val

See also: Val, vál, văl, väl, vål, val., Val., and -val

English

Etymology

Shortening.

Noun

val (countable and uncountable, plural vals)

1. (informal) Valium.
   • 1997 May 29, Kate Sholl, “Re: MED: Pain relief in Neck?”, in alt.med.fibromyalgia, Usenet‎^[1]:

     and i must be on that list of people that need to get knocked over with a hammer 'cause vicodin and val don't knock me out.

   • 1998 December 29, rob [username], “Re: Depression and MS(leg/feet burning pain)”, in alt.support.mult-sclerosis, Usenet‎^[2]:

     I would think though that whatever the reason for a panic attack valium would be great. I know that if my house was on fire and I was on 15mg of val It^[sic] would take a lot more energy than I had, to panic. ;^)

   • 2002 June 28, FllSpdAhd1 [username], “Re: Valium?”, in rec.pets.cats.health+behav, Usenet‎^[3]:

     I'm a medic and phenobarb is the primary drug for true seizures, but the OP states the cat presents seizure like behavior at the sound of her voice. I don't know where any of you are from, but we don't treat seizures with val.

Anagrams

• AVL, LAV, Vla., lav

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Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch vallen

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fal/

Verb

val (present val, present participle vallende, past participle geval)

1. to fall

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Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin valles.

Noun

val f

1. valley

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Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈval/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /ˈbal/
• Rhymes: -al

Noun

val m (plural vals)

1. voucher

Interjection

val

1. okay

Verb

val

1. third-person singular present indicative form of valer
2. second-person singular imperative form of valer

Further reading

• “val” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “val” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “val” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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Czech

Etymology

From Middle High German wal, from Latin vallum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /val/
• Rhymes: -al

Noun

val m

1. bulwark, rampart

Declension

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	val	valy
genitive	valu	valů
dative	valu	valům
accusative	val	valy
vocative	vale	valy
locative	valu	valech
instrumental	valem	valy

Further reading

• val in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• val in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

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Danish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Norse valr

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvaːl/, [ˈʋæˀl]
• Homophone: hval

Noun

val c (singular definite valen, not used in plural form)

1. (poetic) battlefield

References

• “val” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “Val,1” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle Low German wal or Dutch wal (“coast, shore”), from Latin vallum. Doublet of vold.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvalˀ/, [ˈʋalˀ]
• Homophone: valg

Noun

val c (singular definite vallen, not used in plural form)

1. (obsolete) steep coastline
   • 1779, Johannes Ewald, Romance (from the play Fiskerne), now royal anthem of Denmark / https://kalliope.org/da/text/ewlad1999022205:

     Fra Vallen hørtes Vraal, som brød | Den tykke Skye.

     From the coast a cry was heard that broke the thick cloud.

References

• “Val,2” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Etymology 3

From Old Norse vǫllr, from Proto-Germanic *walþuz (“forest”), cognate with German Wald. Doublet of vold. Alternatively, the same word as the noun above.

Noun

val c (singular definite vallen, not used in plural form)

1. (obsolete) plain
   • 1812, N.F.S. Grundtvig, Til Danerkongen Frederik hin Sjette (in: Poetiske Skrifter, vol. 3, p. 2):

     Paa faste Val og paa den grønne Strand, | At ofre villig baade Liv og Blod.

     On the firm plain and the green beach to sacrifice both life and blood.

References

• “Val,3” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɑl/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: val
• Rhymes: -ɑl

Etymology 1

From the verb vallen (“to fall”).

Noun

val m (plural vallen, diminutive valletje n)

1. A fall (act or event of falling).
2. A downfall, demise.

   Synonym: ondergang

3. (in compounds) A case, modality
4. (in compounds) The falling of the night, nightfall.

Derived terms

• avondval
• bouwval
• kabinetsval
• knieval
• maatval
• naamval
• nachtval
• regenval
• rijmval
• sneeuwval
• toonval
• valavond
• valkuil
• valstrik
• valuur
• verzenval
• waterval

 

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch valle.

Noun

val f (plural vallen, diminutive valletje n)

1. A physical trap, snare.
2. Any trap, ploy.

Derived terms

• berenval
• geurval
• muizenval

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

val

1. first-person singular present indicative of vallen
2. imperative of vallen

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Probably of the same origin as walvis (“whale”), being the largest land fish.

Noun

val m (plural vallen, diminutive valletje n)

1. (obsolete) A catfish.

   Synonym: meerval

2. Any of its relatives in the family Siluridae.

Derived terms

• meerval
• pantserval
• sidderval
• slangval
• vinval

Etymology 5

From Sanskrit वल्ले (valle), called after the resilient seeds of Abrus precatorius. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

val m (plural vals, diminutive valletje n)

1. (obsolete) An East Indian weight for silver and gold.(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
   • 1682, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, De zes reizen van den Heer J. Bapt. Tavernier, die hij, gedurende de tyt van veertig jaren, in Turkyen, Persiën, en in d'Indiën, langs alle de wegen, die derwaarts strekken, gedaan heeft [The six voyages of Lord J. Bapt. Tavernier, which he made during the period of forty years, in Turkey, Persia, and in the Indies, along all the roads leading thither], Amsterdam: Weduwe Johannes van Someren, page 12:

     Wat de Spaansche Reaal aangaat / die drieënzeventig Vals weegt / men heeft 'er vier Mamoudiën en een halve voor / en een Mamoudi geld twintig Pechas ; en in dezer voegen heeft men voor de Spaansche Reaal tnegentig Pechas: maar zij moeten / gelijk ik gezegt heb / goed zijn / en drieenzeventig Vals wegen.

