Portal:Genocide

The Genocide Portal Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people, usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word γένος (genos, "race, people") with the Latin suffix -caedo ("act of killing"). In 1948, the United Nations Genocide Convention defined genocide as any of five "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such." These five acts were: killing members of the group, causing them serious bodily or mental harm, imposing living conditions intended to destroy the group, preventing births, and forcibly transferring children out of the group. Victims are targeted because of their real or perceived membership of a group, not randomly. The Political Instability Task Force estimated that 43 genocides occurred between 1956 and 2016, resulting in about 50 million deaths. The UNHCR estimated that a further 50 million had been displaced by such episodes of violence up to 2008. Genocide is widely considered to signify the epitome of human evil. As a label, it is contentious because it is moralizing, and has been used as a type of moral category since the late 1990s. (Full article...) Selected article The current premises of the International Criminal Court in The Hague, Netherlands. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression, although it cannot currently exercise its jurisdiction over the crime of aggression. The court can only prosecute crimes committed on or after July 1, 2002, the date its founding treaty, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, entered into force. As of April 2007, 104 states are members of the Court, and a further 41 countries have signed but not ratified the Rome Statute. However, a number of states, including the United States, China and India, continue to oppose it. The Court can generally only exercise jurisdiction in cases where the accused is a national of a state party, the alleged crime took place on the territory of a state party, or a situation is referred to the Court by the United Nations Security Council. The Court is designed to complement existing national judicial systems: it can only exercise its jurisdiction when national courts are unwilling or unable to investigate or prosecute such crimes. Primary responsibility to exercise jurisdiction over suspected criminals is therefore left to individual states. The official seat of the ICC is in The Hague, Netherlands, but its proceedings may take place anywhere. The Court is separate from, and should not be confused with, the International Court of Justice (often referred to as the “World Court”), which is the United Nations organ that settles disputes between nations. "International Criminal Court" is sometimes abbreviated as ICCt to distinguish it from several other organizations abbreviated as ICC. However, the more common abbreviation "ICC" is used in this article. Selected biography Israel W. Charny (born 1931 in Brooklyn, New York) is an Israeli psychologist and genocide scholar. He is the editor of two-volume Encyclopedia of Genocide, and executive director of the Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide in Jerusalem. (Full article...) Quote "We are living in a time of the trivialization of the word 'Holocaust,' What happened to the Jews cannot be compared with all the other crimes. Every Jew had a death sentence without a date." — Simon Wiesenthal, AP Interview, 1999 Related portals Law Religion Philosophy Politics Society War Selected images The bodies of the dead lie awaiting burial in a mass grave at the camp. (Bergen-Belsen concentration camp) Picture showing Armenians killed during the Armenian Genocide. Image taken from Ambassador Morgenthau's Story, written by Henry Morgenthau, Sr. and published in 1918. Rwandan refugee camp in Zaire. Bones of anti-Nazi German women still are in the crematoriums in the German concentration camp at Weimar (Buchenwald), Germany, taken by the 3rd U.S. Army. Prisoners of all nationalities were tortured and killed. 04/14/1945 Gas canisters and hair of Holocaust victims from a Nazi concentration camp. Emaciated corpses of children in Warsaw Ghetto. Original caption states: "Deep gashes delivered by the killers are visible in the skulls that fill one room at the Murambi School." Aftermath of Rwandan genocide. Mummified victims of the Rwandan Genocide (1994) at Murambi Technical School. Photograph taken in July 2001 by Emmanuel Cattier. "A relic of the Armenian massacres at Erzingan", image taken from US Ambassador Henry Morgenthau's memoirs (1918). Corpse of Soviet Famine victims transported to the cemetery. (Kherson) Did you know... ... that a 2019 book argues that the Armenian Genocide was part of a larger genocide which targeted all of the Christian minorities in the Ottoman Empire? ... that Turkish schoolchildren are taught that the Armenian Genocide never happened and instead, Armenians committed genocide against Turks? ... that the Bundestag apologized in 2016 for Imperial Germany's "inglorious role" in the Armenian Genocide? ... that Turkey threatened that Jewish lives would be put in danger if the 1982 International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide, which covered the Armenian Genocide, was not cancelled? ... that in Open Wounds, Vicken Cheterian argues that "by censoring the Armenian Genocide, its impact, traces and consequences do not simply disappear. It continues in various forms"? ... that in Denial of Violence, Fatma Müge Göçek argues that Armenian Genocide denial is one of the ideological foundations of the Turkish nation-state? Genocide lists International prosecution of genocide (ad hoc tribunals) It is commonly accepted that, at least since World War II, genocide has been illegal under customary international law as a peremptory norm, as well as under conventional international law. Acts of genocide are generally difficult to establish, for prosecution, since intent, demonstrating a chain of accountability, has to be established. International criminal courts and tribunals function primarily because the states involved are incapable or unwilling to prosecute crimes of this magnitude themselves. For more information see: Genocide: International prosecution of genocide (ad hoc tribunals) International prosecution of genocide (International Criminal Court) To date all international prosecutions for genocide have been brought in specially convened international tribunals. Since 2002, the International Criminal Court can exercise its jurisdiction if national courts are unwilling or unable to investigate or prosecute genocide, thus being a "court of last resort," leaving the primary responsibility to exercise jurisdiction over alleged criminals to individual states. Due to the United States concerns over the ICC, the United States prefers to continue to use specially convened international tribunals for such investigations and potential prosecutions. For more information see: Genocide: International prosecution of genocide (International Criminal Court) References Genocide topics Genocide Article Index Armenian Genocide Cambodian genocide Crimes against humanity Cultural genocide Ethnic cleansing Fondation Chirezi Gendercide Genocide Convention Genocide of indigenous peoples Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia Historical negationism Holodomor International Association of Genocide Scholars Minority Rights Group International Nazi eugenics Nonkilling Policide Rwandan genocide Srebrenica massacre The Holocaust Universal jurisdiction Völkerstrafgesetzbuch War crime War in Darfur Categories Select [►] to view subcategories Genocide Genocides People by genocide Genocide navigational boxes Cultural genocide Genocide education Genocidal massacres Genocidal rape Genocide denial Genocide prevention Genocide remembrance days Genocide studies Incitement to genocide International Criminal Court Genocide museums Genocide research and prevention organisations People convicted of genocide People indicted for genocide White genocide conspiracy theory Works about genocide Things you can do Here are some tasks awaiting attention: Collaborate : Update news section Maintain : Maintain portal Associated Wikimedia Web resources External links Voices of the Holocaust - a learning resource at the British Library Genocide Studies Program at Yale Institute for the Study of Genocide-International Association of Genocide Scholars International Network of Genocide Scholars (INoGS). 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