Portal:World
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The World Portal
In its most general sense, the term "world" refers to the totality of entities, to the whole of reality or to everything that is. The nature of the world has been conceptualized differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the world as unique while others talk of a "plurality of worlds". Some treat the world as one simple object while others analyze the world as a complex made up of many parts. In scientific cosmology the world or universe is commonly defined as "[t]he totality of all space and time; all that is, has been, and will be". Theories of modality, on the other hand, talk of possible worlds as complete and consistent ways how things could have been. Phenomenology, starting from the horizon of co-given objects present in the periphery of every experience, defines the world as the biggest horizon or the "horizon of all horizons". In philosophy of mind, the world is commonly contrasted with the mind as that which is represented by the mind. Theology conceptualizes the world in relation to God, for example, as God's creation, as identical to God or as the two being interdependent. In religions, there is often a tendency to downgrade the material or sensory world in favor of a spiritual world to be sought through religious practice. A comprehensive representation of the world and our place in it, as is commonly found in religions, is known as a worldview. Cosmogony is the field that studies the origin or creation of the world while eschatology refers to the science or doctrine of the last things or of the end of the world.
In various contexts, the term "world" takes a more restricted meaning associated, for example, with the Earth and all life on it, with humanity as a whole or with an international or intercontinental scope. In this sense, world history refers to the history of humanity as a whole or world politics is the discipline of political science studying issues that transcend nations and continents. Other examples include terms such as "world religion", "world language", "world government", "world war", "world population", "world economy" or "world championship". (Full article...)
Selected articles - show another
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Global change in broad sense refers to planetary-scale changes in the Earth system. It is most commonly use to encompass the variety of changes connected to the rapid increase in human activities which started around mid-20th century, i.e. the Great Acceleration. While the concept stems from research on the climate change, it is used to adopt a more holistic view on the observed changes. Global change refers to the changes of the Earth system, treated in its entirety with interacting physicochemical and biological components. as well as the impact human societies have on the components and vice versa. Therefore, the changes are studied through means of Earth system science. (Full article...) - Image 2Global mass surveillance can be defined as the mass surveillance of entire populations across national borders.
Its existence was not widely acknowledged by governments and the mainstream media until the global surveillance disclosures by Edward Snowden triggered a debate about the right to privacy in the Digital Age. (Full article...) - Image 3Human security is a paradigm for understanding global vulnerabilities whose proponents challenge the traditional notion of national security through military security by arguing that the proper referent for security should be at the human rather than national level. Human security reveals a people-centred and multi-disciplinary understanding of security which involves a number of research fields, including development studies, international relations, strategic studies, and human rights. The United Nations Development Programme's 1994 Human Development Report is considered a milestone publication in the field of human security, with its argument that ensuring "freedom from want" and "freedom from fear" for all persons is the best path to tackle the problem of global insecurity.
Critics of the concept argue that its vagueness undermines its effectiveness, that it has become little more than a vehicle for activists wishing to promote certain causes, and that it does not help the research community understand what security means or help decision makers to formulate good policies. Alternatively, other scholars have argued that the concept of human security should be broadened to encompass military security: 'In other words, if this thing called ‘human security’ has the concept of ‘the human’ embedded at the heart of it, then let us address the question of the human condition directly. Thus understood, human security would no longer be the vague amorphous add-on to harder edged areas of security such as military security or state security.' (Full article...) - Image 4
The FIFA Women's World Cup is an international association football competition contested by the senior women's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's international governing body. The competition has been held every four years and one year after the FIFA World Cup since 1991, when the inaugural tournament, then called the FIFA Women's World Championship, was held in China. Under the tournament's current format, national teams vie for 31 slots in a three-year qualification phase. The host nation's team is automatically entered as the 32nd slot. The tournament proper, alternatively called the World Cup Finals, is contested at venues within the host nation(s) over a period of about one month.
The eight FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments have been won by four national teams. The United States have won four times, and are the current champions after winning it at the 2019 tournament in France. The other winners are Germany, with two titles, and Japan and Norway with one title each. (Full article...) - Image 5
The world tree is a motif present in several religions and mythologies, particularly Indo-European religions, Siberian religions, and Native American religions. The world tree is represented as a colossal tree which supports the heavens, thereby connecting the heavens, the terrestrial world, and, through its roots, the underworld. It may also be strongly connected to the motif of the tree of life, but it is the source of wisdom of the ages.
