se
Translingual[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
se
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
se (plural ses)
Translations[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Abinomn[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
Afrikaans[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Dutch zijn, z'n (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s as well as, perhaps, the adjective suffix -s, -sch.
Pronunciation[edit]
Particle[edit]
se
- follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
- Dis my ouma se huis. — This is my grandmother’s house.
See also[edit]
Albanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kwe-, *kw(e)i- (“how, what”). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se
- that, as, when
- Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj. — It seems to me that you need some new friends.
- Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri. — My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.
Related terms[edit]
Bonan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Mongolic *usun.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
References[edit]
- Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu), Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan, SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA), November 1994
- Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os
Breton[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')
- himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
- oneself (direct or indirect object)
- themselves (direct or indirect object)
- each other (direct or indirect object)
Usage notes[edit]
- -se is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.
- The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.
Declension[edit]
Central Huasteca Nahuatl[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Numeral[edit]
se
- one (number).
Central Nahuatl[edit]
Numeral[edit]
se
- one.
Cimbrian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- ze (Sette Comuni)
Etymology[edit]
From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.
Pronoun[edit]
se
- (Luesrna) they
Inflection[edit]
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | iar |
3rd person | er, si, 'z | se |
References[edit]
- “se” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Coatepec Nahuatl[edit]
Numeral[edit]
se
- one.
Czech[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Czech sě, from Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (reflexive pronoun)
Declension[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Preposition[edit]
se (also s)
Further reading[edit]
- se in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- se in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Dalmatian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
Danish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Danish se, from Old Norse (East) *sēa, (Old Norse (West) sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, cognate with English see, German sehen, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)
- to see
- (reciprocal passive) to see each other
Conjugation[edit]
reciprocal
Dimasa[edit]
Numeral[edit]
sé
Esperanto[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin sī.
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (file)
Conjunction[edit]
se
Ewe[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
se (plural sewo)
Fala[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē.
Pronoun[edit]
se
- used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (equivalent to one)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
- Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
- We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.
- reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
- Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
- They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.
Synonyms[edit]
- (reflexive): -si
Faroese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)
- The name of the Latin-script letter C.
Declension[edit]
Declension of se | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | se | seið | se | seini |
accusative | se | seið | se | seini |
dative | se, sei | senum | seum | seunum |
genitive | ses | sesins | sea | seanna |
Fijian[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
Finnish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.
The oblique stem si- is seen in some forms and is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.
The stem sii- seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases *sissä, *sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (stem se-, also si-, and sii-, see below)
- (demonstrative) it
- (demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally)
- (colloquial and dialectal) he, she
- (colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)
Usage notes[edit]
- Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish it is ungrammatical, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
- (standard) Mies tuli luokseni. → (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.
- The man came to me.
- (standard) Luokseni tuli mies. → (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.
- A man came to me.
Determiner[edit]
se
- that (not pointed at by the speaker)
Inflection[edit]
Irregular.
Declension of se
|
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Kven: se
See also[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē. See also soi.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se m or f (pre-vocalic s')
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- (to) himself
- (to) herself
- (to) oneself
- (to) itself
- (to) themselves
- (to) each other
- (Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien. ― I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.
Usage notes[edit]
- Se becomes s' before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
- Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
- Il est normal de se parler. — It is normal to talk to oneself.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
See Template:French personal pronouns for other pronouns.
See also[edit]
- The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m', te, t', nous, vous.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.
Further reading[edit]
- “se”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams[edit]
Galician[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese se (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sī.
Conjunction[edit]
se
Etymology 2[edit]
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- accusative/dative of si
References[edit]
- “se” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2012.
- “se” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “se” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Garo[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun[edit]
se
German Low German[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- she
- Se is Anke. — She is Anke (Annie).
Pronoun[edit]
se
- they
- Se kaamt ut Bremen. — They come from Bremen.
- 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
- 5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an. 6 zu ihnen kamen.
