Rule of Rose

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Rule of Rose
RuleofRose.jpg
Developer(s)Punchline
Publisher(s)
Director(s)Shuji lshikawa
Producer(s)Noriyuki Boda
Writer(s)Tomo Ikeda
Hideki Okuma
Shuji Ichikawa
Composer(s)Yutaka Minobe
Platform(s)PlayStation 2
Release
  • JP: January 19, 2006
  • NA: September 12, 2006
  • EU: November 3, 2006
Genre(s)Survival horror
Mode(s)Single-player

Rule of Rose[a] is a survival horror video game developed by Punchline for the PlayStation 2. Set in England in 1930, the plot revolves around a nineteen-year-old woman named Jennifer, who becomes trapped in a world ruled by young girls who have established a class hierarchy called the Red Crayon Aristocrats. It was first released in 2006 by Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan. After Sony Computer Entertainment's American and European branch did not express interest in localizing the title, it was published later that year by Atlus USA in North America and by 505 Games in Europe.

Development on Rule of Rose began after Punchline was asked by Sony Computer Entertainment to make a horror game. Punchline wanted to develop a "new type of horror game" with an emphasis on psychological horror. This decision led to the concept of childhood, specifically the "mysterious and misunderstood" nature of young girls. The team drew inspiration from the classic Brothers Grimm fairy tales for the narrative, and the Silent Hill series for graphics and art style. The entire score was produced by studio musicians in order to bring a human element to the game's atmosphere.

Rule of Rose was the subject of a moral panic in Europe prior to its publication there, based on rumors of its alleged content. These rumors ranged from erotic themes and obscene brutality. Various European authorities condemned the game and called for its banning. The game was cancelled in the United Kingdom, despite the Video Standards Council calling the complaints "nonsense." Rule of Rose received mixed reviews from many publications; reactions to the story, music, and horror elements were almost universally positive, while the gameplay was panned. The game has been compared to Silent Hill and Haunting Ground, due to the psychological horror used throughout and because the main character is accompanied by a canine companion.[1][2]

Gameplay[edit]

The player character Jennifer and Brown find themselves surrounded by hostile imps.

Rule of Rose is a survival horror game in which the player guides Jennifer through exploring the game environments and advances the plot by accomplishing tasks while sporadically encountering enemies and bosses.[3]

Described as "essentially an interactive movie" by its director Shuji Ishikawa and associate producer Yuya Takayama, the narrative of Rule of Rose centers on the traumatic childhood memories of Jennifer, "an ordinary, vulnerable girl"; these memories sometimes manifest in exaggerated ways.[4]

Combat is almost exclusively melee-based, with a variety of improvised weapons available, such as kitchen knives and pipes. Jennifer is a timid character: her melee attacks are neither powerful nor long-ranged.[5] Evasion of enemies is often a more viable strategy instead of fighting. With the exception of a handful of bosses, all enemies in the game are imps—skinny, dolllike creatures the size of small children. Different animal-headed imps appear throughout the game, alongside regular imps.[6]

Every level of the game takes place over a month. Each chapter begins with the reading of a homemade storybook related to the plot of the chapter. During each level, Jennifer is tasked with finding a specific object that will be gifted to the Aristocracy.

Early in the game, Jennifer encounters and rescues a dog named Brown.[3] Brown accompanies her throughout the game and responds to the player's commands.[7] Brown can be ordered to track items by scent, be commanded to 'stay' and be called to Jennifer's side. Brown cannot attack enemies, but will growl to distract some imps and bosses, allowing Jennifer to retreat or attack without fear of retaliation.[8] He can be injured to the point of collapse, causing him to stop distracting enemies or track items.[3]