Specific world trees include égig érő fa in Hungarian mythology, Ağaç Ana in Turkic mythology, Andndayin Ca˙r in Armenian mythology, Modun in Mongol mythology, Yggdrasil in Norse mythology, Irminsul in Germanic mythology, the oak in Slavic, Finnish and Baltic, Iroko in Yoruba religion, Jianmu in Chinese mythology, and in Hindu mythology the Ashvattha (a Ficus religiosa). (Full article...) - Image 6Proto-globalization or early modern globalization is a period of the history of globalization roughly spanning the years between 1600 and 1800, following the period of archaic globalization. First introduced by historians A. G. Hopkins and Christopher Bayly, the term describes the phase of increasing trade links and cultural exchange that characterized the period immediately preceding the advent of so-called "modern globalization" in the 19th century.
Proto-globalization distinguished itself from modern globalization on the basis of expansionism, the method of managing global trade, and the level of information exchange. The period of proto-globalization is marked by such trade arrangements as the East India Company, the shift of hegemony to Western Europe, the rise of larger-scale conflicts between powerful nations such as the Thirty Years' War, and a rise of new commodities—most particularly slave trade. The Triangular Trade made it possible for Europe to take advantage of resources within the western hemisphere. The transfer of plant and animal crops and epidemic diseases associated with Alfred Crosby's concept of The Columbian Exchange also played a central role in this process. Proto-globalization trade and communications involved a vast group including European, Muslim, Indian, Southeast Asian and Chinese merchants, particularly in the Indian Ocean region. (Full article...) - Image 7
A sovereign state, also known as sovereign country, is a political entity represented by one centralized government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is independent. According to the declarative theory of statehood, a sovereign state can exist without being recognised by other sovereign states. Unrecognised states will often find it difficult to exercise full treaty-making powers or engage in diplomatic relations with other sovereign states. (Full article...)
General images - load new batch
Image 1Planetary disk of a star, the inner ring has a radius equal to Earth and the Sun (from Earth)
Image 2World War I trench warfare (from Human history)
Image 3Ming dynasty section, Great Wall of China (from Human history)
Image 4Last Moon landing: Apollo 17 (1972) (from Human history)
Image 5Cross-section through a liposome (from History of Earth)
Image 6Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia, founded 670 CE (from Human history)
Image 7Chloroplasts in the cells of a moss (from History of Earth)
Image 8Geologic map of North America, color-coded by age. From most recent to oldest, age is indicated by yellow, green, blue, and red. The reds and pinks indicate rock from the Archean.
Image 9Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man (c. 1490), Renaissance Italy (from Human history)
Image 10World population, 10,000 BCE – 2,000 CE (vertical population scale is logarithmic) (from Human history)
Image 11University of Timbuktu, Mali (from Human history)
Image 12Gutenberg Bible, ca. 1450, produced using movable type (from Human history)
Image 13Graph showing range of estimated partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen through geologic time (from History of Earth)
Image 14Crusader Krak des Chevaliers, Syria (from Human history)
Image 15Lithified stromatolites on the shores of Lake Thetis, Western Australia. Archean stromatolites are the first direct fossil traces of life on Earth. (from History of Earth)
Image 16Water is transported to various parts of the hydrosphere via the water cycle (from Earth)
Image 171570 world map, showing Europeans' discoveries (from Human history)
Image 18A brass "Benin Bronze" from Nigeria (from Human history)
Image 19Obelisk of Axum, Ethiopia (from Human history)
Image 20Great Pyramids of Giza, Egypt (from Human history)
Image 21Cave painting, Lascaux, France, c. 15,000 BCE (from Human history)
Image 22Trilobites first appeared during the Cambrian period and were among the most widespread and diverse groups of Paleozoic organisms. (from History of Earth)
Image 23Atomic bombings: Hiroshima, Nagasaki, 1945 (from Human history)
Image 24Earth's axial tilt (or obliquity) and its relation to the rotation axis and plane of orbit (from Earth)
Image 25Moai, Rapa Nui (Easter Island) (from Human history)
Image 26Watt's steam engine powered the Industrial Revolution. (from Human history)
Image 27Angkor Wat temple, Cambodia, early 12th century (from Human history)
Image 28Carboniferous rocks that were folded, uplifted and eroded during the orogeny that completed the formation of the Pangaea supercontinent, before deposition of the overlying Triassic strata, in the Algarve Basin, which marked the start of its break-up (from Earth)
