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Paris Saint-Germain F.C.

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This article is about the men's football team. For the women's football team, see Paris Saint-Germain Féminine. For other uses, see Paris Saint-Germain (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Paris FC.

Paris Saint-Germain
Paris Saint-Germain F.C..svg
Full nameParis Saint-Germain Football Club
Nickname(s)Les Parisiens (The Parisians)
Les Rouge-et-Bleu (The Red-and-Blues)
Short namePSG, Paris, Paris SG
Founded12 August 1970; 51 years ago (1970-08-12)
GroundParc des Princes
Capacity47,929
OwnerQatar Sports Investments
PresidentNasser Al-Khelaifi
Head coachMauricio Pochettino
LeagueLigue 1
2020–21Ligue 1, 2nd of 20
WebsiteClub website
Current season
Active departments of
Paris Saint-Germain
Football pictogram.svg Football pictogram.svg Football pictogram.svg
Football (Men's) Football (Youth Mixed) Football (Women's)
Handball pictogram.svg Simple Game.svg Judo pictogram.svg
Handball (Men's) Esports Judo (Mixed)
Closed departments of
Paris Saint-Germain
Boxing pictogram.svg Rugby league pictogram.svg
Boxing (Men's) Rugby League (Men's)

Paris Saint-Germain Football Club (French pronunciation: ​[paʁi sɛ̃ ʒɛʁmɛ̃]), commonly referred to as Paris Saint-Germain, PSG, Paris or Paris SG, is a professional football club based in Paris, France. They compete in Ligue 1, the top division of French football. France's most successful club, they have won over 40 official honours, including nine league titles and one major European trophy. Their home ground is the Parc des Princes.

PSG were founded in 1970, following the merger of Paris FC and Stade Saint-Germain. The Parisians won their first major honour, the French Cup, in 1982 and their first Division 1 title in 1986. The 1990s was among the most successful periods in PSG's history; they claimed a second league title, three French Cups, two French League Cups, two French Super Cups and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1996. After suffering a decline in fortunes during the 2000s, the Red and Blues have enjoyed a revival since 2011 with increased financial backing, achieving unparalleled dominance in domestic competitions, winning seven league titles and twenty national cups. PSG have also become a regular feature in the UEFA Champions League, reaching their first final in 2020.

Paris SG have the most consecutive seasons playing in France's top flight and are one of two French clubs to have won a major European title. They are the most popular football club in France and one of the most widely supported teams in the world. PSG's home kit colours are red, blue, and white, and their crest features the Eiffel Tower and a fleur-de-lis. PSG have a longstanding rivalry with Olympique de Marseille; the duo contest French football's most notorious match, Le Classique.

Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, the Emir of Qatar, owns PSG through closed shareholders Qatar Sports Investments (QSI), which purchased the club in 2011. The takeover made PSG the richest club in France and one of the wealthiest in the world. As of the 2019–20 season, PSG have the seventh-highest revenue in the footballing world with an annual revenue of €541m according to Deloitte, and are the world's ninth-most valuable football club, worth $2.5bn according to Forbes.

History

Main article: History of Paris Saint-Germain F.C.

Creation and split (1970–1974)

Guy Crescent, one of the club's founders.

In the summer of 1970, an ambitious group of businessmen decided to create a major team in the French capital.[1][2] Guy Crescent and Pierre-Étienne Guyot chose to merge their newly formed side, Paris Football Club, with Stade Saint-Germain of Henri Patrelle after the team from Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 15km west of Paris, were promoted to Ligue 2.[2][3] Real Madrid played a big role in the foundation of Paris Saint-Germain.[4] The three men were stuck with the financial feasibility of the project until they met Real's president Santiago Bernabéu.[4][5]

Bernabéu told them that starting a crowdfunding campaign was the best solution to establish a new team.[4] After a petition was signed by 20,000 people, Paris Saint-Germain Football Club were officially formed on 12 August 1970.[1][6] For the first time in French football history, the fans had financially contributed in the making of a football club.[4] The new capital club built a substantial fanbase thanks to the merger and benefited hugely from an improved squad.[7][8] Led by Jean Djorkaeff, the club's first star, PSG won promotion to Division 1 and claimed the 1970–71 French Division 2 title in its first season.[2][9] Following a delicate financial situation, the Paris City Council offered to pay the club's debt and in return demanded them to adopt the more Parisian name of "Paris Football Club."[2] After PSG president Henri Patrelle refused the name change and financial support was withdrawn, the club split in 1972.[2][8] Paris FC remained in the top tier, while PSG were administratively relegated to Division 3.[2][10]

First major honours and decline (1974–1991)

Just Fontaine who guided Paris Saint-Germain to back-to-back promotions to Ligue 1 in 1974.

