List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania
(Redirected from List of Oceanian countries)
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Exclusive economic zones of Oceania and neighboring areas
This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in the geographical region of Oceania. Although it is mostly ocean and spans many tectonic plates, Oceania is occasionally listed as one of the continents.
Most of this list follows the boundaries of geopolitical Oceania, which includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia.[1]
Boundaries of Oceania[edit]
The boundary between Southeast Asia and Oceania is not clearly defined. For political reasons, the United Nations considers the boundary between the two regions to be the Indonesian–Papua New Guinean border.[2] Papua New Guinea is occasionally considered Asian as it neighbours Indonesia,[3] but this is rare, and it is generally accepted to be part of Oceania. Biogeographically and geologically, Papua and West Papua provinces are parts of Oceania.
Likewise, there is also no clearly defined boundary between the Americas and Oceania; the mostly uninhabited oceanic eastern Pacific islands near the Americas have been considered by some as part of Oceania, both historically and in present-day times.[4][5][6][7][8] Nearly all these islands have become politically associated with the Americas, but none lie on the respective tectonic plates of those continents, nor were any inhabited by Indigenous peoples of the Americas during the pre-Columbian era.[9] Some share strong biogeographical affinities to geopolitical Oceania.[10] The Malay Archipelago has historically been associated with Oceania,[11][7][12][6] however, virtually no present-day definitions include it as part of Oceania.[13][14] The Malay Archipelago lies on the continental shelf of Asia; Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (both adjacent to the Malay Archipelago) lie on the Australian tectonic plate, and are not politically associated with Asia. The Bonin Islands, which have been politically integrated into Japan, lie on the Pacific tectonic plate, and are biogeographically within Micronesia.
Sovereign states[edit]
United Nations member states[edit]
This section includes all sovereign states located predominantly in Oceania that are member states of the United Nations.[15] All 14 states are full members of the Pacific Islands Forum.[16]
| Flag | Coat of Arms / National Emblem | Map | English short and formal names [17][18][19] |
Domestic short and formal names[17][18] | Capital [19][20][21] |
Population [22] |
Area [23] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|
.svg)
|
Australia[note 1] Commonwealth of Australia |
English: Australia — Commonwealth of Australia | Canberra | 23,268,319 | 7,741,220 km2 (2,988,902 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Federated States of Micronesia | English: Federated States of Micronesia | Palikir | 106,487 | 702 km2 (271 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Fiji Republic of Fiji |
English: Fiji — Republic of Fiji Fijian: Viti — Matanitu ko Viti Fiji Hindi फीजी/Fiji - रिपब्लिक ऑफ फीजी/ Ripablik ăph Phījī |
Suva | 896,445 | 18,274 km2 (7,056 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Kiribati Republic of Kiribati |
English: Kiribati — Republic of Kiribati Gilbertese: Kiribati — Ribaberiki Kiribati |
South Tarawa
Bairiki |
101,998 | 811 km2 (313 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Marshall Islands Republic of the Marshall Islands |
English: Marshall Islands — Republic of the Marshall Islands Marshallese: Aelōn̄ in M̧ajeļ - Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ |
Majuro | 68,480 | 181 km2 (70 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Nauru Republic of Nauru |
English: Nauru — Republic of Nauru Nauruan: Naoero - Repubrikin Naoero |
No official Capital
Government offices are in Yaren |
9,378 | 21 km2 (8 sq mi) |
 |
|
.svg)
|
New Zealand[note 2] | English: New Zealand Māori: Aotearoa |
Wellington | 4,570,038 | 267,710 km2 (103,363 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Palau Republic of Palau |
