cell
English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English celle, selle, from Old English cell (attested in inflected forms), from Latin cella (“chamber, small room, compartment”), later reinforced by Old French cel, sele, Old French cele. Doublet of cella; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelneh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”).
Noun[edit]
cell (plural cells)
- A single-room dwelling for a hermit. [from 10th c.]
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, VI.6:
- So, taking them apart into his cell, / He to that point fit speaches gan to frame […].
- 1764, Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto, IV:
- For three days he and his attendants had wandered in the forest without seeing a human form: but on the evening of the third they came to a cell, in which they found a venerable hermit in the agonies of death.
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, VI.6:
- (now historical) A small monastery or nunnery dependent on a larger religious establishment. [from 11th c.]
- A small room in a monastery or nunnery accommodating one person. [from 14th c.]
- 2002, Jennifer Worth, Call the Midwife, Phoenix (2012), page 315:
- A nunʼs bedroom is properly called a cell and is small, bare, and plain, without comfort.
- Gregor Mendel must have spent a good amount of time outside of his cell.
- A room in a prison or jail for one or more inmates. [from 18th c.]
- Synonym: prison cell
- The combatants spent the night in separate cells.
- Each of the small hexagonal compartments in a honeycomb. [from 14th c.]
- (biology, now chiefly botany) Any of various chambers in a tissue or organism having specific functions. [from 14th c.]
- 1858, Asa Gray, Introduction to Structural and Systematic Botany, fifth edition, p. 282:
- Each of the two cells or lobes of the anther is marked with a lateral line or furrow, running from top to bottom […].
- 1858, Asa Gray, Introduction to Structural and Systematic Botany, fifth edition, p. 282:
- (entomology) The discal cell of the wing of a lepidopteran insect.
- (obsolete) Specifically, any of the supposed compartments of the brain, formerly thought to be the source of specific mental capacities, knowledge, or memories. [14th-19th c.]
- 1794, Mary Wollstonecraft, An Historical and Moral View of the Origin and Progress of the French Revolution:
- [W]e shall feel still more contempt for the order of men, who cultivated their faculties, only to enable them to consolidate their power, by leading the ignorant astray; making the learning they concentrated in their cells, a more polished instrument of oppression.
- 1890, Oscar Wilde, chapter XVI, in The Picture of Dorian Gray:
- From cell to cell of his brain crept the one thought; and the wild desire to live, most terrible of all man's appetites, quickened into force each trembling nerve and fibre.
- 1794, Mary Wollstonecraft, An Historical and Moral View of the Origin and Progress of the French Revolution:
- A section or compartment of a larger structure. [from 16th c.]
- (obsolete, chiefly literary) Any small dwelling; a remote nook, a den. [16th-19th c.]
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:
- Thou seest but the order and policie of this little Cell [transl. caveau] wherein thou art placed […].
- 1810, Walter Scott, Lady of the Lake, II:
- Not long shall honour'd Douglas dwell, / Like hunted stag, in mountain-cell […].
- A device which stores electrical power; used either singly or together in batteries; the basic unit of a battery. [from 19th c.]
- This MP3 player runs on 2 AAA cells.
- (biology) The basic unit of a living organism, consisting of a quantity of protoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, which is able to synthesize proteins and replicate itself. [from 19th c.]
- 1999, Paul Brown & Dave King, The Guardian, 15 Feb 1999:
- An American company has applied to experiment in Britain on Parkinson's disease sufferers by injecting their brains with cells from pigs.
- 2011, Terence Allen & Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford 2011, p. 3:
- In multicellular organisms, groups of cells form tissues and tissues come together to form organs.
- 1999, Paul Brown & Dave King, The Guardian, 15 Feb 1999:
- (meteorology) A small thunderstorm, caused by convection, that forms ahead of a storm front. [from 20th c.]
- There is a powerful storm cell headed our way.
- (computing) The minimal unit of a cellular automaton that can change state and has an associated behavior. [from 20th c.]
- The upper right cell always starts with the color green.
- (card games) In FreeCell-type games, a space where one card can be placed.
- A small group of people forming part of a larger organization, often an outlawed one. [from 20th c.]
- Those three fellows are the local cell of that organization.