     As for the Spanish real, which weighs seventy-three vals, one gets four and a half mahmudi for it, and a mahmudi is worth twenty paisa; and in this way one has ninety paisa for the Spanish real: but they should, as I was saying, be good, and weigh seventy-three vals.

Anagrams

• vla

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Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse val (“choice”), from the verb velja (“to choose”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɛaːl

Noun

val n (genitive singular vals, plural val)

1. choice
2. (politics) election
3. quality

Declension

Declension of val
n3	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	val	valið	val	valini
accusative	val	valið	val	valini
dative	vali	valinum	valum	valunum
genitive	vals	valsins	vala	valanna

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French

Etymology

From Old French val, from Latin vallis, vallem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /val/

Noun

val m (plural vaux)

1. (literary) valley, vale

Derived terms

• par monts et par vaux
• Val d'Aoste
• Val de Loire
• vallée
• vallon

See also

• VAL

Further reading

• “val”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Friulian

Etymology

From Latin vallis, vallem.

Noun

val f (plural valis)

1. valley

Synonyms

• valdade

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Galician

Etymology

13th century. From Old Galician and Old Portuguese vale, from Latin vallis, vallem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbal/

Noun

val m (plural vales)

1. valley
   • c1350, Kevin M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto Padre Sarmiento, page 122:

     Et ao ferir, braadarõ et deron tan grãdes vozes que os vales rretenyam.

     As they clashed, they shouted and cried so aloud that the valleys resounded.

Derived terms

• Balboa
• Doval
• Val
• Valboa
• Valbón
• Valcovo
• Vales
• Valía
• Valilongo
• Valín
• Valiña
• valiña
• Valiñaxemia
• Valiño
• Valmaior
• Valonga
• Valongo
• Valouta
• Valquente
• Valverde
• Varalongo
• Varilongo

 

References

• “vale” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2012.
• “vale” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2016.
• “val” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “val” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “val” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

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Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse val (“choice”), from the verb velja (“to choose”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vaːl/
• Rhymes: -aːl

Noun

val n

1. choice
2. selection

Declension

declension of val

n-s	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	val	valið	völ	völin
accusative	val	valið	völ	völin
dative	vali	valinu	völum	völunum
genitive	vals	valsins	vala	valanna

Derived terms

• náttúruval
• kynbundið val

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Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈval/
• Rhymes: -al
• Hyphenation: vàl

Noun

val f (apocopated)

1. Apocopic form of valle

Verb

val

1. Apocopic form of vale

Anagrams

• Vla.

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Livonian

Alternative forms

• (Courland) va'l

Etymology

Related to Finnish valo.

Noun

val

1. light

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Middle High German

Etymology

From Old High German val

Noun

val m

1. fall
2. (grammar) case
   • 14th century, Heinrich von Mügeln, Der meide krancz (Codex Palatinus germanicus (Cod. Pal. germ.) 14)

     Wÿ man dy namen brechen ſol

     Nach iren vellen hin czu cal

     [the following verses contain a declension of Petrus (genitive Petri, dative Petro, accusative Petrum, vocative Petre and ablative Petro)]

     How one shall inflect/decline (literally break) the nouns

     After their cases over to number

Descendants

• German: Fall

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse vaðill (“ford, shallow water”).

Noun

val m (definite singular valen, indefinite plural valer, definite plural valene)

1. inlet, shallow bay

Etymology 2

From Old Norse valr (“the fallen”).

Noun

val m (definite singular valen, indefinite plural valer, definite plural valene)

1. (poetic) battlefield

Etymology 3

From Old Norse val.

Noun

val n

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 1959; superseded by valg

References

• “val” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse val.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋɑːl/

Noun

val n (definite singular valet, indefinite plural val, definite plural vala)

1. choice

   Du har ikkje noko val.

   You don't have a choice.

2. election

   Kven skal du røysta på til valet?

   Who are you going to vote for in the election?

Synonyms

• (election) røysting

Derived terms

• utval
• valkamp

See also

• valg (Bokmål)

References

• “val” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Occitan

Alternative forms

• vath (Gascon)
• vau (Provençal)

Etymology

From Latin vallis.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Languedocien)

  (file)

Noun

val f (plural vals)

1. valley

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Old French

Alternative forms

• vaul

Etymology

From Latin vallis, vallem.

Noun

val m (oblique plural vaus or vax or vals, nominative singular vaus or vax or vals, nominative plural val)

1. valley

Descendants

• → English: vale
• French: val

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Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *fall, from Proto-Germanic *fallaz.