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
See also[edit]
Haitian Creole[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Verb[edit]
se
Usage notes[edit]
- Use ye at the end of a clause.
- This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).
References[edit]
Hungarian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se (clitic)
- Alternative form of sem.
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- (not … either, not even): se in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
- ([folksy, informal] alternative form of sem): se, redirecting to sem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
Ido[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se
- if
- La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.
- Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.
Noun[edit]
se (plural se-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See also[edit]
- (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze (Category: io:Latin letter names)
Ingrian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Ala-Laukaa, Hevaha, Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈse/
- (Ylä-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʃe/ (phonemic spelling: še)
- Hyphenation: se
Pronoun[edit]
se
- this, that (not bound to a specific location)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 63:
- Linnuille höö siihe kagraa siputtiit.
- They sprinkled oats onto it for the birds.
Determiner[edit]
se
- this, that (not bound to a specific location)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:
- Peen tulo saatii siint pellost.
- A small income was received from this field.
Declension[edit]
Declension of se | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | se | neet |
genitive | senen | niijen |
accusative | sen | neet |
partitive | sitä | niitä |
illative | siihe | niihe |
inessive | siin | niis |
elative | siint | niist |
allative | sille | niille |
adessive | sil | niil |
ablative | silt | niilt |
translative | siks | niiks |
essive | senennä | niinnä |
Chernyavskij's declension of se | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | se | neet |
genitive | senen | niijjen |
partitive | sitä | niitä |
illative | siihe | niihe |
inessive | siin | niiz |
elative | siint | niist |
allative | sille | niille |
adessive | sill | niil |
ablative | silt | niilt |
translative | siks | niiks |
essive | sinä | niin |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) |
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Ingrian demonstratives | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
proximal | neutral | distal | |||||
singular | tämä (tää) | se | too | ||||
plural | nämät (näät) | neet | noo |
References[edit]
- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514
- Vitalij Chernyavskij (2005) Ižoran keel (Ittseopastaja)[3], page 16
- Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[4], →ISBN, pages 13-14
Interlingua[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (third person)
- Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
- Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
- Reciprocal: each other, one another.
- Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
- Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
- De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen.(Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
- Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
- espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")
Usage notes[edit]
- (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
Istriot[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se
- if
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
- Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
- Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys
- Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
Italian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Late Latin se, from Latin sī,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- Alternative form of si
Usage notes[edit]
Used when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also[edit]
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Etymology 3[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Adverb[edit]
se
Conjunction[edit]
se
- (archaic) Alternative form of così: if (only); even if
- se Dio ti lasci, lettor, prender frutto / di tua lezione ― even if God leaves you, reader, take fruit of your lesson (Dante)
Usage notes[edit]
- Used to express a conditional with the implicit hope on the part of the speaker that something does or does not happen. Always followed by the subjunctive.
References[edit]
- se in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
- ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
Japanese[edit]
Romanization[edit]
se
Kalasha[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronoun[edit]
se
Coordinate terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Karelian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
se
Pronoun[edit]
se
Declension[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 58
Kven[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
se
Pronoun[edit]
se
Declension[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
- (he, she): hän
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 278
Ladin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
- (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.
Lashi[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
se
- to know
- to be able to
References[edit]
- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[5], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
sē (accusative and ablative, no nominative)
- (reflexive) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
- Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest. ― A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.
- Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē? ― How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)
- In mare sē praecipitāvit. ― He drowned himself in the ocean.
- (reflexive) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun
Usage notes[edit]
- sēsē is very common as the emphatic form of the accusative pronoun, especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause.
Declension[edit]
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Ligurian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se
Livonian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronoun[edit]
se
Declension[edit]
Lower Sorbian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
- each other, one another
- used to form passives
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- Starosta, Manfred (1999), “se”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Luxembourgish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- unstressed form of si
Declension[edit]
See Template:lb-decl-personal pronouns for declension.
Malay[edit]
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : se | ||
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.
