogh , Hungarian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1885)1949 – Friedrich Bergius , German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1884)1949 – Dattaram Hindlekar , Indian cricketer (b. 1909)
1950 – Léon Blum , French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1872)1952 – Jigme Wangchuck , Bhutanese king (b. 1905)1955 – Harl McDonald , American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1899)1956 – Edmund Clerihew Bentley , English author and poet (b. 1875)1959 – Daniil Andreyev , Russian mystic and poet (b. 1906)1959 – John Auden , English solicitor, deputy coroner and a territorial soldier (b. 1894)
1959 – Riccardo Zanella , Italian politician (b. 1875)
1960 – Joseph Haas , German composer and educator (b. 1879)1961 – Philibert Jacques Melotte , English astronomer (b. 1880)1963 – Aleksandr Gauk , Russian conductor and composer (b. 1893)1964 – Nella Larsen , American nurse and author (b. 1891)1965 – Philip Showalter Hench , American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1896)1966 – Newbold Morris , American lawyer and politician (b. 1902)1966 – Maxfield Parrish , American painter and illustrator (b. 1870)
1966 – Erwin Piscator , German director and producer (b. 1893)
1967 – Frank Thorpe , Australian public servant (b. 1885)1967 – Jean Toomer , American poet and novelist (b. 1894)
1969 – Lucien Bianchi , Belgian racing driver (b. 1934)1970 – Heinrich Brüning , German economist and politician, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1885)1972 – Mahir Çayan , Turkish politician (b. 1946)1972 – Gabriel Heatter , American radio commentator (b. 1890)
1973 – Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton , Scottish pilot and politician (b. 1903)1973 – Yves Giraud-Cabantous , French racing driver (b. 1904)
1975 – Peter Bamm , German journalist and author (b. 1897)1977 – Levko Revutsky , Ukrainian composer and educator (b. 1889)1978 – George Paine , English cricketer and coach (b. 1908)1978 – Memduh Tağmaç , Turkish general (b. 1904)
1979 – Airey Neave , English colonel, lawyer, and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (b. 1916)1979 – Ray Ventura , French pianist and bandleader (b. 1908)
1981 – DeWitt Wallace , American publisher, co-founded Reader's Digest 1984 – Karl Rahner , German-Austrian priest and theologian (b. 1904)1985 – Harold Peary , American actor and singer (b. 1908)1986 – James Cagney , American actor and dancer (b. 1899)1986 – John Ciardi , American poet and etymologist (b. 1916)
1988 – Edgar Faure , French historian and politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1908)1990 – Harry Bridges , Australian-born American activist and trade union leader (b. 1901)1992 – Manolis Andronikos , Greek archaeologist and academic (b. 1919)1993 – S. M. Pandit , Indian painter (b. 1916)1993 – Richard Diebenkorn , American painter (b. 1922)
1995 – Rozelle Claxton , American pianist (b. 1913)1995 – Tony Lock , English-Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1929)
1995 – Paul A. Rothchild , American record producer (b. 1935)
1996 – Hugh Falkus , English pilot and author (b. 1917)1996 – Ryoei Saito , Japanese businessman (b. 1916)
2000 – Rudolf Kirchschläger , Austrian judge and politician, 8th President of Austria (b. 1915)2002 – Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother of the United Kingdom (b. 1900)2002 – Anand Bakshi , Indian poet and lyricist (b. 1930)
2003 – Michael Jeter , American actor (b. 1952)2003 – Valentin Pavlov , Russian banker and politician, 11th Prime Minister of the Soviet Union (b. 1937)
2004 – Alistair Cooke , English-American journalist and author (b. 1908)2004 – Michael King , New Zealand historian and author (b. 1945)
2004 – Timi Yuro , American singer and songwriter (b. 1940)
2005 – Robert Creeley , American novelist, essayist, and poet (b. 1926)2005 – Milton Green , American hurdler and soldier (b. 1913)
2005 – Fred Korematsu , American political activist (b. 1919)
2005 – O. V. Vijayan , Indian author and illustrator (b. 1930)
2005 – Mitch Hedberg , American stand-up comedian (b. 1968)
2006 – Red Hickey , American football player and coach (b. 1917)2006 – John McGahern , Irish author and educator (b. 1934)
2007 – John Roberts , Canadian political scientist, academic, and politician, 46th Secretary of State for Canada (b. 1933)2008 – Roland Fraïssé , French mathematical logician (b. 1920)2008 – David Leslie , Scottish racing driver (b. 1953)
2008 – Richard Lloyd , English racing driver (b. 1945)
2008 – Dith Pran , Cambodian-American photographer and journalist (b. 1942)
2010 – Jaime Escalante , Bolivian-American educator (b. 1930)2010 – Morris R. Jeppson , American lieutenant and physicist (b. 1922)
2010 – Martin Sandberger , German SS officer (b. 1911)
2012 – Janet Anderson Perkin , Canadian baseball player and curler (b. 1921)2012 – Aquila Berlas Kiani , Indian-Canadian sociologist and academic (b. 1921)
2012 – Francesco Mancini , Italian footballer and coach (b. 1968)