Brown's ability to locate items is an integral part of the game, and is used in every chapter to progress further.[5] The same system allows the player to find health restoratives and other items which, while not essential to complete the game, can help the player survive enemy encounters.[3] Players select an item from the inventory for Brown to locate, which is then connected to the 'find' command until changed or removed.[9] Every item selected this way can be used to find at least one type of item. When tracking items, Brown will lead the player through the game environments, scratching at doors in his way, signaling the player to open the door.[7] Most health restoratives and all tradable items are hidden and must be uncovered by Brown, though the player can choose to avoid searching for these items to progress quickly. Restorative items include snack foods, candy, and chocolate. The different types of restorative items heal varying amounts of health. Bones and other items can be used to restore Brown's health if he becomes injured. Other items such as marbles and ribbons have no immediate use, but may be traded with non-playable characters in order to obtain food, rare items, and weapons.[3]

Most levels are puzzle based. The primary puzzles require the use of Brown's scent-finding ability in order to find objects that are related to one another in order to solve a larger puzzle. Others require finding markings on the wall in order to solve the chapter's puzzle.

Plot[edit]

Rule of Rose is set in 1930 in the rural Cardington, Bedfordshire, England, a few years before World War II broke out. The game tells the story of a 19-year-old orphan named Jennifer as she relives her childhood memories as an adult. During a bus ride along a rural road during March, Jennifer is awakened by a mysterious boy who presents her with an unfinished, homemade storybook and asks her to read it. The boy runs off the bus before Jennifer can return the book to him, and Jennifer follows him to the Rose Garden Orphanage, located in a nearby forest. Jennifer discovers the Orphanage to be an abandoned and dilapidated building inhabited only by a mob of violent orphaned children who are seen beating a bloody sack with sticks.

Jennifer infiltrates and explores the orphanage, finding no sign of the orphans. The boy from the bus leads Jennifer to a room in the attic where he addresses her from atop an altar, and he requests that Jennifer finish reading the storybook he gave her. After Jennifer finishes reading, a voice over the loudspeaker announces that a funeral is about to begin. The boy informs Jennifer that the funeral is for her "dear friend" before disappearing again. Jennifer finds the funeral site and senses something important to her buried there. As she digs up the coffin, Jennifer discovers the bloody sack from earlier inside, but before she can open it the orphans of Rose Garden surround Jennifer. The voice on the loudspeaker announces that an airship will begin taking off soon, and the orphans force Jennifer into the coffin and lock her inside.

The coffin is then taken into an impossibly large, luxurious airship, and Jennifer wakes up tied to a pole in the bowels of ship. The boy who led Jennifer off the bus introduces himself to Jennifer as the Prince of The Red Rose. The Prince forces Jennifer to join the Red Rose Aristocracy, a class hierarchy, as the lowest ranked member. Every member of the Aristocracy has a title loosely based on royal hierarchies. All members are under the command of the Prince and Princess, and each member is allowed to command anyone ranked below them. Each member is also required to provide a specific monthly gift to the Prince and Princess or suffer death at the hands of a monster known as 'Stray Dog'. Jennifer spends several months finding various gifts for the club, but in trying to find gifts, Jennifer constantly finds herself at the center of conflict between other club members.

In April, Jennifer rescues a dog from being tortured by the Aristocrats and also befriends Wendy, who is the only high-ranking member of the Aristocracy to befriend her. However, Jennifer is unable to locate a beautiful enough butterfly for the monthly gift. Instead of being killed by Stray Dog, Jennifer is given a second chance. Another low-ranking club member, Amanda, is forced to rub a rat attached to a stick over Jennifer's face as punishment.

In May, when the pet rabbit Sir Peter goes missing, he becomes one of the monthly gifts. Amanda and Jennifer work together to find Peter, but Jennifer inadvertently takes credit for finding Peter. Jennifer is promoted to Amanda's position, while Amanda is demoted to Jennifer's previous position. Jennifer is then forced to rub the same rat from April, now dead and covered in maggots, on Amanda's face as her punishment. Sir Peter is then sacrificed to Stray Dog by the Aristocrats.

