Kurmali language
| Kurmali | |
|---|---|
| Panchpargania | |
| কুড়মালি, কুর্মালী कुड़मालि, कुरमालि କୁଡ଼ମାଲି पंचपरगनिया, পঞ্চপরগনিয়া | |
 | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Assam, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal[1] |
| Ethnicity | Kudumi Mahato |
Native speakers | 556,089 (2011 census)[2] Census results conflate some speakers with Bengali, Odia and Hindi.[3][citation needed] |
| Devanagari, Bengali, Odia, Chisoi[4] | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  India
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:kyw – Kurmali/Kudmalitdb – Panchpargania |
| Glottolog | kudm1238 Kudmalipanc1246 Panchpargania |
 Kurmali-speaking region of India | |
Kurmali (Devanagari: कुड़मालि, Bengali: কুর্মালী, কুড়মালি, Odia: କୁଡ଼ମାଲି / କୁର୍ମାଲି, kur(a)mālī) is an Indo-Aryan language classified under Bihari group spoken in eastern India.[5] Kurmali is generally linked to the Kudumi Mahato (also known as Kurmi, Mahanta or Mohanta) community of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal. Kurmali is also spoken by the Kudumi people of Assam, and was brought to the tea gardens from Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal.[1] Intellectuals claim that Kurmali may be the nearest form of language used in Charyapada.[6] As a trade dialect, it is known as Panchpargania (Bengali: পঞ্চপরগনিয়া), for the "five districts" of the region it covers, or Tamaria.
Geographical distribution[edit]
Kurmali language is spoken in south-eastern Jharkhand in Seraikela Kharswan, East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum, Bokaro and Ranchi districts; northern Odisha in Mayurbhanj; and in western West Bengal in Purulia, Jhargram and Paschim Medinipur districts.
Alternate names[edit]
Names for the language include Bedia (from the Bedia caste), Dharua, Khotta, Pan Sawasi, Tanti, Tair, and Chik Baraik.[7]
Uses of Language[edit]
The language Kurmali (Kudmali) is spoken by 3,11,175 people as a native language in India,[8] mainly in West Bengal and Odisha. Historically, Kurmali language is native to Kudumi people but presently this language also used by Bagal, Dharua, Chik Baraik, Ghasi, Karga and Rautia community as first language.[9]
The language created an identity in festival like Bandna, Tusu, Karam and Jhumair. In which the songs are formatted in Kurmali.
Education[edit]
 |
There a some institution, whare Kurmali language as Higher education core subject.
- Ranchi University, Ranchi
- Kolhan University, Chaibasa
- Binod Bihari Mahto Koylanchal University,Dhanbad
- Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University,Ranchi
- Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University,Purulia
- Jhargram University
- Binoba Bhave University, Hazaribag
- Chitta Mahato Memorial College, Purulia
Trade language[edit]
Panchpargania is the common language for communication for Bundu, Tamar, Silli, Sonahatu, Arki & Angara blocks of Ranchi district of Jharkhand state.
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Kudmali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011" (PDF). www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ "Kurmali Thar" (PDF). lsi.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
- ^ "Proposal to Encode Chisoi in the Universal Character Set" (PDF). unicode.org. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
- ^ Alam, Qaiser Zoha (1996). Language and Literature: Divers Indian Experiences. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-7156-586-3.
- ^ Basu, Sajal (1994). Jharkhand movement: ethnicity and culture of silence – Sajal Basu – Google Books. ISBN 9788185952154. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- ^ "OLAC resources in and about the Kudmali language". www.language-archives.org. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ^ "ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011" (PDF). Census of India. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Saha, Atanu (28 July 2018). "Census and the Aspects of Growth and Development of Bangla vs. Bangla-Hindi Bilingualism-With Special Focus on West Bengal".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
Further reading[edit]
- SINGH (RETD), WG CDR GYANESHWAR (25 November 2020). Historical Perspective of Kurmali Language. Blue Rose Publishers.
- Ghosh, Tapati. "KURMALI THAR" (PDF). lsi.gov.in. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Majumder, Arup (5 June 2018). "Kurmali Kinship Terms and Its Morphology: An Anthropo-linguistic Study". 2: 38–48.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Paudyal, Netra P.; Peterson, John (1 September 2020). "How one language became four: the impact of different contact-scenarios between "Sadani" and the tribal languages of Jharkhand". Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics. 7 (2): 275–306. doi:10.1515/jsall-2021-2028. ISSN 2196-078X. S2CID 233732014.