PSG took flight when fashion designer Daniel Hechter took over.[1] Shortly before the start of the 1973–74 campaign, he replaced Henri Patrelle as president and named Francis Borelli as vice-president.[5][11] Besides offering his financial support to the club, Hechter also designed PSG's classic home outfit.[5][12] Following back-to-back promotions, under French legend Just Fontaine, Paris Saint-Germain quickly returned to the premier division in 1974, ironically at the same time as Paris FC slipped into the division below, and moved into the Parc des Princes, which up until that point had been the home stadium of PFC.[2][13] Since then, PSG have never abandoned the top flight of French football nor the Parc.[14] Before that, PSG had been playing at several grounds including the Stade Municipal Georges Lefèvre, the Stade Jean-Bouin, the Stade Bauer, and even the Parc des Princes a few times that season despite the reluctance of PFC.[3][15]

Chaired by Daniel Hechter, the Parisians failed to win any silverware in the 1970s but began their tradition of brilliant Coupe de France runs, established themselves as a top-half team in Division 1 and attracted several prestigious players, including Jean-Pierre Dogliani, Mustapha Dahleb and Carlos Bianchi.[2][8] After Hechter was banned for life from football by the French Football Federation in January 1978, for running a corruption scheme involving ticket sales at Parc des Princes, Francis Borelli, who had been vice-president until then, became the new boss of the Île-de-France club.[2][3][5] The club's trophy cabinet welcomed its first major silverware with the help of star signings Joël Bats, Dominique Bathenay, Safet Sušić and Dominique Rocheteau, alongside PSG Academy graduate Luis Fernandez, who steered the capital side to two consecutive French Cup titles in 1982 and 1983.[1][16][2] These successes opened Paris the doors to Europe,[9] including their impressive continental debut in the 1982–83 European Cup Winners' Cup,[17] which saw them reach the quarter-finals of the tournament.[17] PSG won its maiden league championship in 1986. Led by Sušić Joël Bats, Luis Fernández and Dominique Rocheteau, the Red and Blues dominated the championship from start to finish, going a memorable 26 matches without defeat towards the title.[2][18]

The follow-up to the league title was not as glorious though.[18] PSG finished seventh in the 1986–87 French Division 1 and their first UEFA Champions League appearance that season was a complete failure. They were knocked out by minnows Vítkovice in the first round of the 1986–87 European Cup.[18][19] The following year, PSG avoided relegation on the final match of the 1987–88 season after a 4–1 win over Lens at the Parc des Princes.[8][18] Highly indebted, the club briefly bounced back, fighting for the 1988–89 league crown with Marseille, before going into decline.[18][20]

Canal+ takeover and golden era (1991–1998)

Napoli, stadio San Paolo, 21 ottobre 1992. L'attaccante liberiano George Weah esulta dopo uno dei suoi due gol che decisero la sfida tra e (0-2) valevole per l'andata dei sedicesimi di finale della Coppa UEFA 1992–1993.
George Weah during his playing days at Paris Saint-Germain.

The takeover by television giants Canal+ in 1991 revitalised Paris Saint-Germain as they became one of the richest clubs in France.[1][5] Canal+ wiped out PSG's huge debt and appointed Michel Denisot, journalist on the channel, as club president in place of Francis Borelli.[5][21] Now enjoying serious investment, the Red and Blues were able to set their sights steadily higher: they had to qualify for European competitions in their first season and become French champions within three years.[2][21] In consequence, Canal+ increased the club's budget from 90 to 120 million francs in order to build a strong squad for the 1991–92 season.[2][21] The revolution began with the appointment of renowned coach Artur Jorge, famous for leading Porto to the 1986–87 European Cup trophy. The club then embarked on a spending spree, signing Brazilian stars Ricardo and Valdo as well as proven French players Paul Le Guen, Laurent Fournier, Patrick Colleter and prolific Liberian striker George Weah.[21]

The 1992–93 season also marked the beginning of Le Classique, the rivalry between Paris Saint-Germain and Olympique de Marseille, as both teams battled each other on the field for the 1992–93 French Division 1 crown.[21] PSG finished runners-up after losing both games against Marseille.[22][23] In the second match between the two clubs, only three days after winning the 1992–93 UEFA Champions League, league leaders Marseille welcomed closest challengers PSG in a match that would determine the title.[23] After Marseille won their fifth consecutive championship, Bernard Tapie and Marseille were found guilty of match-fixing in what became known as the French football bribery scandal.[24][25] The French Football Federation stripped Marseille of their title and offered it to second-placed PSG, who refused it because club owners Canal+ thought that claiming the trophy would anger their subscribers back in Marseille.[23][26] As a result, the 1992–93 title remained unattributed, with Canal+ even refused letting the capital club participate in next year's Champions League after UEFA excluded Marseille from the competition. Instead, Monaco, who finish third in Ligue 1 took the Champions League spot instead.[26]

Considered the club's golden era, the Parisians won nine trophies and reached five consecutive European semi-finals during the 1990s, including their first UEFA Champions League last-four appearance and two at the same stage of the UEFA Cup.[2][9][21] PSG's crowning glory came in the 1996 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final with legend Luis Fernandez now as coach.[27] Bruno Ngotty scored the only goal of the match to defeat Rapid Wien and make Paris the second French club to ever clinch a major European tournament and the youngest club in history to win a European title at 24 years of existence.[28][29] The following season, PSG finished runners-up in the 1996 UEFA Super Cup and 1997 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final.[30][31] On the domestic scene, results were just as satisfying, with Paris celebrating a second league title, three French Cups, two French League Cups and just as many French Super Cup wins.[2][9][21]

Crisis mode and relegation battles (1998–2011)

Club legend Pauleta, who was PSG's all-time top goalscorer, before the QSI takeover.