English: Palau — Republic of Palau Palauan: Belau — Beluu er a Belau |
Ngerulmud | 21,032 | 459 km2 (177 sq mi) |
 |
|
.svg)
|
Papua New Guinea Independent State of Papua New Guinea |
English: Papua New Guinea — Independent State of Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini — Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini |
Port Moresby | 6,310,129 | 462,840 km2 (178,704 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Samoa Independent State of Samoa |
English: Samoa — Independent State of Samoa Samoan: Samoa — Malo Sa‘oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa |
Apia | 194,320 | 2,831 km2 (1,093 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Solomon Islands | English: Solomon Islands | Honiara | 584,578 | 28,896 km2 (11,157 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Tonga Kingdom of Tonga |
English: Tonga — Kingdom of Tonga Tongan: Tonga — Pule'anga Tonga |
Nukuʻalofa | 106,146 | 747 km2 (288 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Tuvalu | English: Tuvalu Tuvaluan: Tuvalu |
Funafuti | 10,619 | 26 km2 (10 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Vanuatu Republic of Vanuatu |
Bislama: Vanuatu — Ripablik blong Vanuatu English: Vanuatu — Republic of Vanuatu French: Vanuatu — République de Vanuatu |
Port Vila | 256,155 | 12,189 km2 (4,706 sq mi) |
Non-United Nations member states[edit]
Two states, the Cook Islands and Niue, are in free association with New Zealand. While maintaining a close constitutional and political relationship with New Zealand, both states are members of several United Nations specialized agencies with full treaty-making capacity, and have independently engaged in diplomatic relations with sovereign states under their own name. Both are also full members of the Pacific Islands Forum. Because of these features, they are sometimes considered to have de facto status as sovereign states.[24]
| Flag | Coat of Arms / National Emblem | Map | English short and formal names[17] | Status | Domestic short and formal names | Capital | Population | Area[23] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|
|
Cook Islands[19] | Self-governing in free association with New Zealand. It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship, but is independent in its internal affairs. | English: Cook Islands Cook Islands Māori: Kūki 'Āirani |
Avarua[19][20] | 11,124[22] | 236 km2 (91 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Niue[19] | Self-governing in free association with New Zealand. It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship, but is independent in its internal affairs. | English: Niue Niuean: Niuē |
Alofi[19][20] | 1,311[22] | 260 km2 (100 sq mi) |
Non-sovereign territories[edit]
The following are entities considered to be within Oceania and that are either:
1. Federal territories of sovereign states located outside these states' mainland.
2. Territories that constitute integral parts of sovereign states in some form other than a federal relationship, where a significant part of the sovereign state's landmass is located outside Oceania or the territory is located outside the sovereign state's mainland. Many of these territories are often described as dependencies or autonomous areas.
3. Dependent territories of sovereign states.
Two of these territories (French Polynesia and New Caledonia) are associate members of the Pacific Islands Forum, while five others (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Tokelau, and Wallis and Futuna) hold observer status within the organization.
| Flag | Coat of Arms / National Emblem | Map | English short and formal names[17] | Status | Domestic short and formal names | Capital | Population | Area[23] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|
|
American Samoa Territory of American Samoa[19] |
Unincorporated territory of the United States | English: American Samoa — Territory of American Samoa Samoan: Amerika Sāmoa |
Pago Pago[19][20] | 67,242[22] | 199 km2 (77 sq mi) |
.svg) |
|
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands |
External territory of Australia | English: Ashmore and Cartier Islands | None | Uninhabited | 5 km2 (2 sq mi) | |
 |
|