- 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, OCLC 246633669, PC, scene: Salarians: Special Tasks Group Codex entry:
- Salarian intelligence field agents are grouped into an organization called the Special Tasks Group. STG operators work in independent cells, performing dangerous missions such as counter-terrorism, infiltration, reconnaissance, assassination, and sabotage.
- (communication) A short, fixed-length packet as in asynchronous transfer mode. [from 20th c.]
- Virtual Channel number 5 received 170 cells.
- (communication) A region of radio reception that is a part of a larger radio network.
- I get good reception in my home because it is near a cell tower.
- (geometry) A three-dimensional facet of a polytope.
- (statistics) The unit in a statistical array (a spreadsheet, for example) where a row and a column intersect.
- (architecture) The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof.
- (architecture) A cella.
- (entomology) An area of an insect wing bounded by veins
Usage notes[edit]
In the sense of an electrical device, "cell" is the technically correct name for a single unit of battery-type power storage, whereas a battery is a device comprising multiple of them, though it is often used for simple cells.
Quotations[edit]
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:cell.
Synonyms[edit]
- See also Thesaurus:cell
Derived terms[edit]
- battery cell
- blood cell
- brain cell
- cancer cell
- cellblock
- cellbound
- cell division
- cell house
- cell line
- cellmate
- cell membrane
- cell theory
- cell type
- dry cell
- fat cell
- fuel cell
- germ cell
- helper T cell
- host cell
- nerve cell
- photoconductive cell
- photoelectric cell
- photoemissive cell
- photovoltaic cell
- prison cell
- red blood cell
- red cell
- sickle cell
- skin cell
- solar cell
- stem cell
- T cell
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb[edit]
cell (third-person singular simple present cells, present participle celling, simple past and past participle celled)
- (transitive) To place or enclose in a cell.
- 1586, William Warner, Albion's England:
- Myself a recluse from the world, And celled under ground, Lest that the gould, the precious stones, And pleasures, here be found
Etymology 2[edit]
From cell phone, from cellular phone, from cellular + telephone
Noun[edit]
cell (plural cells)
- (US, informal) A cellular phone.
Usage notes[edit]
- Widely used attributively.
Translations[edit]
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Further reading[edit]
- “cell” in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- cell in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- cell at OneLook Dictionary Search
- Cell in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Clipping of cellulair or borrowed directly from English cell.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
cell m (plural cells, diminutive celltje n)
- (Suriname, colloquial) cellular phone, mobile phone.
- 2001, Alex van Stipriaan, “Contact! Marrons en de transport- en communicatierevolutie in het Surinaamse binnenland [Contact! Maroons and the transport and communication revolution in Suriname's hinterland]”, in OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis[1], page 41:
- Door de ‘cell’ is het mogelijk de banden met verwanten elders innig te houden of zelfs te herstellen.
- The mobile phone makes it possible to keep close ties with relatives elsewhere or even to restore them.
Derived terms[edit]
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Clipping of cellulaire.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
cell m (plural cells)
- (Quebec, colloquial) cellular phone, mobile phone; Abbreviation of téléphone cellulaire..
Synonyms[edit]
Old Irish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
cell f
Inflection[edit]
Feminine ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | cellL | ceillL, cillN | cellaH |
Vocative | cellL | ceillL, cillN | cellaH |
Accusative | ceillN, cillN | ceillL, cillN | cellaH |
Genitive | cilleH | cellL | cellN |
Dative | ceillL, cillN | cellaib | cellaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants[edit]
Mutation[edit]
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
cell | chell | cell pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References[edit]
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “cell”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Swedish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
audio (file)
Noun[edit]
cell c
- cell; a room in a prison.
- Cell; a room in a monastery for sleeping one person.
- Cell; a small group of people forming part of a larger organization.
- (biology) Cell; the basic unit of a living organism.
- (biology) Cell; a cavity in a structure such as a honeycomb.
- (computing) Cell; a minimal unit of a cellular automaton.
Declension[edit]
Declension of cell | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | cell | cellen | celler | cellerna |
Genitive | cells | cellens | cellers | cellernas |
Welsh[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Welsh kell, from Proto-Brythonic *kell, from Latin cella.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
cell f (plural celloedd)
Derived terms[edit]
- llyfrgell (“library”)
Mutation[edit]
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
cell | gell | nghell | chell |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Rhymes:English/ɛl
- English terms with homophones
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
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- en:Biology
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- fr:Mobile phones
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- cy:Prison