PSG then went into decline following years of mismanagement.[9] In the summer 1999, PSG spent heavily on new players signing Nicolas Anelka, Peter Luccin and Stéphane Dalmat as part of the "PSG Banlieue" project of its shareholder Canal+, with the goal of winning Ligue 1 and performing a solid UEFA Champions League campaign.[9] In 2002, the club faced a massive financial loss with a deficit of €65 million, leading Canal+ to fire Luis Fernandez as coach and Laurent Perpère as president and replacing them with Vahid Halilhodžić, who became the new coach and Francis Graille the new president.[9] The club's form dwindled as they slipped further down the table and eventually, a split from owners Canal+ became inevitable.[9]

At the start of the 21st century, PSG struggled to rescale the heights despite the magic of Ronaldinho and the goals of Pauleta.[1] Five more trophies arrived in the form of three French Cups (including one against Le Classique arch-rivals Marseille in 2006), one French League Cup and one UEFA Intertoto Cup, but the club became better known for lurching from one high-profile crisis to another.[9][32][33] Following years of mismanagement, the club's form dwindled as they slipped further down the table and a split from Canal+ became inevitable.[2][9]

The French premium television channel sold the club to Colony Capital in 2006. The situation, however, only got worse and PSG spent the 2006–07 and 2007–08 campaigns staving off relegations.[2][9] The latter was the most dramatic. Marred by poor results and fan violence, Paris avoided the drop on the final match after a 2–1 win at Sochaux. The hero was Ivorian striker Amara Diané who scored both goals that night. Despite not enjoying the star status of other current or past PSG greats, Diané is still considered a legend by most Parisian fans.[4]

QSI ownership and domestic hegemony (2011–present)

After two years of solid progress and stability under the stewardship of manager Antoine Kombouaré and president Robin Leproux, the fortunes of Paris Saint-Germain changed dramatically when Qatar Sports Investments (QSI) purchased the club in 2011.[9] The takeover made PSG not only the richest club in France but one of the wealthiest in the world.[34] Club president Nasser Al-Khelaifi pledged to form a team capable of winning the UEFA Champions League and making the club France's biggest name.[9][35]

Zlatan Ibrahimović greeting PSG fans in the Eiffel Tower on the day he signed for the club in July 2012.

Club legend Leonardo was brought back in a sporting director capacity and oversaw a spending spree in summer 2011 that has so far been unprecedented in Ligue 1 history, including the signings of Blaise Matuidi, Salvatore Sirigu, Maxwell, Kevin Gameiro and Javier Pastore.[9] As a result, the Parisians have dominated French football, despite finishing behind Montpellier in 2011–12, the elusive league crown was finally brought back to Paris in 2012–13 driven by star player Zlatan Ibrahimović, team captain Thiago Silva and famous manager Carlo Ancelotti.[9][36] During the season, ahead of the winter transfer deadline it was announced that David Beckham signed a five-month deal with the club.[37][38] Zlatan's 30-goal haul almost single-handedly led the capital side to its first Ligue 1 title in 19 years, and third overall. They also became a regular in the knockout stages of the Champions League,[39] being eliminated from the UEFA Champions League on away goals by Barcelona in the quarter-finals after drawing both games.[36] Big money signings continued with the arrivals of Edinson Cavani in 2013 for a league record of €64 million,[40] making it the sixth largest transfer in history and David Luiz in 2014 for a £50 million transfer fee, a world-record transfer for a defender.[41][42] Despite the departure of Carlo Ancelotti, PSG kept its winning ways under Laurent Blanc. The club secured a maiden domestic treble (Ligue 1, Coupe de la Ligue and Trophée des Champions) in the 2013–14 season, before claiming an unprecedented national quadruple (Ligue 1, Coupe de France, Coupe de la Ligue and Trophée des Champions) twice in a row in 2014–15 and 2015–16, winning the latter with a record-breaking 96 points, becoming the only first French men's team to achieve that feat.[43][44]

Fresh from three consecutive UEFA Europa League titles with Sevilla, Unai Emery was hired by PSG for his European pedigree.[35] But with star player Zlatan Ibrahimović gone, the club endured a disappointing 2016–17 season.[45][46] Paris were pipped to the Ligue 1 title by Monaco, missing out on top spot for the first time in five years. Meanwhile, in the UEFA Champions League, the club suffered several disappointing nights,[39] including arguably the club's most painful continental defeat in the infamous and controversial "La Remontada" ("The Comeback") against Barcelona, losing 6–1 in the second leg of the round of sixteen, despite winning the first leg in France by a score of 4–0.[47]

Neymar Jr official presentation for Paris Saint-Germain, 4 August 2017.
Neymar during his presentation in 2017, after becoming the most expensive player ever.

In response, PSG signed Neymar Jr. for a world-record fee of €222 million, making him the most expensive player ever and French prodigy Kylian Mbappé on an initial loan, which was made permanent in 2018 in a transfer worth €180 million plus add ons, making him both the second-most expensive player and most expensive teenager, assembling a fearsome attacking trio alongside Edinson Cavani.[48] The capital club reclaimed the Ligue 1 title and also won the Trophée des Champions, the Coupe de la Ligue and the Coupe de France, clinching the domestic quadruple for the third time in four seasons.[49] Despite their massive expenditure, in the Champions League, PSG lost to Real Madrid in the round of 16, leading manager Unai Emery to leave the club at the end of the season.[50]

Record Ballon D'Or winner Lionel Messi, who signed for the club in August 2021.