Noun

val m

1. fall

Descendants

• Middle High German: val
  • German: Fall

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Old Norse

Noun

val

1. accusative singular of valr

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Piedmontese

Etymology

From Latin vallis, vallem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /val/

Noun

val f (plural vaj)

1. valley

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -al

Noun

val m (plural vales)

1. Apocopic form of vale: valley

   Synonym: vale

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Romanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *valъ, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, roll”). Compare Serbo-Croatian val; close to Albanian valë.

Noun

val n (plural valuri)

1. wave

Declension

Declension of val

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) val	valul	(niște) valuri	valurile
genitive/dative	(unui) val	valului	(unor) valuri	valurilor
vocative	valule		valurilor

Synonyms

• undă

Derived terms

• învălura
• învălui
• vălări

Related terms

• năvăli
• prăvăli
• valmă

Etymology 2

From Latin vallum (“wall, rampart”), probably a later borrowing; cf. German Wall, Italian vallo, also English wall

Noun

val n (plural valuri)

1. earth rampart which served in antiquity as a military stronghold

Declension

Declension of val

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) val	valul	(niște) valuri	valurile
genitive/dative	(unui) val	valului	(unor) valuri	valurilor
vocative	valule		valurilor

See also

• văl

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Romansch

Etymology

From Latin vallis, vallem.

Noun

val f (plural vals)

1. valley

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *valъ, from Proto-Indo-European *wel(H)- (“to turn, roll”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋâːl/

Noun

vȃl m (Cyrillic spelling ва̑л)

1. (regional, Croatia) wave (a long body of water curling into an arched form)

Declension

Declension of val

	singular	plural
nominative	val	valovi
genitive	vala	valova
dative	valu	valovima
accusative	val	valove
vocative	vale	valovi
locative	valu	valovima
instrumental	valom	valovima

Synonyms

• tȁlās

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Slovak

Etymology

From Middle High German wal, from Latin vallum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [val]

Noun

val m

1. bulwark, rampart

Declension

Declension of val

	singular	plural
nominative	val	valy
genitive	valu	valov
dative	valu	valom
accusative	val	valy
locative	vrale	valoch
instrumental	valom	valmi

Further reading

• val in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

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Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *valъ, from Proto-Indo-European *wel(H)- (“to turn, roll”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋáːl/

Noun

vȃl m inan

1. wave, undulation

Inflection

Masculine inan., hard o-stem, plural in -ôv-
nom. sing.	vál
gen. sing.	vála
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	vál	valôva	valôvi
accusative	vál	valôva	valôve
genitive	vála	valôv	valôv
dative	válu	valôvoma	valôvom
locative	válu	valôvih	valôvih
instrumental	válom	valôvoma	valôvi

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	vál
gen. sing.	vála
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	vál	vála	váli
accusative	vál	vála	vále
genitive	vála	válov	válov
dative	válu	váloma	válom
locative	válu	válih	válih
instrumental	válom	váloma	váli

Derived terms

• valováti
• valovéti
• valovíti
• valôven

Further reading

• “val”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

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Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbal/, [ˈbal]

Noun

val m (plural valles)

1. Apocopic form of valle valley

Derived terms

• Valparaíso

Verb

val

1. Apocopic form of vale: is worth

   mi casa y mi hogar cien doblas val. (val rhymes with hogar, assonant rhyme)

   there's no place like home.

Usage notes

In Old Spanish, after the consonants /d/, /n/, /l/, /ll/, /r/, and /z/, a final /-e/ was frequently elided, as in pid, vien, val, quier, faz, versus the modern forms of pide, viene, vale, quiere, and hace (in modern Spanish, a few apocopes following coronal consonants are still preserved: buen, gran, san, derived from bueno, grande, and santo).

Further reading

• “val” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

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Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish hval, from Old Norse hvalr, from Proto-Germanic *hwalaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɑːl/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

val c

1. whale

Declension

Declension of val
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	val	valen	valar	valarna
Genitive	vals	valens	valars	valarnas

Etymology 2

From Old Norse val, related to välja, vilja (English will)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɑːl/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

val n

1. an election
2. a choice

Declension

Declension of val
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	val	valet	val	valen
Genitive	vals	valets	vals	valens

Etymology 3

From Old Norse valr (“the slain, the fallen”), from Proto-Germanic *walaz (“corpse, body; carnage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɑːl/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

val ?

1. the fallen; casualties of a war or battle

Anagrams

• alv, lav

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Venetian

Etymology

From Latin vallis, vallem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /val/
• Hyphenation: vàl

Noun

val f (plural val)

1. valley

Synonyms

• vałe

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Westrobothnian

Etymology

From Old Norse val, related to the verb velja (“to choose”).

Noun

val n

1. Choice, election.

Related terms

• väli
• vili

Verb

val (preterite vart, supine vorte)

1. Alternative spelling of wahl

Noun

val m

1. Alternative form of gval (etymology 1 & 2)