List of British monarchs
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 | It has been suggested that List of British monarchs by longevity be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2020. |
| Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom | |
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| There are two versions of the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. The common version is on the left, while the Scottish version is on the right. In the shield of the common version, England is represented in the first and fourth quarters, Scotland is represented in the second quarter, and Northern Ireland is represented in the third quarter. In the shield of the Scottish version, the Royal Arms of England and the Royal Arms of Scotland are exchanged.[1] |
There have been 12 British monarchs since the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707. England and Scotland had been in personal union since 24 March 1603. On 1 January 1801, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merged, which resulted in the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. After 26 of Ireland's 32 counties left the union on 6 December 1922, in order to form the Irish Free State, the name of the nation was amended to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on 12 April 1927.
List[edit]
Queen Anne had ruled the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Scotland, and the Kingdom of Ireland since 8 March 1702. She became monarch of the Kingdom of Great Britain after the political union of England and Scotland on 1 May 1707. Her total reign lasted for 12 years and 146 days. Queen Anne and King George I were second cousins as both were great-grandchildren of James I and VI. For a family tree that shows George I's relationship to Anne, see George I of Great Britain § Family tree.| Name Reign |
Portrait | Arms | Birth Date, location, parents |
Marriage(s) | Death | House | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anne Anne Stuart 1 May 1707[a] – 1 August 1714 (7 years, 93 days) |
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6 February 1665 St James's Palace Daughter of James II and VII and Anne Hyde |
George of Denmark St James's Palace 28 July 1683 5 children |
1 August 1714 Kensington Palace Age: 49 years, 176 days |
Stuart | [2] |
| George I George Louis 1 August 1714[b] – 11 June 1727 (12 years, 315 days) |
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.svg)
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28 May 1660 Leineschloss Son of Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Sophia of Hanover |
Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle 21 November 1682 2 children |
11 June 1727 Osnabrück Age: 67 years, 14 days |
Hanover | [3] |
| George II George Augustus 11 June 1727[c][i] – 25 October 1760 (33 years, 126 days) |
|
30 October 1683 Herrenhausen Palace Son of George I and Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle |
Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach Herrenhausen Gardens 22 August 1705 8 children |
25 October 1760 Kensington Palace Age: 76 years, 350 days |
[4] | ||
| George III George William Frederick 25 October 1760[d] – 29 January 1820 (59 years, 97 days) |
|
until 1801 |
4 June 1738 Norfolk House Son of Prince Frederick and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha |
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz St James's Palace 8 September 1761 15 children |
29 January 1820 Windsor Castle Age: 81 years, 228 days |
[5] | |
.svg) 1801–1816 | |||||||
.svg) from 1816 | |||||||
| George IV George Augustus Frederick 29 January 1820[e] – 26 June 1830 (10 years, 149 days) |
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12 August 1762 St James's Palace Son of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |
(1) Maria Fitzherbert Park Lane 15 September 1785 No verified children (2) Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel St James's Palace 8 April 1795 1 daughter |
26 June 1830 Windsor Castle Age: 67 years, 318 days |
[6] | |
| William IV William Henry 26 June 1830[f] – 20 June 1837 (6 years, 360 days) |
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21 August 1765 Buckingham Palace Son of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen Kew Palace 13 July 1818 2 daughters |
20 June 1837 Windsor Castle Age: 71 years, 303 days |
[7] | ||
| Victoria Alexandrina Victoria 20 June 1837[g] – 22 January 1901 (63 years, 217 days) |
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24 May 1819 Kensington Palace Daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld |
Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha St James's Palace 10 February 1840 9 children |
22 January 1901 Osborne House Age: 81 years, 243 days |
[8] | |
| Edward VII Albert Edward 22 January 1901[h] – 6 May 1910 (9 years, 105 days) |
_Luke_Fildes.jpg)