Image 29Dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates throughout most of the Mesozoic (from History of Earth)
Image 30Earth's history with time-spans of the eons to scale (from History of Earth)
Image 31Persepolis, Achaemenid Empire, 6th century BCE (from Human history)
Image 32An artist's rendering of a protoplanetary disk (from History of Earth)
Image 33Pillar erected by India's Maurya Emperor Ashoka (from Human history)
Image 34Yggdrasil, a modern attempt to reconstruct the Norse world tree which connects the heavens, the world, and the underworld. (from World)
Image 35Top of Earth's blue-tinted atmosphere, with the Moon at the background (from Earth)
Image 36Tiktaalik, a fish with limb-like fins and a predecessor of tetrapods. Reconstruction from fossils about 375 million years old. (from History of Earth)
Image 37Earthrise, taken in 1968 by William Anders, an astronaut on board Apollo 8 (from Earth)
Image 38Artist's conception of Hadean Eon Earth, when it was much hotter and inhospitable to all forms of life. (from History of Earth)
Image 39Schematic of Earth's magnetosphere, with the solar wind flows from left to right (from Earth)
Image 40Empires of the world in 1898 (from Human history)
Image 41Earth topological map, the area is redder if it is raised higher in real-life (from Earth)
Image 42A 580 million year old fossil of Spriggina floundensi, an animal from the Ediacaran period. Such life forms could have been ancestors to the many new forms that originated in the Cambrian Explosion. (from History of Earth)
Image 43Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), Turkey (from Human history)
Image 44Maya observatory, Chichen Itza, Mexico (from Human history)
Image 45Artist's impression of the enormous collision that probably formed the Moon (from History of Earth)
Image 46The Pantheon in Rome, Italy, originally a Roman temple, now a Catholic church (from Human history)
Image 47Artist's conception of Devonian flora (from History of Earth)
Image 48Earth's rotation imaged by Deep Space Climate Observatory, showing axis tilt (from Earth)
Image 49A reconstruction of human history based on fossil data. (from History of Earth)
Image 50St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. (from Human history)
Image 51The replicator in virtually all known life is deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is far more complex than the original replicator and its replication systems are highly elaborate. (from History of Earth)
Image 53Astronaut Bruce McCandless II outside of the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 (from History of Earth)
Image 54The Buddha (from Human history)
Image 55Pangaea was a supercontinent that existed from about 300 to 180 Ma. The outlines of the modern continents and other landmasses are indicated on this map. (from History of Earth)
Image 56Taj Mahal, Mughal Empire, India (from Human history)
Image 57The first airplane, the Wright Flyer, flew, 1903. (from Human history)
Image 59Notre-Dame de Paris in Paris, France: is among the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of Christendom. (from Human history)
Image 60Machu Picchu, Inca Empire, Peru (from Human history)
Image 61China urbanized rapidly in the 21st century (Shanghai pictured). (from Human history)
Image 62Chennakesava Temple, Belur, India (from Human history)
Image 63Full moon as seen from Earth's Northern Hemisphere (from Earth)
Image 64Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci epitomizes the advances in art and science seen during the Renaissance. (from History of Earth)
Image 65The Blue Marble, a photograph of the planet Earth made on 7 December 1972 by the crew of the Apollo 17 spacecraft. (from World)
Image 66Battle during 1281 Mongol invasion of Japan (from Human history)
Image 67A banded iron formation from the 3.15 Ga Moodies Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. Red layers represent the times when oxygen was available; gray layers were formed in anoxic circumstances. (from History of Earth)
Image 68Monumental Cuneiform inscription, Sumer, Mesopotamia, 26th century BCE (from Human history)
Image 69Civilians (here, Mỹ Lai, Vietnam, 1968) suffered greatly in 20th-century wars. (from Human history)
Image 71A reconstruction of Pannotia (550 Ma). (from History of Earth)
Megacities of the world - show another
Istanbul (/ˌɪstænˈbʊl/ IST-an-BUUL, US also /ˈɪstænbʊl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: İstanbul [isˈtanbuɫ] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople, is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. The city straddles the Bosporus strait, lying in both Europe and Asia, and has a population of over 15 million residents, comprising 19% of the population of Turkey. Istanbul is the most populous European city, and the world's 15th-largest city.
