Austronesian language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia
Yamdena is an Austronesian language of Yamdena and surrounding islands in the Maluku Islands in Indonesia.
Phonology [ edit ]
Consonants [ edit ]
Stops /b, t/ can very rarely be realized as coarticulated sounds [ɡ͡b, k͡t] by some speakers.
/m/ can be heard as voiceless [m̥] in free variation when before initial voiceless stops, or after voiceless stops.
/ŋ/ is heard as labialized [ŋʷ] when occurring before liquids, or in word-final position.
/r/ can be heard as [ɺ] in free variation intervocalically, and as [ɾ] when before voiceless consonants.
/d, ⁿd/ when occurring before /i/ can also be heard as palatal stops [ɟ, ᶮɟ].
Vowels /a, o/ can be heard as [ə] within unstressed syllables.
/i/ can be heard as [ɪ] word-finally, after vowels.
/o/ can be heard as [ɔ] when before /r/.[2]
References [ edit ]
^ Yamdena at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Mettler, Heidi & Anton (1990). Yamdena phonology . Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures 8: Pattimura University. pp. 29–79. {{cite book }}
: CS1 maint: location (link )
* indicates proposed status ? indicates classification dispute † indicates extinct status
* indicates proposed status ? indicates classification dispute † indicates extinct status