infernus

Latin

Etymology

From īnferus (“low”) +‎ -nus (adjective-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /inˈfer.nus/, [ĩːˈfɛrnʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /inˈfer.nus/, [iɱˈfɛrnus]

Adjective

īnfernus (feminine īnferna, neuter īnfernum); first/second-declension adjective

1. of the lower regions
2. infernal, hellish

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	īnfernus	īnferna	īnfernum		īnfernī	īnfernae	īnferna
Genitive	īnfernī	īnfernae	īnfernī		īnfernōrum	īnfernārum	īnfernōrum
Dative	īnfernō		īnfernō		īnfernīs
Accusative	īnfernum	īnfernam	īnfernum		īnfernōs	īnfernās	īnferna
Ablative	īnfernō	īnfernā	īnfernō		īnfernīs
Vocative	īnferne	īnferna	īnfernum		īnfernī	īnfernae	īnferna

Descendants

• Catalan: infern
• Dalmatian: infiarn
• Istriot: infierno
• Italian: inferno
  • → Dutch: inferno
  • → English: inferno
  • → German: Inferno
  • → Italiot Greek: ινφιέρνο (infiérno)
  • → Norwegian: inferno
  • → Swedish: inferno
  • → Romanian: infern
• Old French: enfer, enfern
  • French: enfer
  • Norman: enfé
  • Walloon: infier
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: infiernu
• Old Occitan: enfern
  • Occitan: infèrn, in·hèrn
• Old Portuguese: inferno, iferno
  • Galician: inferno
  • Portuguese: inferno
• Old Spanish: infierno
  • Spanish: infierno
    • → Cebuano: impyerno
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: infiêr
  • Romansch: enfiern
• Sardinian: iferru, iférru, ifernu
• Sicilian: nfernu, infernu
  • → Maltese: infern
• → Albanian: ferr
• → Old Saxon: infern
• → Proto-Brythonic: *ifern
  • Old Breton: iffernn
    • Middle Breton: ifern, iffern, infern
      • Breton: ifern, Gwenedeg ihuern
  • Middle Welsh: uffern
    • Welsh: uffern
  • → Old Irish: ifernn
    • Irish: ifreann
    • Scottish Gaelic: ifrinn
    • Manx: niurin

Noun

īnfernus m (genitive īnfernī); second declension

1. the underworld, the netherworld
2. Hell

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	īnfernus	īnfernī
Genitive	īnfernī	īnfernōrum
Dative	īnfernō	īnfernīs
Accusative	īnfernum	īnfernōs
Ablative	īnfernō	īnfernīs
Vocative	īnferne	īnfernī

References

• “infernus”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• “infernus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• infernus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• infernus in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016