Pronunciation[edit]
Numeral[edit]
se (Jawi spelling س)
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Maltese[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Sometimes thought to have been inherited from Arabic سَ (sa), from سَوْفَ (sawfa). However, it is more likely that the similarity is entirely coincidental and that Maltese se(r) is merely a shortened form of sejjer.
Pronunciation[edit]
Particle[edit]
se
- Indicates a future tense.
Mandarin[edit]
Romanization[edit]
se
- Nonstandard spelling of sè.
Usage notes[edit]
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle Dutch[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- accusative of si (“they”)
Middle English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.
Adverb[edit]
se
Etymology 2[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
- Alternative form of see (“sea”)
Etymology 3[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
- Alternative form of see (“see”)
Etymology 4[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- Alternative form of sche
Middle French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French se, from Latin sē.
Pronoun[edit]
se
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
- to himself
- to herself
- to oneself
- to itself
- to themselves
- to each other
- ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)
Usage notes[edit]
- Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
- Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.
Descendants[edit]
- French: se
Middle Low German[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Stem vowel: ê⁴
Pronoun[edit]
sê
- (third person singular female nominative) she
- her (accusative of sê)
- (third person plural nominative) they
- them (accusative of sê)
Declension[edit]
See Template:gml-perpron for declension.
Descendants[edit]
Neapolitan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.
North Frisian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
se (present se, 2nd singular sjochst, 3rd singular sjocht, past saag, perfect sen)
Northern Kurdish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Iranian *cwā́.
Noun[edit]
Central Kurdish | سەگ (seg) |
---|
se ?
Norwegian Bokmål[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)
- to see (perceive with the eyes).
References[edit]
- “se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Old English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- þē – late nom. masc. sg. form
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation[edit]
Article[edit]
sē
- the
- sē mōna ― the moon
- sēo sunne ― the sun
- þæt seofonstierre ― the Pleiades
- þā steorran ― the stars
Determiner[edit]
sē
- that
- Sele mē þone hamer.
- Give me that hammer.
Pronoun[edit]
sē
- that
- Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.
- He went home, and after that I never saw him again.
- the one / that one
- Iċ eom sē þe cnocaþ.
- I am the one who knocks.
- Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.
- She's not the one you need to convince.
- Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?
- Are you reading this book right now or that one?
- Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?
- Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?
- (relative) that, who, what
- Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.
- Not everything that glitters is gold.
Declension[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
- The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" (sē previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
- Names of peoples, such as Engle (“the Angles”), Seaxan (“the Saxons”), and Crēcas (“the Greeks”). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
- All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
- A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely sǣ (“the sea”), wudu (“the woods”), and eorþe (“the ground”). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground and hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
- "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ fēle æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds and birds and human tears”).
- A couple abstract concepts, namely sōþ (“the truth”) and ǣ (“the law”). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
- Dryhten (“the Lord”).
- morgen (“the morning”) and ǣfen (“the evening”). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning and went downstairs”).
- The four seasons, lengten (“spring”), sumor (“summer”), hærfest (“fall”), and winter (“winter”). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm and in the winter it's cold”).
- forþġewitennes (“the past”), andweardnes (“the present”), and tōweardnes (“the future”). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
- forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
- þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
- Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
Descendants[edit]
Old French[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se m or f (invariable)
- himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
Descendants[edit]
- French: se
Etymology 2[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se
Descendants[edit]
- French: si
Old Frisian[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
Old Irish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
se
- Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels
Old Saxon[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation[edit]
Article[edit]
sē m (demonstrative)
- definite article: the
- sē māno ― the moon
- demonstrative adjective: that, those
- Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.
Declension[edit]
Ometepec Nahuatl[edit]
Adjective[edit]
se
- one.
