Sindhi Hindus

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For demographics of Hindus in Sindh Province, see Hinduism in Sindh Province.

Sindhi Hindus
Total population
c. 7 million
Regions with significant populations
 Pakistan4,200,000[1][2]
 India2,800,000 [a][3][4]
Languages
Sindhi
Additionally Hindi and English
Religion
Om.svg Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Indo-Aryan peoples
Jhulelal, the Ishta Devta of the Sindhi Hindus.

Sindhi Hindus are Sindhis who follow the Hindu religion, whose origins lie in the Sindh region of modern-day Pakistan. After the Partition of India in 1947, many Sindhi Hindus were among those who fled Pakistan, which was predominantly Muslim, to India, in what was a wholesale exchange of Hindu and Muslim populations in some areas. Some later emigrated from the sub-continent and settled in other parts of the world.[5][6][7] The 2011 census listed 2.8 million speakers of Sindhi in India,[8] a number that does not include Sindhi Hindus who no longer speak the Sindhi language. The vast majority of Indian Sindhi Hindus belong to the Lohana caste which includes the sub-castes of Amil and Bhaiband.[9][10]

Hinduism in Sindh[edit]

Hinduism in the Sindh region, as in other areas of the Indian Subcontinent, is a native religion of Sindhi people, although in pre-Islamic Sindh, Buddhists were the majority in urban areas. After many unsuccessful raids in 712CE army of Umayyad Caliphate led by Muhammad Bin Qasim successfully invaded Sindh against the last Hindu king of Sindh Raja Dahir. Sindh came under control of Qasim after he defeated Raja Dahir and native religions like Hinduism and Buddhism started declining. In the reign of Delhi Sultanate, Hinduism and Buddhism declined very much in this area and became minority religion. Today there are more than 7 million Sindhi Hindus in the Sindh region.[11]

Partition of India[edit]

Main article: Sindhis in India

After the partition of India in 1947, an estimated half of Sindh's Hindus migrated to India, mainly forced by the religious-based persecution of the time. They settled primarily in neighbouring Kutch district of Gujarat, which bears linguistic and cultural similarities to Sindh, and the city of Bombay. As per Census of India 2011, there are around 2,772,264 Sindhi speakers living in India.[12] There are also sizable Sindhi Hindu communities elsewhere in the world, sometimes termed, the 'Sindhi diaspora'.

Family Names[edit]

Conventions[edit]

Most Sindhi Hindu family names are a modified form of a patronymic and typically end with the suffix "-ani", which is used to denote descent from a common male ancestor. One explanation states that the -ani suffix is a Sindhi variant of 'anshi', derived from the Sanskrit word 'ansh', which means 'descended from' (see: Devanshi). The first part of a Sindhi Hindu surname is usually derived from the name or location of an ancestor. In northern Sindh, surnames ending in 'ja' (meaning 'of') are also common. A person's surname would consist of the name of his or her native village, followed by 'ja'. The Sindhi Hindus generally add the suffix ‘-ani’ to the name of a great-grandfather and adopt the name as a family name.[13][14][self-published source][15]

Surnames[edit]

Caste Surnames[16]
Sindhi Amil Lohana Advani, Ahuja, Ajwani, Bathija, Bhambhani, Bhavnani, Bijlani, Chhablani, Chugani, Dadlani, Daryani, Dudani, Gidwani, Hingorani, Idnani, Issrani, Jagtiani, Jhangiani, Kandharani, Karnani, Kewalramani, Khubchandani, Kriplani, Lalwani, Mahtani, Makhija, Malkani, Manghirmalani. Manshani, Mansukhani, Mirchandani, Motwani, Mukhija, Panjwani, Punwani, Ramchandani, Rijhsanghani, Sadarangani, Shahani, Shivdasani, Sipahimalani, Sippy, Sitlani, Takthani, Thadani, Vaswani, Wadhwani and Uttamsinghani
Sindhi Bhaiband Lohana Aishani, Agahni, Anandani, Aneja, Ambwani, Asija, Bablani, Bajaj, Bhagwani, Bhaglani, Bhojwani, Bhagnani, Balani, Baharwani, Biyani, Bodhani,Chhabria, Channa, Chothani, Dalwani, Damani, Dhingria, Dolani, Dudeja, Gangwani, Ganglani, Gulrajani, Hotwani, Harwani, Jamtani, Jobanputra, Juneja, Jumani, Kateja, Kodwani, Khabrani, Khanchandani, Khushalani, Lakhani, Lanjwani, Longan, Lachhwani, Ludhwani, Lulia, Lokwani, Manghnani, Mamtani, Mirani, Mirwani, Mohinani, Mulchandani, Nihalani, Nankani, Nathani, Phull, Qaimkhani, Ratlani, Rajpal, Rustamani, Ruprela, Sambhavani, Santdasani, Soneji, Sethia, Sewani, Tejwani, Tilokani, Tirthani, Wassan, Vangani, Vishnani, Visrani, Virwani and Valbani

Notable Sindhi Hindus[edit]

Main article: List of Sindhi people

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Includes speakers of Sindhi; ethnic Sindhis who no longer speak the language not included.

References[edit]

  1. ^ https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/sailent_feature_%20census_2017.pdf
  2. ^ "Hindu Population (PK) – Pakistan Hindu Council".
  3. ^ Data on Language and Mother Tongue. "Census of India 2011" (PDF). p. 7.
  4. ^ "Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength – 2011" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 29 June 2018.
  5. ^ Rita Kothari, Burden of Refuge: Sindh, Gujarat, Partition, Orient Blackswan
  6. ^ Nil (4 June 2012). "Who orchestrated the exodus of Sindhi Hindus after Partition?". tribune.com.pk. The Express Tribune. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  7. ^ Nandita bhavnani (2014). The making of exile: sindhi hindus and the partition of india. ISBN 978-93-84030-33-9. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  8. ^ Data on Language and Mother Tongue. "Census of India 2011" (PDF). p. 7.
  9. ^ Ramey, S. (27 October 2008). Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond. Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-61622-6.
  10. ^ Schaflechner, Jürgen (2018). Hinglaj Devi: Identity, Change, and Solidification at a Hindu Temple in Pakistan. Oxford University Press. pp. 71–75.
  11. ^ "Hindus of Pakistan reject CAA, do not want Indian Prime Minister Modi's offer of citizenship". Gulf News. 18 December 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  12. ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA 2011" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Govt of India. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  13. ^ "Sindhishaan - Whats in Name".
  14. ^ "Sindhi Surnames".
  15. ^ Sakhrani, Tarun (4 January 2016). "The Sindhis of Sindh And Beyond". Huffington Post. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  16. ^ U.T Thakur (1959). Sindhi Culture.

Sources[edit]

  • Bherumal Mahirchand Advani, "Amilan-jo-Ahwal" - published in Sindhi, 1919
  • Amilan-jo-Ahwal (1919) - translated into English in 2016 ("A History of the Amils") at sindhis
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