The city was founded as Byzantium (Byzantion) in the 7th century BC by Greek settlers from Megara. In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome (Nova Roma) and then as Constantinople (Constantinopolis) after himself. The city grew in size and influence, eventually becoming a beacon of the Silk Road and one of the most important cities in history. (Full article...)Did you know - load new batch
- ... that Elizabeth Laurie Rees was the only woman to lead devotions at the 1928 World Baptist Congress in Toronto?
- ... that the Yeoman Warders Club might be the most exclusive pub in the world, with only 37 members?
- ... that the 1957–1958 influenza pandemic killed at least one million people worldwide?
- ... that Dorothy Olsen was one of only twelve American women certified for night flight in World War II?
- ... that the nave entrance doors of St Rufus Church in Keith, Moray, Scotland, incorporate a two-sided memorial to the First and Second World Wars?
- ... that the construction of Interstate H-2 in Hawaii unearthed a chapel built by Italian prisoners of war in the 1940s?
- ... that five-time world chess champion Viswanathan Anand and India's first woman Everest climber Bachendri Pal received the Arjuna Award in the 1980s, then India's highest sporting honour?
- ... that in 1943, the United States Army conducted a large-scale battle near Stauffer, Oregon, as part of the Oregon Maneuver training exercise preparing troops for combat in World War II?
Countries of the world - show another
Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital Vienna, the largest city and state. The country is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. It occupies a landlocked area of 83,879 km2 (32,386 sq mi) and has a population of roughly 9 million people.
Austria emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium. Originally a margraviate of Bavaria, it later developed into a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in 1156, and then an archduchy in 1453. As of the 16th century, Vienna began serving as the administrative imperial capital and Austria thus became the heartland of the Habsburg Monarchy. Following the Empire's dissolution in 1806, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and the dominant member of the German Confederation. The Austrian Empire's defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 lead to the end of the Confederation and paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary a year later. (Full article...)Various lists of the Wonders of the World have been compiled from antiquity to the present day, in order to catalogue the world's most spectacular natural features and human-built structures.
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is the oldest known list of this type, documenting the most remarkable man-made creations of classical antiquity; it was based on guidebooks popular among Hellenic sightseers and as such only includes works located around the Mediterranean rim and in the ancient Near East. The number seven was chosen because the Greeks believed it represented perfection and plenty, and because it reflected the number of planets known in ancient times (five) plus the Sun and Moon.
Many similar lists have been made for other regions of the world or for the entire world, or which include natural wonders instead of man-made structures. (Full article...)Related portals
Protected areas of the world - load new batch
- Image 1Victoria is the smallest mainland state in Australia. As of 2008[update] it contained 2,850 separate protected areas with a total land area of 39,273 km2 (15,163 sq mi) (17.26% of the state's area). Of these, 45 were national parks, totalling 28,023 km2 (10,820 sq mi) (11.32% of the state's area).
The parks are managed by Parks Victoria, a state government agency. There are also many smaller state areas which are subject to commercial activity such as logging. (Full article...) - Image 2
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Protected areas of Qatar include:- Al Reem Biosphere Preserve (designated in 2007) is part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in the Arab States
- Al Shahaniyah Park in Al-Shahaniya
- Al Thakira Nature Reserve in Al Thakhira
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation
- Dahl Al Hammam Park, a sinkhole in Doha (entrance to the hole is now closed to the public)
- Khor Al Adaid Natural Reserve in Khor Al Adaid
- Khor Al Udeid Fish Sanctuary
- Mudhlem Cave in Mukaynis
- Musfer Sinkhole in Salwa
- Ras Abrouq Nature Reserve (also known as Bir Zekreet (Zekreet Beach)) in Ras Abrouq
- Ras Ushairij Gazelle Conservation Park
- Umm Tais National Park
- Image 4
- Image 6Bihar is a state in East India. It is bounded by Uttar Pradesh to the west, Nepal to the north, West Bengal to the east and Jharkhand to the south. About 7% of the state is protected forest area. (Full article...)