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9 November 1841 Buckingham Palace Son of Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha |
Alexandra of Denmark St George's Chapel 10 March 1863 6 children |
6 May 1910 Buckingham Palace Age: 68 years, 178 days |
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | [9] | |
| George V George Frederick Ernest Albert 6 May 1910[i] – 20 January 1936 (25 years, 260 days) |
|
3 June 1865 Marlborough House Son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark |
Mary of Teck St James's Palace 6 July 1893 6 children |
20 January 1936 Sandringham House Age: 70 years, 231 days |
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1865–1917) Windsor (1917–1936)[ii] |
[11] | |
| Edward VIII Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David 20 January 1936[j] – Abdicated 11 December 1936 (327 days) |
|
23 June 1894 White Lodge Son of George V and Mary of Teck |
Wallis Simpson Château de Candé 3 June 1937 No children |
28 May 1972 Neuilly-sur-Seine Age: 77 years, 340 days |
Windsor | [12] | |
| George VI Albert Frederick Arthur George 11 December 1936[k] – 6 February 1952 (15 years, 58 days) |
|
14 December 1895 Sandringham House Son of George V and Mary of Teck |
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Westminster Abbey 26 April 1923 2 daughters |
6 February 1952 Sandringham House Age: 56 years, 54 days |
[13] | ||
| Elizabeth II Elizabeth Alexandra Mary 6 February 1952[l] – Present 69 years, 235 days |
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21 April 1926 Mayfair Daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon |
Philip Mountbatten Westminster Abbey 20 November 1947 4 children |
Living Age: 95 years, 161 days[iii] |
[14] |
Timeline[edit]
See also[edit]
- British monarchs' family tree
- Succession to the British throne
- Alternative successions of the English crown
- Demise of the Crown
- Mnemonic verse of monarchs in England
- Monarchy of the United Kingdom
- List of British royal consorts
- List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign
- List of British monarchs by longevity
- List of monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death
- Lists of monarchs in the British Isles
Notes[edit]
- ^ Dates of start of reign and coronation given in Old Style calendar; date of death in New Style. (Duration of reign takes this into account.)
- ^ King George V changed the name of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the House of Windsor on 17 July 1917.[10] This change was made in response to anti-German sentiment in the British Empire during World War I.
- ^ Updated daily according to UTC
Coronations
- ^ Queen Anne was crowned 23 April 1702 when she was monarch of the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Scotland, and the Kingdom of Ireland.
- ^ King George I was crowned 20 October 1714.
- ^ King George II was crowned 11 October 1727 with Queen Caroline.
- ^ King George III was crowned 22 September 1761 with Queen Charlotte.
- ^ King George IV was crowned 19 July 1821.
- ^ King William IV was crowned 8 September 1831 with Queen Adelaide.
- ^ Queen Victoria was crowned 28 June 1838.
- ^ King Edward VII was crowned 9 August 1902 with Queen Alexandra.
- ^ King George V was crowned 22 May 1911 with Queen Mary.
- ^ King Edward VIII was not crowned.
- ^ King George VI was crowned 12 May 1937 with Queen Elizabeth.
- ^ Queen Elizabeth II was crowned 2 June 1953.
References[edit]
- ^ "Coats of arms". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ "Anne (r. 1702–1714)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ^ "George I (r. 1714–1727)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ "George II (r. 1727–1760)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ "George III (r. 1760–1820)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ "King George IV (r. 1820–1830)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ "William IV (r. 1830–1837)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ "Victoria ( r. 1837–1901)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ "Edward VII (r.1901–1910)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ "No. 30186". The London Gazette. 17 July 1917. p. 7119.
- ^ "George V (r. 1910–1936)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ "Edward VIII (Jan–Dec 1936)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
- ^ "George VI (r.1936–1952)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ "Her Majesty The Queen". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
External links[edit]
- "British Royal Family History – Kings and Queens". britroyals.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
For the monarchs before 1707, see List of English monarchs and List of Scottish monarchs. | ||
| House of Stuart | | |
| House of Hanover | ||
| House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | ||
| House of Windsor | ||