Pennsylvania German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
Declension[edit]
Phalura[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- that (agr: rem fem / rem non-nom masc)
References[edit]
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[6], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- those (agr: rem)
References[edit]
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[7], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 3[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- it
- she (rem fem nom)
References[edit]
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 4[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- they (rem nom)
References[edit]
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Pilagá[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- I
- se-take ― I want
References[edit]
- 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages
Pipil[edit]
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sē Ordinal : achtu Adverbial : seujti Distributive : sejsē ika | ||
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Numeral[edit]
sē
- one
- Nikneki semaya se
- I want only one
Article[edit]
sē
- a, indefinite article
- Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
- We saw an owl in the trees
Pronoun[edit]
sē
- someone, something, indefinite pronoun
- Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati
- Someone came who said she/he knows you
- Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal
- One of you has to go to buy the food
- Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal
- My mom gave me something for you all
Polish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- (colloquial), (stressed) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.
- Synonym: sobie
- Daj se z tym spokój.
- Give it a break.
Further reading[edit]
- se in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- se in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): (South Brazil) /se/
- Homophones: si (Brazil), cê (South Brazil)
- Hyphenation: se
- Rhymes: -i, -ɨ
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē.
Pronoun[edit]
se m or f
- third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themself; themselves
- Ela se viu no espelho.
- She saw herself in the mirror.
- third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
- Quando eles se conheceram?
- When did they meet (each other)?
- second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
- E você se diz um professor!
- And you call yourself a teacher!
- forms the passive voice; be; get
- espantar ― to frighten
- espantar-se ― to get frightened (Literally, “to frighten oneself”)
- Da minha casa se vê o mar.
- The sea can be seen from my house. (Literally, "From my house oneself sees the sea.")
- impersonal reflexive pronoun; oneself
- Vive-se bem em Belém.
- One lives well in Belém. (Literally, *"∅ lives oneself well in Belém.")
Usage notes[edit]
- When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
- (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
- comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)
- arrepender-se ― to repent
- Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
- O professor acalmou os alunos.
- The teacher calmed the students down.
- O professor acalmou-se.
- The teacher calmed down.
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
See also[edit]
See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).
Alternative forms[edit]
- si (Brazil eye dialect)
Conjunction[edit]
se
- if (introduces a condition)
- 2009, Maria Gadú, Altar particular
- Se enfim, você um dia resolver mudar, tirar meu pobre coração do altar, me devolver como se deve ser.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
- Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!}}
- Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
- If you go out, take an umbrella.
- Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
- We will only begin if they pay us.
- Synonym: caso
- Antonyms: caso contrário, senão
- 2009, Maria Gadú, Altar particular
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
Related terms[edit]
Romansch[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb[edit]
se
Rwanda-Rundi[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *cé.
Noun[edit]
sé 1a (plural bāsé 2a)
Samoan[edit]
Article[edit]
se
- a (singular indefinite article)
See also[edit]
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronoun[edit]
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
- (by extension, impersonal) Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person where the impersonal subject does the verb unto itself
- Kako se zoveš? ― What's your name? (literally, “What do you call yourself?”)
- Kako se to kaže na španjolskom? ― How is that said in Spanish? / How do you say that in Spanish? (literally, “How does it say itself in Spanish?”)
- Ovdje se govori španjolski ― Spanish is spoken here (literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)
- Svjetska prvenstva se igraju ljeti. ― World Cups are played during the summer. (literally, “World Cups play themselves during the summer.”)
Declension[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *sь.
Particle[edit]
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- (obsolete) this is; here is
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- Here lies Viganj Milošević
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
Slovene[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
- ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)
Inflection[edit]
See Template:sl-decl-ppron for inflection.
Spanish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /se/, [se]
- Homophones: sé, ce (non-Castilian)
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se m or f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- Third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
- Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes
- ¿Cómo se llama? ― What is your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)
- Se dice que... ― It is said that... (literally, “It says itself that...”)
- Aquí se habla español ― Spanish is spoken here / They speak Spanish here. (literally, “One speaks Spanish here.”)
Usage notes[edit]
- (third person reflexive, also used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).