2012 – Granville Semmes , American businessman, founded 1-800-Flowers (b. 1928)
2012 – Leonid Shebarshin , Russian KGB officer (b. 1935)
2013 – Daniel Hoffman , American poet and academic (b. 1923)2013 – Bobby Parks , American basketball player and coach (b. 1962)
2013 – Phil Ramone , South African-American songwriter and producer, co-founded A & R Recording (b. 1934)
2013 – Edith Schaeffer , Chinese-Swiss religious leader and author, co-founded L'Abri (b. 1914)
2013 – Bob Turley , American baseball player and coach (b. 1930)
2014 – Ray Hutchison , American lawyer and politician (b. 1932)2014 – Kate O'Mara , English actress (b. 1939)
2015 – Helmut Dietl , German director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1944)2015 – Roger Slifer , American author, illustrator, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1954)
2015 – Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld , Dutch astronomer and academic (b. 1921)
2018 – Bill Maynard , English actor (b. 1928)2020 – Bill Withers , American singer-songwriter (b. 1938)[28] 2021 – G. Gordon Liddy , chief operative in the Watergate scandal (b. 1930)[29] 2021 – Myra Frances , British actress (b. 1942)[30] Holidays and observances [ edit ] References [ edit ]
^ A history of italian republic ^ Herbert Maxwell. A History of the House of Douglas from the Earliest Times Down to the Legislative Union of England and Scotland ISBN 978-1-145-80495-1 ^ Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996). Fighting for faith and nation dialogues with Sikh militants 43 –45. ISBN 978-0812215922 OCLC 44966032 . ^ A. Fresnel, "Mémoire sur les couleurs développées dans les fluides homogènes par la lumière polarisée" ("Memoir on colors developed in homogeneous fluids by polarized light"), read 30 March 1818; printed in A. Fresnel (ed. H. de Senarmont, E. Verdet, and L. Fresnel), Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel , Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, vol. 1 , 1866, pp. 655–83, at pp. 659–60.
^ "Israel's Arabs to mark Land Day" . The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com . Retrieved 2018-10-30 .^ "Vandals crash cars through French synagogue" . Arizona Daily Sun. AP. 30 March 2002. Retrieved 8 August 2016 .^ "Shooting in France in Wave of Anti-Jewish Attacks" . New York Times . 1 April 2002. Retrieved 8 August 2016 .^ Diamond, Andrew (1 April 2002). "Weekend of anti-Semitism in France" . JTA . Retrieved 8 August 2016 . ^ Horn, Heather (19 March 2012). "The Jewish School Shooting and Patterns of Violence" . The Atlantic . Retrieved 8 August 2016 . ^ Demick, Barbara (2008-06-08). "China silences Tibet folk singer Drolmakyi" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2008-06-09 . ^ Chang, Kenneth (30 March 2017). "SpaceX Launches a Satellite With a Partly Used Rocket" . The New York Times . Retrieved 31 March 2017 . ^ Amos, Jonathan (31 March 2017). "Success for SpaceX 're-usable rocket' . BBC News . Retrieved 31 March 2017 . ^ "The Parliament of Tasmania from 1856" . www.parliament.tas.gov.au .^ Barnes, Mike (2020-08-27). "Joe Ruby, Co-Creator of Scooby-Doo, Dies at 87" . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2021-08-03 . ^ "Graeme Edge, Drummer and Co-Founder of the Moody Blues, Dies at 80" . The New York Times . 12 November 2021.^ Anthologie de la littérature et des arts tchadiens . Bourdette-Donon, Marcel. Paris: L'Harmattan. 2003. p. 187. ISBN 9782747540513 OCLC 52429094 .{{cite book }}: CS1 maint: others (link )^ "Gary Stevens" . soccerbase.com . Retrieved 22 March 2020 .^ "Celine Dion | Biography, Songs, Awards, & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 10 February 2020 .^ "Mari Holden Bio, Stats, and Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020 .^ "Andrea Masi" . ESPN scrum . Retrieved 10 February 2020 .^ "Joao Sousa Overview" . ATP Tour . Retrieved 2 April 2019 .^ "Thomas Rhett" . Biography .^ "Jetro Willems" . FIFA . Archived from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019 .^ "Official NRL profile of Kalyn Ponga for Newcastle Knights" . Newcastle Knights . Retrieved 10 February 2020 .^ "Colton Herta" . Retrieved 29 September 2018 .^ "William Hunter (1718-1783)" . National Records of Scotland . 31 May 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2021 .^ Magill, Frank N. (1999). The 17th and 18th Centuries: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 4 . Abingdon: Routledge. p. 1376. ISBN 978-0-89356-316-5 ^ Greene, Andy (3 April 2020). "Bill Withers, Hall of Fame Soul Singer, Dead at 81" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved 31 March 2021 . ^ McFadden, Robert D. (31 March 2021). "G. Gordon Liddy, Mastermind Behind Watergate Burglary, Dies at 90" . The New York Times . Retrieved 31 March 2021 . ^ "Myra Frances obituary" . the Guardian . 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2021-04-18 .
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