In May 2018, Thomas Tuchel signed a two-year contract with PSG, replacing Unai Emery.[51] Paris Saint-Germain again fell in the Champions League round of 16 in 2018–19, suffering a shock 3–1 defeat at home to Manchester United after winning the first leg 2–0 at Old Trafford.[52] This season, they also won the Ligue 1 for the 8th time in their history, but lost in the Coupe de France final against Rennes.[53][54] PSG were eliminated from the Coupe de la Ligue in embarrassing fashion, as they lost 2–1 at home to Guingamp in the quarterfinals.[55][56] In 2019–20, PSG won the Ligue 1 for the 9th time in their history, despite the season ending prematurely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and also reclaimed the Coupe de France defeating Saint-Étienne in the final and won the last-ever Coupe de la Ligue defeating Lyon in a penalty shootout.[57] In the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League, PSG reached the semi-finals for the second time since 1995, after a last minute 2–1 win over Atalanta,[58] before losing to Bayern Munich 1–0 in the finals in Lisbon, with former PSG player Kingsley Coman scoring the winning goal.[59]

Tuchel's tenure at Paris Saint-Germain was marred by a fractured relationship with the club's hierarchy, leading him to be dismissed on 24 December, despite placing top of their Champions League group.[60] On 2 January 2021, former PSG player Mauricio Pochettino was appointed as the new head coach.[61][62] PSG's good form in the Champions League continued in 2021 with a second consecutive UCL semi-final appearance, a first for the club.[63] Domestically, PSG won the Coupe de France, but failed to retain the Ligue 1 title, finishing one point behind Lille, losing the league for the second time in four years.[64]

In July, PSG completed one of the most historic transfer windows in football history, exercising the option to buy on Danilo Pereira and signing Achraf Hakimi from Inter Milan for a reported fee of €60 million, Georginio Wijnaldum, legendary Real Madrid captain Sergio Ramos and Euro 2020's player of the tournament Gianluigi Donnarumma on free transfers.[65][66][67] PSG concluded their transfer window with the signing of one of the greatest players of all time and record Ballon d'Or winner Lionel Messi, who unexpectedly left Barcelona following the expiration of his contract, and promising defender Nuno Mendes on a season-long loan with an option to buy.[68][69]

Identity

Colours and mascot

Germain the lynx, mascot of PSG.
Germain the Lynx, PSG's mascot.

Since their foundation, Paris Saint-Germain have represented both the city of Paris and the nearby royal town of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[9] As a result, red, blue and white are the club's traditional colours.[70] The red and blue are Parisian colours, a nod to revolutionary figures Lafayette and Jean Sylvain Bailly, and the white is a symbol of French royalty and Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[70][71]

On the club's crest, the Eiffel Tower in red and the blue background represent Paris, while the fleur de lys in white is a hint to the coat of arms of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[71][70] The fleur de lys is a royal symbol as well and recalls that French King Louis XIV was born in the town.[70] Throughout its history, PSG have brandished several crests, but all of them have featured the club's three historical colours.[72]

Likewise, PSG's most iconic shirts have been predominantly red, blue or white, with the remaining two colours included as well.[73] The club's official mascot, Germain the Lynx, also sports PSG's traditional colours.[71] It was unveiled during the 2010 Tournoi de Paris in commemoration of the club's 40th anniversary, and can be seen entertaining kids in the stands of the Parc des Princes or near the pitch with the players during the warm-up.[74]

Anthems and mottos

Further information: Paris Saint-Germain F.C. supporters § Anthems and mottos

"Allez Paris!," recorded by Belgian actress and singer Annie Cordy in 1971, was the club's first official anthem. A PSG fan from the start, she was part of an association of hundreds of celebrities who contributed to the club's foundation in 1970.[75][76] The club's second anthem, "Allez Paris-Saint-Germain!" by Les Parisiens, was recorded in 1977, replacing Cordy's version. An initiative of historical PSG leader and music producer Charles Talar, he produced and released it under his homonym record label.[77][78][79] The song's chorus became a popular chant among PSG supporters during games.[80] A new version, also called "Allez Paris-Saint-Germain!," was recorded in 2010 as part of the club's 40th anniversary celebrations. Sung to the tune of "Go West" by Village People, the lyrics were rewritten with suggestions made by fans. This is the club's current official anthem.[71][74][78]

"Ô Ville Lumière" ("Oh City of Light"), to the tune of "Flower of Scotland," is another veritable club anthem for PSG supporters.[81][82] Other notable chants from supporters' groups in the Boulogne and Auteuil stands include "Le Parc est à nous" ("The Parc is ours"), "Paris est magique!" ("Paris is magical!") and "Ici, c'est Paris!" ("This is Paris!").[71][83] Both stands began exchanging these chants during PSG matches in the 1990s.[80][84][85] "Paris est magique!" and "Ici c'est Paris!" are also the club's most iconic mottos or slogans.[71][86][87] "Who Said I Would" by Phill Collins is also a traditional anthem for the fans. The song has accompanied the players' entry into the field since 1992.[88]

