I’ve also changed the title tag.
Now it looks like that:

add_filter('crp_list_link','modify_output', 10, 3);

function modify_output( $output, $result, $args ) {
	
	$link = get_permalink( $result->ID );
	
	$post_format = get_post_format( $result->ID );
	if (!$post_format) $post_format = 'standard';
	
	$output          = '';
	$title           = crp_title( $args, $result );
	$link            = crp_permalink( $args, $result );
	$link_attributes = crp_link_attributes( $args );

	$output .= '<a href="' . $link . '" ' . $link_attributes . ' class="crp_link format-' . $post_format . ' ' . $result->post_type . '-' . $result->ID . '">';

	if ( 'after' === $args['post_thumb_op'] ) {
		$output .= '<h3 class="crp_title">' . $title . '</h3>'; // Add title when required by settings.
	}

	if ( 'inline' === $args['post_thumb_op'] || 'after' === $args['post_thumb_op'] || 'thumbs_only' === $args['post_thumb_op'] ) {
		$output .= '<figure>';
		$output .= crp_get_the_post_thumbnail(
			array(
				'postid'             => $result,
				'thumb_height'       => $args['thumb_height'],
				'thumb_width'        => $args['thumb_width'],
				'thumb_meta'         => $args['thumb_meta'],
				'thumb_html'         => $args['thumb_html'],
				'thumb_default'      => $args['thumb_default'],
				'thumb_default_show' => $args['thumb_default_show'],
				'scan_images'        => $args['scan_images'],
				'class'              => 'crp_thumb',
			)
		);
		$output .= '</figure>';
	}

	if ( 'inline' === $args['post_thumb_op'] || 'text_only' === $args['post_thumb_op'] ) {
		$output .= '<h3 class="crp_title">' . $title . '</h3>'; // Add title when required by settings.
	}

	$output .= '</a>';
	
	return $output;
}

Better approach maybe?

It’s good idea, definitely, however, I’ll stick with the whole function. It allows me to fix another issue.
I don’t use placeholder image, then when post hasn’t got featured image, function prints empty <figure></figure> tag.

Condition:
if ( 'inline' === $args['post_thumb_op'] || 'after' === $args['post_thumb_op'] || 'thumbs_only' === $args['post_thumb_op'] )
replaced to:
if ( has_post_thumbnail( $result->ID ) )