After the events of May, The Prince of The Red Rose appears before Jennifer atop his altar and offers Jennifer three homemade story books, each corresponding to the months of July, August and September respectively. The Prince asserts that the books will help Jennifer to remember her sins, and Jennifer is left to read the storybooks in any order she chooses.

During July, Jennifer is blamed for the death of the Countess Eleanor's pet bird while searching for the Bird of Happiness as the monthly gift. The true culprits were Megan and Diana, who also stole Elanor's clothing as part of a wider attempt to torment the unemotional Countess and get her to cry. Afterward, Jennifer remembers part of a promise she made to someone and writes it down; "Everlasting."

In August, Jennifer gets the Duchess Diana into trouble with the headmaster of the Orphanage after a pet koi fish is mutilated in an attempt to create an umarried mermaid. Jennifer remembers another part of her promise; "I am yours." Finally, in September, Jennifer is accused of destroying a love letter written by the Baroness Megan to the Duchess Diana, and is once again punished by being forced into a sack full of insects although it's revealed that Diana actually tore up Megan's letter herself after reading it. Jennifer remembers the final part of her promise and puts the phrases together; "Everlasting, true love, I am yours."

The game goes back to June, a month which it had previously skipped over. Jennifer wakes up alone in the Aristocrat's club room, and when she attempts to leave she is kidnapped by an unseen man. She awakens in a rose garden near the Orphanage with the strange man standing over her. She follows the man to his house and goes inside, where she discovers the man contemplating suicide. Jennifer is subsequently locked in the basement by the man. While in the basement, Jennifer finds a set of clothing similar to the Prince's and a stuffed bear, which Jennifer takes. Jennifer also discovers a series of letters between a boy called Joshua and Wendy, in which Wendy offers to help free Joshua from the basement. Wendy suddenly arrives at the basement window and releases Jennifer, and they escape back to the rose garden after stealing the strange man's gun to prevent him from committing suicide. In the garden, Wendy trades a rose-shaped brooch for Jennifer's bear, and Wendy names the bear Joshua.

Back in October, the club is urgently tasked with finding Joshua The Bear after it goes missing. The reward for finding the bear is a Red Crayon, an official invitation to the Aristocracy. Although Wendy is originally suspected of stealing the bear, Jennifer eventually discovers that Amanda was the thief. Jennifer takes the bear back from Amanda, but then the Prince steals the bear from her. After acquiring the bear from the Prince and returning it to the Aristocrats, Jennifer is finally promoted to being a mid-ranking member of the Red Crayon Aristocracy. After giving Jennifer a crayon, the Aristocrats disappear suddenly, and Jennifer is attacked and knocked out.

Jennifer wakes up once again tied to a post, and is now covered in red crayon markings. After escaping from the post, Jennifer discovers she's now back at the orphanage, where she is ignored and silently harassed by the other children and even the headmaster of the orphanage, despite now having a crayon. Wendy informs Jennifer of an important meeting between the Aristocrats, and shortly afterward both Wendy and Brown suddenly go missing. As Jennifer searches for her friend and dog, she finds out that she and Brown have become the gift of the month, as 'Filthy Jennifer' and 'Filthy Brown'. After following a blood trail, Jennifer finds a bloody sack in the Aristocrats' meeting room. Amanda informs Jennifer that her friend is in the bag, and Jennifer opens it to find Brown's corpse. Wendy then steps down from the altar and reveals that she is the Princess of the Red Rose. In retaliation for Brown's murder, Jennifer slaps Wendy and casts aside the rose brooch that Wendy had given her. Jennifer denounces the Aristocrats and claims to hate herself for being too cowardly to oppose them. Wendy then runs away crying, humiliated. [10]