Baker Island | Unincorporated territory of the United States | English: Baker Island[25] | None | Uninhabited[25] | 129.1 km2 (49.8 sq mi) | |
 |
_with_borders.svg)
|
Christmas Island | Territory of Australia | English: Christmas Island – Territory of Christmas Island | Flying Fish Cove[19] / The Settlement[20] | 1,843[26] | 135 km2 (52 sq mi) | |
 |
|
Clipperton Island | Overseas state private property | French: Île de Clipperton | None | Uninhabited | 6 km2 (2 sq mi) | |
 |
_Islands_on_the_globe_(Southeast_Asia_centered).svg)
|
Cocos (Keeling) Islands | Territory of Australia | English: Cocos (Keeling) Islands – Territory of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands | West Island[20] / Bantam[19] | 544[26] | 14 km2 (5 sq mi) | |
|
|
Coral Sea Islands Coral Sea Islands Territory |
External territory of Australia | English: Coral Sea Islands — Coral Sea Islands Territory | None | Uninhabited | 3 km2 (1 sq mi) | |
 |
|
|
Easter Island | Special territory of Chile | Spanish: Isla de Pascua Rapa Nui: Rapa Nui |
Hanga Roa | 6,148[27] | 163.6 km2 (63 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
French Polynesia Overseas Country of French Polynesia[19] |
Overseas country of France | French: Polynésie française — Pays d'outre-mer de la Polynésie française[17] | Papeete[19][20] | 294,935[22] | 4,167 km2 (1,609 sq mi) |
 |
Galápagos Islands | Special territory of Ecuador | Spanish: Islas Galápagos | Puerto Baquerizo Moreno | 35,000 | 7,880 km2 (3,042 sq mi) | ||
 |
|
|
Guam Territory of Guam |
Unincorporated territory of the United States | English: Guam — Territory of Guam Chamorro: Guahan[17] |
Hagåtña / Agaña[19][20] | 183,286[28] | 544 km2 (210 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Hawaii State of Hawaii |
State of the United States | English: Hawaii — State of Hawaii Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi — Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi |
Honolulu | 1,404,054[22] | 28,311 km2 (10,931 sq mi) |
|
|
Howland Island | Unincorporated territory of the United States | English: Howland Island[25] | None | Uninhabited[25] | 138.6 km2 (53.5 sq mi) | |
|
|
Jarvis Island | Unincorporated territory of the United States | English: Jarvis Island[25] | None | Uninhabited[25] | 152 km2 (59 sq mi) | |
|
|
Johnston Atoll | Unincorporated territory of the United States | English: Johnston Atoll[25] | None | Uninhabited[25] | 276.6 km2 (106.8 sq mi) | |
 |
 |
|
Juan Fernández Islands | Special territory of Chile[29] | Spanish: Archipiélago Juan Fernández | San Juan Bautista | 900 | 99.06 km2 (38.25 sq mi) |
|
|
Kingman Reef | Unincorporated territory of the United States | English: Kingman Reef[25] | None | Uninhabited[25] | 1,958.01 km2 (755.99 sq mi) | |
|
|
Midway Atoll | Unincorporated territory of the United States | English: Midway Islands[25] | None | Uninhabited[25] | 2,355.2 km2 (909.3 sq mi) | |
 |
|
|
New Caledonia Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies |
Overseas sui generis collectivity of France[19] | French: Nouvelle-Calédonie — Territoire des Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances[17] | Nouméa[19][20] | 256,275[22] | 18,575 km2 (7,172 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Norfolk Island Territory of Norfolk Island[19] |
External territory of Australia | English: Norfolk Island — Territory of Norfolk Island Norfuk: Teratri of Norf'k Ailen |
Kingston[19][20] | 2,169[22] | 36 km2 (14 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands[19] |
Unincorporated territory and commonwealth of the United States | English: Northern Mariana Islands — Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Chamorro: Sankattan Siha Na Islas Mariånas Carolinian: Téél Falúw kka Efáng Ilól Marianas |
Saipan[19][20] | 46,050[22] | 464 km2 (179 sq mi) |
 |
 |
|
Ogasawara Village | Part of Ogasawara Village in Tokyo, Japan | Bonin Islands: Japanese: 小笠原群島 (Ogasawara Guntō) Marcus Island: Japanese: 南鳥島 (Minamitori Shima) Parece Vela Reef: Japanese: 沖ノ鳥島 (Okinotori Shima) Rosario Island: Japanese: 西之島 (Nishino Shima) Volcano Islands: Japanese: 火山列島 (Kazan Rettō) |
Ōmura (大村) | 2,871[30] | 104.35 km2 (40 sq mi)[30] |
|
|