Iconic shirts

See also: Paris Saint-Germain F.C. ownership and finances § Uniform partnerships

During their first three seasons of existence, the home shirt of Paris Saint-Germain was red with blue and white details in its sleeves and neck to bring together the three colours of the club: the red and blue of Paris, and the white of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[73][89] During the 2010–11 season, PSG wore a red shirt during home matches to commemorate their 40th anniversary.[90]

The connection between Paris Saint-Germain and the city's fashion houses is a longstanding one. French fashion designer Daniel Hechter became PSG president in 1973 and designed the club's traditional home look that same year: a blue shirt with a red vertical stripe flanked by two thinner white stripes (blue-white-red-white-blue).[89][91] First worn in the 1973–74 season, the so-called "Hechter shirt" has remained the classic home identity of PSG ever since.[73][92][93][94]

The three most iconic shirts of Paris Saint-Germain Football Club.
The three most iconic shirts of Paris Saint-Germain.

The famous jersey made its debut during a home Ligue 2 game against Red Star on November 10, 1973.[95] This was also the club's maiden match at the Parc des Princes. PSG won 3–1 as Othniel Dossevi scored the club's first goal at the stadium as well as the first with the Hechter shirt.[96] PSG stars from the 1990s and 2000s like Raí, Ronaldinho and Pauleta are associated with this kit. While wearing it, the capital club reached five European semi-finals in a row between 1993 and 1997, claimed the 1995–96 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and achieved eight consecutive wins against Le Classique arch-rivals Olympique de Marseille between 2002 and 2004.[73][97]

The general belief is that Hechter based his creation on the red-and-white jersey worn by Ajax, the dominant team in Europe at the time, but with the French flag in mind.[12][89][91] Hechter himself has denied this, though, instead claiming he was inspired by the Ford Mustang. He transposed the car's hood stripes on the shirt and employed the three colours of the club.[89] The Hechter shirt has two alternate versions: the "reversed Hechter" (red-white-blue-white-red), introduced in the 1974–75 season, and the "white Hechter" (white-blue-red-blue-white), which premiered in the 1994–95 season.[89][94][98]

It was with the club's most iconic away outfit, though, that fans saw the first big PSG team which won their maiden Coupe de France titles in 1982 and 1983, experienced their first European campaign in 1983 and claimed their maiden league crown in 1986. The shirt was white with blue and red vertical stripes on the left.[73][92] Like the Hechter jersey, it debuted in the 1973–74 season as the away kit.[89] Promoted by PSG president Francis Borelli, the white shirt was the club's home identity from 1981 to 1990.[92] Now known as the "Borelli shirt," it is synonym with PSG legends from the 1980s like Safet Sušić, Luis Fernández and Dominique Bathenay.[73][93][99]

Crest evolution

Logo du Paris Saint-Germain entre 1992 et 1996.
PSG logo between 1992 and 1996.

The first crest of Paris Saint-Germain was basically the same as the original Paris FC (PFC) logo. Having to merge and give birth to the club using Stade Saint-Germain's stadium, the PFC crest kept its original design but the name below it changed from "Paris FC" to "Paris Saint-Germain Football Club." This badge consisted of a blue football with a red vessel inside it. The latter is a historic symbol of Paris and is present in the city's coat of arms. The name of the club was written below in red. PSG, however, split from PFC in 1972 and thus needed a new crest.[100]

Representing both Paris and Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the club's second crest became the basis of the one the fans know today. The round logo featured the Eiffel Tower in red against a blue background with two Saint-Germain symbols in white between its legs: a fleur de lys and Louis XIV's cradle.[100] This crest was created by Christian Lentretien, former PSG board member and publicist by profession, in 1972.[101] It was first used until 1982.[100]

The Parc des Princes, the club's home stadium, was added below the crest in 1982 and lasted until 1990. Following a brief return of the traditional crest between 1990 and 1992, former owners Canal+ radically changed it in 1992. The new model had the acronym "PSG" in white against a blue-white-red-white-blue background (like the colour pattern of the Hechter shirt) with "Paris Saint-Germain" underneath in white against a black background.[100]

Under pressure from supporters, the traditional crest returned in 1995 with "Paris Saint-Germain" above the tower and "1970" below the cradle. This logo went through a slight facelift in 2002. At the request of the club's Qatari owners, the traditional crest underwent a major makeover in 2013 by design agency, Dragon Rouge.[100] “Paris” is now written in big white bold letters above a large Eiffel Tower, clearly putting forward the brand “Paris” instead of “Paris Saint-Germain.” Underneath it, “Saint-Germain” is written in smaller letters below the fleur de lys.[86][102] In contrast, the cradle and the club's founding year "1970" were left out.[102] PSG deputy general manager Jean-Claude Blanc said: “We are called Paris Saint-Germain but, above all, we are called Paris.”[86]