The events of June were really Jennifer's warped childhood memories of being cared for by the farmer Gregory Wilson after she was orphaned in an airship crash. Gregory was kind to her although he believed she was his missing son Joshua. Gregory kept Jennifer locked in the basement, referred to her only as Joshua, cut her hair short and dressed her in his son's clothes. After Wendy discovered her through a window in the basement, Wendy began to exchange letters with Jennifer believing she was a boy. Although Wendy eventually discovered that 'Joshua' was really Jennifer, the two began a childish romantic relationship. Wendy eventually helped Jennifer escape, and after escaping they returned to the Rose Garden Orphanage together. Together, Jennifer and Wendy formed the Red Crayon Aristocrat Club, with Jennifer as the 'Prince' and Wendy as the 'Princess'. The grand airship was actually an elaborate fantasy played out by the orphans in order to escape from their poor living conditions at the orphanage. The two girls then made an oath: "Everlasting, true love, I am yours", and exchanged Jennifer's stuffed bear for Wendy's rose-shaped brooch. Wendy named the bear Joshua after Jennifer's former identity. [11]

After Jennifer's denouncement of the club, Wendy was deposed as the Princess after it was revealed that Stray Dog was a lie based loosely on Gregory Wilson and newspapers about a serial killer, created in order to keep the aristocracy in line. Wendy had run away from the orphanage, and had been seen living with Gregory Wilson in the meantime. Without a leader, the orphans began violently infighting, and the state of the orphanage has severely deteriorated. All of the orphan's caretakers had abandoned the orphanage due to the club's increasing violence, leaving the children to fend for themselves. The Aristocrats approach Jennifer in the hope that she would replace Wendy as their leader, but before Jennifer can decline the offer, the girls notice Wendy approaching the orphanage and leave to go turn her away.

Shortly afterward Jennifer hears screaming from outside, and when the screaming stops the front door of the Orphanage opens revealing The Prince leading a monster appearing to be Stray Dog. The Prince approaches Jennifer and reveals that he is actually Wendy, disguised as Joshua, Gregory's son. Wendy confesses to Jennifer that she had been jealous over Brown, who Jennifer had adopted shortly after arriving at the orphanage. Feeling that Jennifer had forgotten the promise they made to each other as Prince and Princess, Wendy demoted Jennifer from being the Prince and used the stuffed bear Joshua that Jennifer gave her as a surrogate for the Prince in the meantime. Wendy ordered the other Aristocrats to bully and ignore Jennifer in the hopes that she would remember her promise and beg to return to her side. When this didn't work and Jennifer remained at the bottom of the caste with Brown, Wendy ordered Brown to be killed.

Unknown to the orphans, while she was gone Wendy had been seeking revenge against the club. While Wendy was living with Gregory she disguised herself as his son Joshua, and mentally conditioned Gregory into becoming like Stray Dog. She then ordered him to kill all of the orphans. After confessing, Wendy then gives Jennifer Gregory's gun, and Gregory pulls Wendy back into the orphanage where she is killed as well. Gregory then returns to kill Jennifer, and in a moment of lucidity he asks 'Joshua' to give him back the gun, which Jennifer does. Gregory then shoots himself.[12]

Jennifer reawakens as a child, waking in the large empty orphanage and reflecting on the events and characters in a dreamlike state. Jennifer vows to remember the other children, especially because the media coverage of the children's deaths had diminished after it came to light that Jennifer had been the survivor of two horrific events. Finally, Jennifer leaves the orphanage and visits Brown in a shed. She puts a collar with his name around his neck, promising to protect him and her memories for eternity. Jennifer then closes the shed's door on Brown, symbolically locking his memory deep inside herself.[13]

Development[edit]

For inspiration, Punchline drew on the cruelty found in fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm and Edward Gorey.[14]