- Image 7Illinois has a variety of protected areas, including 123 state protected areas - state parks, wildlife areas, recreation areas, nature reserves, and state forests. There are also federal and local level protected areas in the state. These levels interact to provide a variety of recreation opportunities and conservation schemes, sometimes in a small area. For instance, 1,500-acre (6.1 km2) Shabbona Lake State Park lies in DeKalb County which has its own 1,000-acre (4.0 km2) forest preserve system, while the City of DeKalb has a 700-acre (2.8 km2) park system.
A UNESCO World Heritage Site in Illinois, Cahokia, is protected as State-owned historic site. (Full article...) - Image 8
There are several types of protected areas of the Czech Republic. The main form of landscape protection is delimitation of special protected areas. All the types of protected areas are determined by law. (Full article...) - Image 9This is a list of protected areas of Romania.
About 5.18% of the area of Romania has a protected status (12,360 km²), including the Danube Delta, which makes half of these areas (2.43% of Romania's area). (Full article...) - Image 10
Total size of protected area of Bosnia and Herzegovina amounts of 57.83694 hectares (142.9182 acres), which is 1,13% of its entire territory. This is a list of areas protected by corresponding levels of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely at the entity's levels, and with various categorizations. (Full article...) - Image 11
- Image 12A National Biodiversity Conservation Area (NBCA) is an environmentally protected area in Laos. There are all together 21 different NBCAs in Laos, protecting 29,775 square kilometers. Another 10 NBCAs have been proposed, many of them being treated by authorities as though they were already officially protected. (Full article...)
- Image 13This list of protected areas of Myanmar includes national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and botanical gardens that were established since 1927. (Full article...)
- Image 14Protected areas of Tasmania consist of protected areas located within Tasmania and its immediate onshore waters, including Macquarie Island. It includes areas of crown land (public land) managed by Tasmanian Government agencies as well as private reserves. As of 2016, 52% of Tasmania's land area has some form of reservation classification, the majority is managed by the Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service (about 42% of total Tasmanian land area). Marine protected areas cover about 7.9% of state waters.
Within each classification of reserve there may be a variation of IUCN categories Australia is a signatory to the Convention of Biological Diversity and as such has obligations to report the status of its National Reserve System.IUCN provides on its website a prescription for activities consistent with the categorisation system. Changes made to the Nature Conservation Act 2002 in 2014 permit timber harvesting. These changes made in addition to the already established right to access minerals means that many of the IUCN categorisations assigned to individual reserves in Tasmania are no longer fit for purpose. In addition many reserves have had their reserve status downgraded from a class excluding timber harvesting and mineral extraction to ones where these activities are now permitted. This mis-application of the IUCN protected area categories needs to be remedied or the reserves protected land class under the Nature Conservation Act 2002 should be adjusted to reflect its currently assigned IUCN category. (Full article...) - Image 15The Protected areas of Portugal (Portuguese: Áreas protegidas de Portugal) are classified under a legal protection statute that allows for the adequate protection and maintenance of biodiversity, while providing services for ecosystem that maintains the natural and geological patrimony. (Full article...)
Selected world maps
Image 1United Nations Human Development Index map by country (2016)
Image 2Mollweide projection of the world
Image 31516 map of the world by Martin Waldseemüller
Image 4The world map by Gerardus Mercator (1569), the first map in the well-known Mercator projection
Image 5Only a few of the largest large igneous provinces appear (coloured dark purple) on this geological map, which depicts crustal geologic provinces as seen in seismic refraction data
Image 6Index map from the International Map of the World (1:1,000,000 scale)
Image 7A plate tectonics map with volcano locations indicated with red circles
Image 8Time zones of the world
Image 9The Goode homolosine projection is a pseudocylindrical, equal-area, composite map projection used for world maps.
World records
- List of Olympic records in athletics
- List of world records in athletics
- List of junior world records in athletics
- List of world records in masters athletics
- List of world youth bests in athletics
- List of IPC world records in athletics
- List of world records in canoeing
- List of world records in chess
- List of cycling records
- List of world records in track cycling
- List of world records in finswimming
- List of world records in juggling
- List of world records in rowing
- List of world records in speed skating
- List of world records in swimming
- List of IPC world records in swimming
- List of world records in Olympic weightlifting
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