Kheer Bhawani

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Kheer Bhawani
Khir, Ksheer, Kshir Bhawani, Ragnya Devi temple, Tulmul temple
DBSQN5qUQAAD zY.jpg
The Goddess in an atmalinga form (see Linga) at Kheer Bhawani
Religion
AffiliationHinduism
DeityRagnya Devi
FestivalMela Kheer Bhawani, Jyeshtha Ashtami
Location
LocationTulmul, Ganderbal
CountryIndia
Kheer Bhawani is located in Jammu and Kashmir
Kheer Bhawani
Shown within Jammu and Kashmir
Kheer Bhawani is located in India
Kheer Bhawani
Kheer Bhawani (India)
Geographic coordinates34°13′16″N 74°43′48″E / 34.22111°N 74.73000°E / 34.22111; 74.73000Coordinates: 34°13′16″N 74°43′48″E / 34.22111°N 74.73000°E / 34.22111; 74.73000
Elevation1,592 m (5,223 ft)

Kheer Bhawani, Ksheer Bhawani or the Ragnya Devi temple[a] is a Hindu temple situated at a distance of 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-east of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, in the village of Tulmul[b] in Ganderbal. It is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Kheer Bhavani constructed over a sacred spring.[6][7] As is the custom with Hindu deities, the goddess has many names including Ragyna or Rajna[c], along with variations in honorifics such as devi, mata or bhagavati.[8][9] The term kheer refers to a milk and rice pudding that is offered to propitiate the goddess. Kheer Bhawani is sometimes translated as 'Milk Goddess'. The worship of Kheer Bhawani is universal among the Hindus of Kashmir, most of them who worship her as their protective patron deity Kuladevi.[10]

The sacred spring here has its own attached superstition. An eponymously named mela is held annually here.[11] It is one of the largest gatherings of Hindus in the region following the Amarnath pilgrimage.[12] Maharaja Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir and Maharaja Hari Singh contributed to building and renovating the temple.[13][4][better source needed] There are other temples to Kheer Bhawani in the region, such as Mata Kheer Bhawani Temple at Tikker, Kupwara, which has been renovated by the Indian Army.[14]

Part of a series on
Hinduism
1 Om.svg
Origins
Traditions
Major traditions
Deities
Other major Devas / Devis
Vedic:
Post-Vedic:
Concepts
Worldview
Ontology
God
Mokṣa-related topics:
Mind
Ethics
Practices
Worship, sacrifice, and charity
Meditation
Philosophical schools
Other schools
Gurus, sants, philosophers
Modern
Texts
Divisions
Rigveda:
Yajurveda:
Samaveda:
Atharvaveda:
Society
Four varnas:
Varna-less:
Varna-related topics:
Other society-related topics:
Other topics
Hindu culture
Hinduism and other religions
Devotee at the Temple

Temple description[edit]

The temple is one of the most important temples for Kashmiri Hindus in Kashmir. The resident deity, Kheer Bhawani, is a favourite in this region. A septagonal[clarification needed] spring at the temple is situated around the goddess. The holy spring is known to change its colour with various hues of red, pink, orange, green, blue, and white. A black shade of the spring water is believed to be inauspicious.[6] Most of the colours do not have any particular significance. In 1886, Walter Lawrence, the-then British settlement commissioner for land, during his visit to the spring, reported the water of the spring to have a violet tinge.[10] The current form of the spring, temple pond, and temple were built under Maharaja Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir in the 1910s.[13][4] Maharaja Hari Singh further renovated the temple.[13] The temple area has old-growth chinar trees beneath which the pilgrims sit or sleep on mats of grass.

Kheer Bhawani mela[edit]

The Kheer Bhawani mela or festival sees the annual congregation of Kashmiri Hindus, and other pilgrims and tourists. The mela is during Jyeshtha Ashtami, also spelt as 'Zyeshta Astami'.[15][3][16]

History, contextual folklore and associated legends[edit]

Sri Lanka to Tulmul[edit]

According to legend, Ragyna was pleased with the devotion of Ravana and appeared before him. Subsequently, Ravana got an image of the Goddess installed in Sri Lanka. However, the Goddess became displeased with Ravana's ruthlessness. With the help of Hanuman, she came to Tulmul.[8] That night is called Ragnya Ratri.[8]

Though Ragyna is a form or rupa of Durga, this one is a vaishnav form. Ragyna, also known as Tripurasundari, while in Lanka, was called Shayama. Ragniya is a Sattavie form of the goddess, i.e. the form of tranquility and bliss.[17]

Rajatarangini and other texts[edit]

The mention of Kheer Bhawani is found in Kalhana's Rajtarangini. Kalhana writes that the sacred spring of Tula Mula is situated in a marshy ground. Thousands of years ago, floods inundated the spring and temple. Kashmir's Yogi Krishna Pandit Taploo of Bohri Kadal, Srinagar had a dream in which the Goddess appeared to him and directed him to the location of the holy spring.[18][19] It is also mentioned in the Bhrigu Samhita.[8]

Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak in his book Aini-Akbari mentions the area of Tula Mula extending over a region of hundred bighas (unit of land area) of land, which used to sink in the marshy lands during the summer season.[4][failed verification]

Swami Vivekananda's experience[edit]

Swami Vivekananda visited Kashmir. During this stay, while ritually worshiping Khir Bhavani, the condition of the temple concerned him. In The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, the goddess tells Vivekananda, "It is My desire that I should live in a dilapidated temple, otherwise, can I not immediately erect a seven - storied temple of gold here if I like? What can you do? Shall I protect you or shall you protect me!"[20][21] Swami Rama Tirtha also visited here to have the darshan of the place.[22]

Parimoo's and Gopinath Bhan[edit]