The company Punchline, which had previously developed the video game Chulip, developed Rule of Rose for the PlayStation 2.[2] A group of twenty-five developers, Punchline began the project after being asked by Sony Computer Entertainment to develop a horror video game; not wanting to create a game similar to the survival-horror series Resident Evil, Punchline decided on the goal of developing a "new type of horror game, one which wasn’t the usual zombie, ghost and slasher type," with an emphasis on psychological horror rather than "surprise- and shock-based horror."[2] A proposed early draft by Yoshiro Kimura was a dark fantasy "boy's story" that centered on a boy abducted by "a big man" and his attempts to escape, while encountering the ghosts of previous victims.[15] Keywords included "Kidnapping, imprisonment, children, bullying, dwarfs, airship, escape."[15] This concept was turned down by the publisher on the basis of being "too dangerous a topic," and Kimura turned to the idea of examining the "fear between girls."[15]

This decision led to the concept of "a game surrounding childhood and children," but from both viewpoints to show how children and adults can find the other one terrifying, with a primary focus on the adult's perspective.[2] Though the game has garnered comparisons with William Golding's 1954 allegorical novel Lord of the Flies,[16][17] the developers did not draw inspiration from it,[2] instead focusing on the "mysterious and misunderstood" nature of girls.[14] The story formed through trial and error as the developers figured out how to create a sense of fear, ultimately adding the children's secret society, the Red Crayon Aristocrats.[14] They also included Brown as a way to balance Jennifer's "helpless and unhappy" personality and make the game more enjoyable.[14] Because of budget and time problems, the combat system was left a little rough.[18]

Rule of Rose's graphics are heavily stylized, incorporating a series of visual filters similar to those used in the Silent Hill series.[6] The developers researched the behavior of children, monitoring a group of European and American children, and photographed references for "the game’s textures and models"; for the motion capture, the team had Japanese children act.[2] At the request of the developers, the group of children also expressed through drawings or written words what caused them to be happy or afraid.[2] The company Shirogumi worked on the computer-generated imagery present in Rule of Rose's cutscenes.[19] The musical score was composed by Yutaka Minobe, who also co-composed the music of Skies of Arcadia and some tracks from the Panzer Dragoon Orta soundtrack. The entire score was produced by studio musicians, including the Hiroshi Murayama Trio, and vocals by Kaori Kondo. According to the game's developers, the music was intended to bring a human element to the atmosphere in the game.[20] A 6-track promotional soundtrack CD was produced by Atlus, which was issued to customers from certain retailers when Rule of Rose was pre-ordered.[21]

Punchline included several themes in Rule of Rose,[20] with the primary one being "intimate relationships between all people".[2] A major theme in the game is the difference between a child's and an adult's way of thinking, and how children might treat adults if they were given power over them. Players are helpless to prevent their adult player character from being bullied by the children.[20] Another theme is how attachment "to one thing can bring out the worst in people."[18]

Controversy[edit]

Prior to its publication, Rule of Rose was the subject of a moral panic in Europe.[22] At E3 2006 Atlus announced that it would be releasing Rule of Rose in the United States,[23] following Sony's decision to pass on an American release, as the game "wasn’t really in sync with their corporate image" and the company had wanted the game to "be a bit tamer, if it were to have the Sony name in the U.S."[2] The developers disagreed with this, saying that "the theme is supposed to be one of intimate familiarity" and that they had intended to portray how children behave "without the filter of guilt or sin."[2] Rumors of violence towards children in the game tied into a larger discussion of morality and violence in video games appeared in the Italian magazine Panorama in November 2006, and were quickly picked up by the British media, which alleged that the game had scenes of "children buried alive underground, in-game sadomasochism, and underage eroticism."[22] These allegations were untrue.[22] At the time, Rule of Rose had already been rated by various video game advisory boards as suitable for an older teenage audience: in Japan, it was rated 15+; in the majority of Europe, 16+; and in North America, 17+.[22]