Friendly tournaments

Main articles: Tournoi de Paris and Tournoi Indoor de Paris-Bercy

Paris Saint-Germain used to host two very famous invitational competitions: the Tournoi de Paris and the Tournoi Indoor de Paris-Bercy.[103][104] Regarded as French football's most prestigious friendly tournament, the Tournoi de Paris is considered a precursor of both the Intercontinental Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup.[103][105] PSG began hosting it in 1975 and were crowned champions a record seven times.[103] Held at the Parc des Princes, the Tournoi de Paris was last organized in 2012.[103][106] The Tournoi Indoor de Paris-Bercy was an indoor football tournament founded by PSG in 1984 and held annually until 1991 at the AccorHotels Arena in the 12th arrondissement of Paris. Played indoors on a synthetic field and featuring seven-a-side teams, the competition featured hosts PSG and five more clubs. The Parisians lifted the trophy on two occasions, more than any other club.[104]

Grounds

Stadiums

PSG-Nantes Ligue 1 le 03-04-2019.
Inside the Parc des Princes in April 2019.
Main articles: Parc des Princes and Stade Municipal Georges Lefèvre

Paris Saint-Germain played their first game at their current home stadium, the 47,929-seater Parc des Princes, against Ligue 2 promotion rivals Red Star on November 10, 1973.[96][107] It was the curtain-raiser for that season's opening Ligue 1 match between Paris FC (PFC) and Sochaux.[96] PSG moved into the ground upon its return to Ligue 1 in 1974, ironically the same year that PFC were relegated. Up until that point it had been the home venue of PFC.[2][13]

During their early years, PSG played at several grounds including the main stadium of the Stade Municipal Georges Lefèvre sports complex, the Stade Jean-Bouin, the Stade de Paris and even the Parc des Princes a few times despite the reluctance of PFC.[108][109] Ever since PSG moved to the Parc, the Stade Georges Lefèvre's artificial turf and grass football pitches have hosted training sessions and home matches for the club's academy sides.[109][110] The complex is located in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, just across the street from the Camp des Loges, the club's training center.[110]

Training facilities

Main articles: Camp des Loges and Paris Saint-Germain Training Center

Located in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the Camp des Loges has been the club's training ground since 1970.[111] The current Camp des Loges, built on the same site as the old one, was inaugurated in November 2008.[112] It was then renamed Ooredoo Training Centre in September 2013 as part of a sponsorship deal with Ooredoo.[113]

The Paris Saint-Germain Training Center will be the club's new training ground and sports complex.[114][115][116] It will replace the Camp des Loges upon its completion in June 2023.[117][118] Owned and financed by the club, the venue will bring together PSG's male football, handball and judo teams, as well as the football and handball academies.[114][117] The club, however, will remain closely linked to their historic birthplace in Saint-Germain-en-Laye as the Camp des Loges will become the training ground of the female football team and academy.[119][120]

Support

Main article: Paris Saint-Germain F.C. supporters
OM-PSG en finale de la coupe de la France en 2006.
PSG supporters before the 2006 French Cup Final against arch-rivals Marseille.

Paris Saint-Germain is the most popular football club in France and one of the most widely supported teams in the world.[121][122] Famous PSG fans include Nicolas Sarkozy, Tony Parker, Tom Brady, Patrick Dempsey, Victoria Azarenka, Teddy Riner and DJ Snake.[123]

Lacking a big passionate fanbase, the club began offering cheaper season tickets to young supporters in 1976.[83][124][125] These fans were placed in the Kop K, located in the K section of the Borelli stand at the Parc des Princes.[125][126] Following an increase in ticket prices, Kop K supporters moved to the Boulogne stand in 1978, and the Kop of Boulogne (KoB) was born.[125][127] There, the club's first Italian-style ultra group, Boulogne Boys, was founded in 1985.[127] Other KoB groups, however, took British hooligans as dubious role models and violence rapidly escalated.[124] PSG supporters' groups have been linked to football hooliganism ever since.[127]

PSG owners Canal+ responded in 1991 by encouraging and financing non-violent fans of the KoB stand to take place in the Auteuil stand at the other end of the Parc des Princes. The Virage Auteuil was born, alongside Supras Auteuil, its most notorious ultras.[128] At first the measure worked but, slowly, a violent rivalry arose between the two stands.[128][129] Things came to a head in 2010 before a match against Olympique de Marseille in Paris. Boulogne fan Yann Lorence was killed following a fight between groups from both stands outside the Parc des Princes, forcing PSG president Robin Leproux to take action.[130][131]

The club exiled the supporters' groups from the Parc des Princes and banned them from all PSG matches in what was known as Plan Leproux.[130][131] It made PSG pay the price in terms of atmosphere, with one of Europe's most feared venues now subdued.[129][131] For their part, former Virage Auteuil supporters formed the Collectif Ultras Paris (CUP) in February 2016, with the aim of reclaiming their place at the stadium.[132] In October 2016, after a six-year absence, the club agreed to their return.[131] Grouped in the Auteuil end of the stadium, the CUP currently is the only ultra association officially recognized by PSG.[131][133] The ultra movement has also started to come back to life in the Boulogne stand. New groups Block Parisii, Paname Rebirth and Résistance Parisienne are trying to convince the club of relaunching the Kop of Boulogne.[134]

Rivalries

Main article: Le Classique

Paris Saint-Germain shares an intense rivalry with Olympique de Marseille; matches between the two teams are referred to as Le Classique.[135] Equivalent to Spain's El Clásico,[136] the fixture is the biggest rivalry in France and one of the greatest in the world.[137][138] The level of animosity is such that it extends outside of the pitch. Both sets of fans have been clashing against each other almost since the very first encounters between the two sides.[139][140]