Palmyra Atoll[17] | Incorporated territory of the United States | English: Palmyra Atoll[25] | None | Uninhabited[25] | 12 km2 (5 sq mi) | |
 |
 |
|
Papua Papua Province |
Province of Indonesia | Indonesian: Papua | Jayapura | 3,486,432[22] | 319,036.05 km2 (123,181 sq mi) |
 |
|
.svg)
|
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Group of Islands |
British overseas territory | English: Pitcairn Islands — Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands Pitkern: Pitkern Ailen |
Adamstown[19][20] | 48[22] | 47 km2 (18 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Tokelau[19] | Dependent territory of New Zealand | Tokelauan: Tokelau English: Tokelau |
Each Atoll has its own administrative centre.[19][20] | 1,384[22] | 12 km2 (5 sq mi) |
|
.svg)
|
|
Wake Island | Unincorporated territory of the United States | English: Wake Island[25] | None | Uninhabited[25] | 6.5 km2 (2.5 sq mi) |
 |
|
|
Wallis and Futuna Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands |
Overseas collectivity of France | French: Wallis et Futuna — Territoire des Iles Wallis et Futuna[17] | Mata-Utu[19][20] | 15,398[22] | 142 km2 (55 sq mi) |
.svg) |
 |
|
West Papua West Papua Province |
Province of Indonesia | Indonesian: Papua Barat | Manokwari | 760,855[22] | 140,375.62 km2 (54,199 sq mi) |
See also[edit]
[edit]
- List of Oceanian countries by GDP (PPP)
- List of Oceanian countries by population
- List of predecessors of sovereign states in Oceania
- List of sovereign states in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index
Island countries[edit]
- List of Caribbean island countries by population
- List of island countries
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Indian Ocean
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia
Notes[edit]
- ^ Australia has two external territory in the Antarctic, the Heard Island and McDonald Islands and the claimed Australian Antarctic Territory.
- ^ New Zealand has five island groups in the Subantarctic. New Zealand claims territory in the Antarctic as the Ross Dependency.
References[edit]
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2003-08-20. Retrieved 2010-08-30.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-07-24. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Frank Barton, Thomas (1978). "Papua New Guinea: Tenth country of Southeast Asia?". Journal of Geography. 77 (7): 269–272. doi:10.1080/00221347808980139. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
- ^ Review of the Protected Areas System in Oceania (PDF). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 1986. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
Easter Island on the east has been included on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart. The other islands of the eastern Pacific (Galapagos, Juan Fernandez, etc.) have sometimes been included in Oceania.
- ^ Todd, Ian (1974). Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama. Angus & Robertson. p. 190. ISBN 9780207127618. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
[we] can further define the word culture to mean language. Thus we have the French language part of Oceania, the Spanish part and the Japanese part. The Japanese culture groups of Oceania are the Bonin Islands, the Marcus Islands and the Volcano Islands. These three clusters, lying south and south-east of Japan, are inhabited either by Japanese or by people who have now completely fused with the Japanese race. Therefore they will not be taken into account in the proposed comparison of the policies of non - Oceanic cultures towards Oceanic peoples. On the eastern side of the Pacific are a number of Spanish language culture groups of islands. Two of them, the Galapagos and Easter Island, have been dealt with as separate chapters in this volume. Only one of the dozen or so Spanish culture island groups of Oceania has an Oceanic population — the Polynesians of Easter Island. The rest are either uninhabited or have a Spanish - Latin - American population consisting of people who migrated from the mainland. Therefore, the comparisons which follow refer almost exclusively to the English and French language cultures.