European Union justice minister Franco Frattini attacked the game as containing "obscene cruelty and brutality." He also called for changes to the PEGI rating system in place across Europe and for government officials to engage in discussions with industry representatives.[24] Frattini received a letter from Viviane Reding, commissioner for the information society and media, who criticized his actions: "It is...very unfortunate that my services were not pre-consulted before your letter to the Ministers of Interior was sent out," reminding him of the commission-backed self-regulating ratings system called PEGI that has operated across the European Union since 2003. The PEGI system of classification, according to Reding's letter, offers "informed adult choice" without censoring content: "This is in line with the Commission's view that measures taken to protect minors and human dignity must be carefully balanced with the fundamental right to freedom of expression as laid down in the Charter on Fundamental Rights of the European Union."[25] On March 7, 2007, a group of Member of the European Parliaments presented a Motion for a European Parliament resolution on a ban on the sale and distribution in Europe of the game and the creation of a 'European Observatory on childhood and minors'.[26] The game was further suggested to be banned for sale in France,[27] and to be kept from the public in Poland.[28] At this time, the game had not yet been released in Europe; the public officials suggesting that Rule of Rose be banned had not played the game, only having read about its alleged content or seen the trailer.[22]

505 Games' Australian distributor, Red-Ant, cancelled the game's Australian and New Zealand release,[29] and 505 Games later cancelled the United Kingdom release as a result of complaints by Frattini and other EU officials, and "largely misleading"[30] commentary from the British press, although review copies had already shipped to video game journalists.[31] It was released in the rest of Europe. The British body which had granted the title its 16+ PEGI rating (the Video Standards Council) responded to the press and Frattini's comments: "I have no idea where the suggestion of in-game sadomasochism has come from, nor children being buried underground. These are things that have been completely made up. [...] We’re not worried about our integrity being called into question, because Mr Frattini’s quotes are nonsense."[24] The Council further noted that "there isn’t any underage eroticism. And the most violent scene does indeed see one of the young girls scare Jennifer with a rat on a stick. But the rat’s actually quite placid towards her and even licks her face.”[24]

Reception[edit]

The game received mixed reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.[32] The reviewer for video game magazine Play wrote: "I think everyone should experience this game, especially horror fans, but in order to do so, you're going to have to suffer through times of sheer agony--just like poor, unlucky Jennifer."[45] According to Official UK PlayStation 2 Magazine, the game "[b]lends the stuff of nightmares with stylish sound and graphics. Sadly, the developer should have spent longer on the gameplay."[46] Edge found neither plot nor gameplay appealing: "It’s just a murky brew of meaningless, exploitative dysfunction filling an empty game, and it leaves a bitter taste."[33]

It is generally agreed that the title has an interesting plot, with The A.V. Club observing that "aside from a few deep curtsies and an unlockable Gothic Lolita costume, the characters are more sinister than sexualised".[44] However, the gameplay is widely lambasted as clumsy, archaic,[47] and unrewarding.[7][9] The press was generally divided upon how much the gameplay detracts from one's ability to enjoy the story itself. GamesRadar described Jennifer as "a cringing, passive non-entity" and stated: "There's no denying that Rule of Rose is extremely pretty, atmospheric and disturbing.... but as an adventure game, Rule of Rose just sort of wilts."[48] Acegamez, on the other hand, not only admired the game's plot but also found the gameplay appealing if slow, "a wonderful psychological thriller that will draw you in with its bizarrely compelling narrative, atmospheric presentation and thoughtful story-based gameplay".[8]

In a retrospective article on survival horror games, GamePro's Michael Cherdchupan listed Rule of Rose as one of the classics of the genre, writing that the game was a work of art that lingered long after playing through; he praised it for its delicate handling of its subject matter and Jennifer's journey as she processes her trauma.[49] IGN listed Rule of Rose as one of the worst horror games created after 2000. While enjoying the "refreshingly adult take on sexual awakening and repressed memories that's consistently unsettling without ever resorting to cheap shock tactics," it criticized the game's "totally broken" combat and "thoroughly excruciating" backtracking, controls, and camera angles.[50]

Because of the limited number of copies published, Rule of Rose has garnered a reputation as one of the more expensive video games to buy second-hand.[51]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Rule of Rose (Japanese: ルールオブローズ, Hepburn: Rūru obu Rōzu)

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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