The duo are the two most successful clubs in French football history and the only two French teams to have won major European trophies. Moreover, PSG and OM were the dominant forces in the land prior to the emergence of Olympique Lyonnais in the 2000s.[135] They are also the two most popular clubs in France and the two most followed French teams outside the country, ahead of Lyon.[121][122][139] Both clubs are at or near the top of the attendance lists every season as well.[139]

In their early meetings during the 1970s there was little indication the two would become deadly adversaries. The newly formed Parisians were trying to assemble a competitive team, while the Olympians were Ligue 1 contenders. It all changed in 1986, when PSG won its first championship and OM were bought by Bernard Tapie.[141] By the end of the decade, PSG were fighting for the 1988–89 title against Tapie's star-studded Marseille, and sparks flew for the first time.[139][22] The accusations made by PSG president Francis Borelli against Tapie and OM for fixing matches during that season were a big contributor to their growing antagonism.[33]

The 1990s were the real starting point of the rivalry, though. French TV channel Canal+ bought PSG in 1991 with the aim of breaking Marseille's hegemony, but agreed with Tapie to fuel the animosity between them as a way to spice up the league.[139][22] Now with similar financial power, PSG and OM established themselves as top contenders in the title race.[142] Both sides were less successful in the late 1990s and throughout the 2000s, but the rivalry remained just as fierce.[141][142] However, since the 2010s, the matchup has been completely dominated by PSG. The investment of their mega-rich Qatar owners has created a wide gap between them and Marseille.[142]

Ownership and finances

Main article: Paris Saint-Germain F.C. ownership and finances
Swedish striker Zlatan Ibrahimović (center) became the club's first high-profile signing in 2012.

During its first three years of existence, Paris Saint-Germain was fan-owned and had 20,000 socios.[1][124] The club was run by board members Guy Crescent, Pierre-Étienne Guyot and Henri Patrelle.[4][124] A group of wealthy French businessmen, led by Daniel Hechter and Francis Borelli, would then buy the club in 1973.[3] PSG changed hands in 1991, when Canal+ took over, and then again in 2006 with the arrival of Colony Capital.[5] Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, the Emir of Qatar, has been PSG's owner since 2011 through state-run shareholding organization Qatar Sports Investments (QSI).[143]

A subsidiary of Qatar's sovereign wealth fund Qatar Investment Authority (QIA), QSI became the club's majority shareholders in June 2011 and sole shareholders in March 2012.[5][143][144] This means PSG are a state-owned club, the only of its kind, and thus one of the richest teams in the world.[34][145][146] QSI chairman Nasser Al-Khelaifi has been PSG president since the takeover.[147] Al Thani, however, has the final word on every major decision of the club.[148] He is both the chairman of the QIA and the founder of QSI.[149]

Upon its arrival, QSI pledged to form a team capable of winning the UEFA Champions League and making the club France's biggest name.[9] PSG have spent over €1.3bn on player transfers since the summer of 2011.[42] These massive expenditures have translated in PSG's domination of French football but have not yet brought home the coveted Champions League trophy as well as causing problems with UEFA's Financial Fair Play regulations.[41][147][150]

As of the 2019–20 season, PSG have the seventh-highest revenue in the footballing world with an annual turnover of €541m according to Deloitte, and are the world's ninth most valuable football club, worth $2.5bn according to Forbes magazine.[151][152] PSG's strong financial position has been sustained by the club's Qatari owners;[153] the team's on-pitch success;[41] high-profile signings like Zlatan Ibrahimović, David Beckham, Neymar, Kylian Mbappé and Lionel Messi;[42] and lucrative sponsorship deals with the Qatar Tourism Authority, Nike, Accor and Air Jordan.[153][154] Throughout their history, though, PSG have rarely been profitable.[155] Prior to the Qatar buyout, the club's cumulative losses amounted to €300m.[155][156]

Honours

Main articles: List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. records and statistics, List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. seasons, and Paris Saint-Germain F.C. in international football
As of the end of the 2020–21 Ligue 1 season.[32]

Paris Saint-Germain holds many records,[157] most notably being the most successful French club in history in terms of official titles won, with 45.[1][32] Domestically, PSG have clinched nine Ligue 1 championships, a record fourteen Coupe de France, a record nine Coupe de la Ligue, a record ten Trophée des Champions and one Ligue 2 title. In international club football, they have claimed one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and one UEFA Intertoto Cup.[32] Additionally, PSG have won 24 unofficial titles.[158]

Their victory in the 1995–96 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup makes PSG the sole French side to have won this trophy as well as one of only two French clubs to have won a major European competition and the youngest European team to do so.[29][159] The Parisians are also the club with the most consecutive seasons in the top-flight (47 seasons in Ligue 1 since 1974–75).[160] Furthermore, PSG are the only side to have won the Coupe de France without conceding a single goal (1992–93 and 2016–17),[161] five Coupe de la Ligue in a row (2014–2018),[162] four back-to-back Coupe de France (2015–2018),[163] and eight consecutive Trophée des Champions (2013–2020).[164]