- ^ a b Chambers's New Handy Volume American Encyclopædia: Volume 9. The University of Virginia. 1885. p. 657. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
the whole region has sometimes been called Oceania, and sometimes Australasia—generally, however, in modern times, to the exclusion of the islands in the Indian archipelago, to which certain writers have given the name of Malaysia [...] we have the three geographical divisions of Malaysia, Australasia and Polynesia, the last mentioned of which embraces all the groups and single islands not included under the other two. Accepting this arrangement, still the limits between Australasia and Polynesia have not been very accurately defined; indeed, scarcely any two geographers appear to be quite agreed upon the subject; neither shall we pretend to decide in the matter. The following list, however, comprises all the principal groups and single island not previously named as coming under the division of Australasia: 1. North of the equator—The Ladrone or Marian islands. the Pelew islands, the Caroline islands, the Radack and Ralick chains, the Sandwich islands, Gilbert's or Kingstnill's archipelago. and the Galapagos. 2. South of the equator—The Ellice group, the Phoenix and Union groups. the Fiji islands, the Friendly islands, the Navigator's islands. Cook's or Harvey islands, the Society islands. the Dangerous archipelago, the Marquesas islands, Pitcairn island, and Easter island.
- ^ a b Brown, Robert (1876). "Oceania: General Characteristics". The countries of the world. Oxford University. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ "Oceania Military Guide". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ^ Flett, Iona; Haberle, Simon (2008). "East of Easter: Traces of human impact in the far-eastern Pacific" (PDF). In Clark, Geoffrey; Leach, Foss; O'Connor, Sue (eds.). Islands of Inquiry. ANU Press. pp. 281–300. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.593.8988. hdl:1885/38139. ISBN 978-1-921313-89-9. JSTOR j.ctt24h8gp.20.
- ^ Udvardy, Miklos D.F. "A Classification of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ Parley, Peter (1866). Tales about Europe, Asia, Africa, America, & Oceania. Oxford University. p. 2. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
Oceania consists of Australasia, Polynesia and Malaysia. Australasia means South Asia. It comprises New Holland or Australia, Van Diemen's Land or Tasmania, Papua or New Guinea, Norfolk Island, New Zealand and some smaller islands. Polynesia is the term given to the various islands in the Pacific Ocean, which, as you may see on the map, are situated to the eastward of Australia, including the Philippine Islands. Malaysia is the name given to the islands of the Malay Archipelago, which are principally inhabited by the Malay race, comprising Borneo, the Sunday Isles, Celebes, Moluccas [...]
- ^ Cornell, Sophia S. (1859). Cornell's First Steps in Geography. The University of Michigan. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
- ^ Henderson, John William (1971). Area Handbook for Oceania. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 5. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
- ^ "Oceania | Definition, Population, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com.
- ^ "United Nations Member States". United Nations. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
- ^ "Member Countries". Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Field Listing :: Names". CIA. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ a b "UNGEGN List of Country Names" (PDF). United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. 2007. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "List of countries, territories and currencies". Europa. 9 August 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Field Listing :: Capital". CIA. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
- ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names". United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. 29 July 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Country Comparison :: Population". CIA. July 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
- ^ a b c "Field Listing :: Area". CIA. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
- ^ http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/7589/thesis.pdf?sequence=3[bare URL PDF]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "How are U.S. states, territories, and commonwealths designated in the Geographic Names Information System?". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ a b Australian Government – Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. "2016 Census: Christmas Island" (PDF). Retrieved 10 January 2018.
- ^ "COMUNAS: ACTUALIZACIÓN POBLACIÓN 2002-2012 Y PROYECCIONES 2013-2020". National Statistics Institute (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ "Guam". CIA. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
- ^ "Weekly Analysis: Chile's Pacific Presence. | 36th Parallel Assessments (NZ)".
- ^ a b 管内概要｜小笠原支庁 Archived 2017-07-24 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese).
| Sovereign states |
|  | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependencies and other territories |
| ||||||||||