Pandit Prasad Joo Parimoo, a Kashmiri pandit, was a respected saint. His peers would call him Jada Bharata, who was a legendary saint of Puranas times. He used to live in Sekidafer area of Srinagar. He was married but didn't have any children so he is said to have finally adopted a son. He would regularly meditate at this holy spring and during one such occasion, while being in a meditative trance (samadhi), he is said to have had a vision of Mata Kheer Bhawani. The goddess reprimanded him for his hasty decision of going for an adoption when she was herself desirous of taking birth in his family as his daughter. Nonetheless, she is said to have blessed him with the boon and eventually Pandit Prasad Joo Parimoo's wife did give birth to a daughter. In the course of time the daughter married a pandit and gave birth to a son in 1898 who came to be known as Bhagwan Gopinath.[1][verification needed]

References[edit]

Notes
  1. ^ Also spelt as Khir Bhawani, Kshir Bhawani. Also referred to as the Tula Mula shrine or mandir,[1][2] the Ragnya Devi temple.[3] and Mata Kheer Bhawani Temple (where mata is an honorific).[2] The spring has been referred to as a Kund which translates to pond or temple tank.
  2. ^ Also spelt Tul Mul,[4] Tulmula,[2] Tulamulla,[3] Tulmulla,[3] Tulla Mulla,[5] Tullamula, and Tullamulla. Some people are of the opinion that there was a mulberry tree near holy spot of Kheer Bhawani which, in local language, is called tul mul. But tul mul is also derived from the Sanskrit word atulya mulya meaning great value.[4]
  3. ^ Maharagya Devi, Ragnya Devi, Rajni, Ragini, Ragniya, Ragnya Bhagwati, Maharagya, Maharagnya Bhagwati where 'devi', 'mata', maha, and 'bhagwati' are honorifics
Citations
  1. ^ a b Dhar, T N. (2004), "Jagad Guru Bhagavaan Gopi Nath Ji- A Saint Apart", Saints and Sages of Kashmir, New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation, p. 310, Chapter-28, ISBN 81-7648-576-4
  2. ^ a b c "Zyeth Atham 2018: Why Jyeshtha Ashtami is important for Kashmiri Pandits". Zee News. 20 June 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d Majid, Zulfikar (18 June 2021). "Annual 'Kheer Bhawani Mela' observed in Kashmir amid Covid-19". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 9 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ a b c d e Wakhlu, Somnath (30 December 2021). Kashmir: Tul Mul. The Holy Shrine of Kheer Bhawani. Text reproduced from: The Rich Heritage of Jammu and Kashmir Studies in Art, Architecture, History and Culture of the Region By Prof. Somnath Wakhlu. ISBN 9788121205702. Retrieved 20 July 2015 – via Kashmir Pandit Network (ikashmir.net).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ Jameel, Yusuf (21 June 2018). "Thousands of Kashmiri Pandits converge at Kheer Bhawani". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  6. ^ a b Saqi, Pt. Moti Lal (June 2001), "Tul-Mul", Three Shrines of Khir Bhawani - Tul-Mul, Mani Gam and Raithan from Kosher Encyclopaedia-Vol. 1 & 2 Cultural Academy, vol. 1, translated by Bhat, R.L., Kashmir Herald
  7. ^ Chauhan, Abha (2021). Understanding Culture and Society in India: A Study of Sufis, Saints and Deities in Jammu Region. Springer Nature. pp. xxv. ISBN 978-981-16-1598-6.
  8. ^ a b c d Pandita, Sanjay (18 June 2021). "Tul Mula: Abode of Goddess Mata Ragyina". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 8 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ Dhar, Triloki Nath (1 January 2006). Kashmiri Pandit Community: A Profile. Mittal Publications. p. 102. ISBN 978-81-8324-177-9.
  10. ^ a b Lawrence, Walter Roper (1895). The Valley of Kashmir. pp. 296, 297.
  11. ^ Raina, Irfan (18 June 2021). "Mela Kheer Bhawani today". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 30 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ Hussain, Ashiq (30 May 2020). "After Kashmiri Pandits heartwarming wishes on Eid, Muslims reciprocate on Kheer Bhawani". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 30 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ a b c "Kheer Bhawani Temple in Kashmir". www.jktdc.co.in. Jammu and Kashmir Tourism Development Corporation. Retrieved 9 January 2022. Maharaja Pratap Singh built this temple in 1912, which was later renovated by Maharaja Hari Singh.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ Wani, Ashraf (18 December 2021). "Temple of Mata Kheer Bhawani renovated by Army on Minority Rights Day in J&K's Kupwara". India Today. Retrieved 30 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ Ashiq, Peerzada (18 June 2021). "Kashmiri Pandits celebrate Valley's Kheer Bhawani temple festival". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  16. ^ Chatterjee, Debjani, ed. (18 June 2021). "PM Modi Wishes People On Jyeshtha Ashtami". NDTV. Retrieved 9 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ^ "Kashmir: Religious Practices. Ksheer Bhawani Temple at Tula Mula". ikashmir.net. Kashmiri Pandit Network. Retrieved 30 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  18. ^ "Full text of "Rajatarangini of Kalhana - English - Jogesh Chunder Dutt Volumes 1 & 2"". archive.org. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  19. ^ "Nirvan Divas of Pt Krishan Joo Taploo observed". Daily Excelsior. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ Vivekananda, Swami. The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda – via WikiSource.
  21. ^ Chaturvedi, Anshul (28 June 2021). Vivekananda Handbook for Everyday Living. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-93-89611-38-0.
  22. ^ Pandit, Rakesh Kumar. "Swami Vivekananda in Kashmir". www.scoopnews.in. Retrieved 20 July 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kheer_Bhawani&oldid=1068833247"