PSG have won all four national titles in a single season on four occasions. This feat is known as the domestic quadruple. The Red and Blues have completed the domestic double, the league and league cup double, the domestic cup double and the domestic treble several times as well. Therefore, PSG are the club with the most domestic doubles and league and league cup doubles, and the only team to have won the domestic cup double, the domestic treble and the domestic quadruple.[32][165][166]

Domestic

European

Doubles and trebles

Players

Main articles: List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players, List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players (25–99 appearances), and List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players (1–24 appearances)
As of 26 January 2022.[167]

First-team squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Costa Rica CRC Keylor Navas
2 DF Morocco MAR Achraf Hakimi
3 DF France FRA Presnel Kimpembe (vice-captain)[168]
4 DF Spain ESP Sergio Ramos
5 DF Brazil BRA Marquinhos (captain)[168]
6 MF Italy ITA Marco Verratti
7 FW France FRA Kylian Mbappé
8 MF Argentina ARG Leandro Paredes
9 FW Argentina ARG Mauro Icardi
10 FW Brazil BRA Neymar
11 MF Argentina ARG Ángel Di María
14 DF Spain ESP Juan Bernat
15 MF Portugal POR Danilo Pereira
17 DF France FRA Colin Dagba
18 MF Netherlands NED Georginio Wijnaldum
20 DF France FRA Layvin Kurzawa
No. Pos. Nation Player
21 MF Spain ESP Ander Herrera
22 DF Senegal SEN Abdou Diallo
23 MF Germany GER Julian Draxler
24 DF Germany GER Thilo Kehrer
25 DF Portugal POR Nuno Mendes (on loan from Sporting CP)
27 MF Senegal SEN Idrissa Gueye
28 MF France FRA Éric Junior Dina Ebimbe
30 FW Argentina ARG Lionel Messi
31 DF France FRA El Chadaille Bitshiabu
34 MF Netherlands NED Xavi Simons
35 MF France FRA Ismaël Gharbi
38 MF France FRA Edouard Michut
39 MF France FRA Nathan Bitumazala
40 GK Italy ITA Denis Franchi
50 GK Italy ITA Gianluigi Donnarumma
60 GK France FRA Alexandre Letellier

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK France FRA Alphonse Areola (at West Ham United until 30 June 2022)
— GK Poland POL Marcin Bułka (at Nice until 30 June 2022)
— GK Spain ESP Sergio Rico (at Mallorca until 30 June 2022)
— DF France FRA Teddy Alloh (at Eupen until 30 June 2022)
— DF France FRA Thierno Baldé (at Le Havre until 30 June 2022)
— DF France FRA Timothée Pembélé (at Bordeaux until 30 June 2022)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF Brazil BRA Rafinha (at Real Sociedad until 30 June 2022)
— MF Spain ESP Pablo Sarabia (at Sporting CP until 30 June 2022)
— FW France FRA Kenny Nagera (at Avranches until 30 June 2022)
— FW France FRA Samuel Noireau-Dauriat (at SPAL until 30 June 2022)
— FW France FRA Arnaud Kalimuendo (at Lens until 30 June 2022)

Other players under contract

See also: Paris Saint-Germain Academy

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK France FRA Garissone Innocent
— MF France FRA Anfane Ahamada
— MF Algeria ALG Massinissa Oufella
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF France FRA Tidjany Touré
— FW France FRA Alexandre Fressange

Staff and management

See also: List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. managers and List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. presidents
As of 12 July 2021.[167][169][170]

Corporate hierarchy

Visita Oficial del Emir de Qatar.
Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
Nasser Al-Khelaifi.
Nasser Al-Khelaïfi
Paris Saint-Germain's Technical Director Leonardo during an interactive session in Doha.
Leonardo
Mauricio Pochettino coaching Tottenham Hotspur FC in a game against PFC CSKA Moscow.
Mauricio Pochettino
Position Name
Owner Qatar Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
Majority shareholder Qatar Qatar Sports Investments
President Qatar Nasser Al-Khelaifi
Sporting director Brazil Leonardo
Assistant sporting director Italy Angelo Castellazzi
Secretary general France Victoriano Melero
Deputy general manager France Jean-Claude Blanc
Director of communications France Jean-Martial Ribes

Technical staff

Position Name
Head coach Argentina Mauricio Pochettino
Assistant coaches Spain Jesús Pérez
Argentina Miguel D'Agostino
Goalkeeper coaches Spain Toni Jiménez
Italy Gianluca Spinelli
Fitness coaches Argentina Sebastiano Pochettino
France Nicolas Mayer
Video analysis managers France Antoine Guillotin
France Vincent Brunet
France Clément Gonin

Performance staff

Position Name
Club performance coordinator Italy Gian Nicola Bisciotti
Sports scientists France Denis Lefebve
Brazil Ricardo Rosa
Australia Ben Michael Simpson
France Maxime Coulerot
Italy Cristoforo Filetti

Medical staff

Position Name
Chief medical doctor France Christophe Baudot
Doctor France Quentin Vincent
Physiotherapist coordinator France Cyril Praud
Physiotherapists France Frédéric Mankowski
France Joffrey Martin
France Gaël Pasquer
Brazil Rafael Martini
Italy Dario Forte
Italy Diego Mantovani
Podologist France Gaëlle Scalia
Medical assistant France Sandrine Jarzaguet

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External links

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