Alternative forms[edit]
- ge (archaic)
Pronoun[edit]
se m or f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- Used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las.
- El samaritano se las dio. ― The Samaritan gave them to him.
See also[edit]
See Appendix:Spanish pronouns for an overview of Spanish pronouns and Template:es-personal pronouns for a pronoun table.
Etymology 3[edit]
Verb[edit]
se (main verb saber)
- Misspelling of sé.
Further reading[edit]
- “se” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
Sranan Tongo[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
Swedish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. Final -g of the past tense form added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
se (present ser, preterite såg, supine sett, imperative se)
- to see; use one's sight
- 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
- Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandoned one!
- Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult
- Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
- Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
- to see; to understand
- to see, to visualize; to form a mental picture of
Conjugation[edit]
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | se | ses | ||
Supine | sett | setts | ||
Imperative | se | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | sen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | ser | såg | ses | sågs |
Ind. plural1 | se | sågo | ses | sågos |
Subjunctive2 | se | såge | ses | såges |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | seende | |||
Past participle | sedd | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Hypernyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Tarantino[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se (impersonal, reflexive)
Ternate[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
se (Jawi سي)
Usage notes[edit]
Se is only used when the referent is human. For non-human referents, toma is used instead.
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
se (Jawi سي)
- associative preposition: with
- ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoru ― I go to the market with my younger sibling
- instrumental preposition: with, by, using
- tabu se usipera ― fire the gun (literally, “to shoot with the gun”)
Usage notes[edit]
Generally, when se takes a human referent, it is associative, and when se takes a non-human referent, it is instrumental, although exceptions do exist.
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
se (Jawi سي)
- and
- tohida riyaya se ribaba ― I see my mother and my father
- forms compound numbers
- bobato nyagimoi se tofkange ― the (council of) eighteen bobatos (literally, “the ten and eight bobatos”)
References[edit]
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tocharian A[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).
Noun[edit]
se m
See also[edit]
Turkish[edit]
Noun[edit]
se
- The name of the Latin-script letter S.
Tuvaluan[edit]
Article[edit]
se (indefinite article)
Veps[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronoun[edit]
se
Inflection[edit]
See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
Determiner[edit]
se
- that (far)
Inflection[edit]
See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Volapük[edit]
Preposition[edit]
se
Welsh[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
se (not mutable)
- (colloquial) Contraction of basai.
West Frisian[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
se
- Alternative form of sy (“she”)
Pronoun[edit]
se
- Alternative form of sy (“they”)
Wutunhua[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
40 | ||
← 3 | 4 | 5 → |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: se Ordinal: di-se, xxewa |
Etymology 1[edit]
Numeral[edit]
se
Etymology 2[edit]
Verb[edit]
se
- to die
- rolang sho-de je da nga-n-de mula ren se-gu-la diando rolang qhe-lai-li sho-de gu-li.
- As for this thing called ro-langs [type of Tibetan zombie], it is said that if a person among us dies, there will appear a ro-langs instead.
References[edit]
- Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
- Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[10], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
Yoruba[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- hè (Ìkálẹ̀)
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
sè
- (transitive) to cook
- Ó se ọbẹ̀ ilá. ― He cooked okra soup.
- (transitive) to boil
- Mi ò mọ ẹyin ín sè. ― I don't know how to boil eggs.
Usage notes[edit]
- when to cook is intransitive use dáná
- (to boil): when refering to leafy vegetables or meat use bọ̀, when refering to water use hó.
Derived terms[edit]
- àsè (“banquet”)
- oúnjẹ sísè (“cooking”)
- sísè (“cooked, cooking”)
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
sé
- (transitive) to block
- Wọ́n sé fèrèsé náà. ― They blocked that window.
- (transitive) to miss
- Òkúta tí ó jù sé ihò. ― The rock she threw missed the hole.
Derived terms[edit]
Zazaki[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Adverb[edit]
se
Numeral[edit]
se
- Translingual lemmas
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