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 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Ukrainian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Ukrainian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet represents Ukrainian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-uk}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Ukrainian contrasts palatalized "soft" and unpalatalized "hard" consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript ⟨j⟩, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, like in the [j] sound in yes.
See Ukrainian phonology for more details on the sounds of Ukrainian.
| Consonants | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hard | Soft | ||||||
| IPA | Examples | English approximations | IPA | Examples | English approximations | ||
| b | бог[1] |  [bɔɦ]
|
boot | N/A | |||
| d | дим[1] | [dɪm]
|
do | dʲ | дім, мідь[1] | [d⁽ʲ⁾im], [midʲ]
|
dew |
| dz | дзе́ркало[1] | [ˈdzɛrkɐlo]
|
pads | dzʲ | ґедзь, дзьоб[1] | [ɡɛdzʲ], [dzʲɔb]
|
pad's yours |
| dʒ | джміль[1] | [dʒmilʲ]
|
jump, ridge | N/A | |||
| f | фа́рба | [ˈfɑrbɐ]
|
fool | ||||
| ɡ | ґа́нок[1] | [ˈɡɑnok]
|
good | ||||
| ɣ | чахохбі́лі[1] | [tʃɐxoɣˈbil⁽ʲ⁾i] | between good and hood | ||||
| ɦ | газе́та | [ɦɐˈzɛtɐ]
|
behind | ||||
| N/A | j | йти, гай, їда́льня | [jtɪ], [ɦɑj], [jiˈdɑlʲnʲɐ]
|
yes | |||
| k | ключ | [klʲutʃ]
|
scar | N/A | |||
| l | лось | [lɔsʲ]
|
bell | lʲ | лід, сіль | [l⁽ʲ⁾id], [s⁽ʲ⁾ilʲ]
|
least |
| m | мир | [mɪr]
|
moot | N/A | |||
| n | не́бо | [ˈnɛbo]
|
noon | nʲ | ні́жний, день | [ˈn⁽ʲ⁾iʒnɪj], [dɛnʲ]
|
new |
| p | пил | [pɪl]
|
spare | N/A | |||
| r | лі́кар | [ˈl⁽ʲ⁾ikɐr]
|
trilled r, like in Spanish riesgo | rʲ | рі́чка | [ˈr⁽ʲ⁾itʃkɐ]
|
trilled r, like in Spanish riesgo |
| s | суп | [sup]
|
soup | sʲ | сі́но, вісь | [ˈs⁽ʲ⁾ino], [wisʲ]
|
suit |
| ʃ | шпари́на, ви́ще | [ʃpɐˈrɪnɐ], [ˈwɪʃtʃe]
|
shop | N/A | |||
| t | тин | [tɪn]
|
star | tʲ | тінь, мить | [t⁽ʲ⁾inʲ], [mɪtʲ]
|
stew |
| ts | цибу́ля | [tsɪˈbulʲɐ]
|
cats | tsʲ | ціна́, віне́ць | [ts⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɑ], [wiˈnɛtsʲ]
|
cat's young |
| tʃ | очере́т, вище | [otʃeˈrɛt], [ˈwɪʃtʃe]
|
choose | N/A | |||
| u̯ | вчи́тель, став | [ˈu̯tʃɪtelʲ], [stɑu̯]
|
tow | ||||
| v | Афганіста́н[1] | [ɐvɦɐn⁽ʲ⁾iˈstɑn] | vine | ||||
| w | віл | [wil]
|
between wine and vine | ||||
| x | ховра́х | [xou̯ˈrɑx] | Bach, loch | ||||
| z | зуб[1] | [zub]
|
zoo | zʲ | зі́ллю, рі́зьблення[1] | [ˈz⁽ʲ⁾ilʲːʊ], [ˈr⁽ʲ⁾izʲblenʲːɐ]
|
presume |
| ʒ | жи́то[1] | [ˈʒɪto]
|
measure, garage | N/A | |||
| Vowels | |||||||
| Stressed | Unstressed | ||||||
| IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation | ||
| ɑ | гай | [ɦɑj]
|
father | ɐ | гарма́та | [ɦɐrˈmɑtɐ]
|
hug |
| ɛ | день, єсть | [dɛnʲ], [jɛsʲtʲ]
|
met | e | ефі́рний | [eˈfirnɪj]
|
rate |
| i | кіт, і́кла | [kit], [ˈiklɐ]
|
meet | i | біле́т | [biˈlɛt]
|
meet |
| ɪ | ми́ша | [ˈmɪʃɐ]
|
bit | ɪ | кра́сний[2] | [ˈkrɑsnɪj]
|
bit |
| ɔ | по́ле, льон | [ˈpɔle], [lʲɔn]
|
off | o | ору́дний | [oˈrudnɪj]
|
cold |
| u | дух, лють | [dux], [lʲutʲ]
|
fool | ʊ | туди́ | [tʊˈdɪ]
|
put |
| Other symbols | |||||||
| IPA | Explanation | ||||||
| ˈ◌ | stress (placed before the stressed syllable) | ||||||
| ˌ◌ | secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable) | ||||||
| ◌ː | gemination (the consonant is pronounced twice as long)[3] | ||||||
| ◌⁽ʲ⁾ | optional nature of consonant palatalization before /i/ | ||||||
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Voiceless obstruents /p t tʲ ts tsʲ tʃ k x f s sʲ ʃ/ are voiced [b d dʲ dz dzʲ dʒ ɡ ɣ v z zʲ ʒ] before other voiced obstruents. [ɣ] and [v] only ever occur in this case.
- ^ May also be realized as [e].
- ^ In Ukrainian, geminates are found between vowels: бага́ття
[bɐˈɦɑtʲːɐ] 'bonfire', подру́жжя [poˈdruʒːɐ] 'married couple', обли́ччя [oˈblɪtʃːɐ] 'face'. Geminates also occur at the beginning of a few words: лля́ний [ˈlʲːɑnɪj] 'flaxen', forms of the verb ли́ти 'to pour' (ллючи́ [lʲːʊˈtʃɪ], ллю [lʲːu], ллєш [lʲːɛʃ] etc.), сса́ти [ˈsːɑtɪ] 'to suck' and derivatives.[citation needed]
Bibliography[edit]
- Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995). Ukrainian. Lincom Europa. ISBN 978-3-929075-08-3.
- Жовтобрюх, М.А.; Кулик, Б.М. (1965). Курс сучасної української літературної мови. Частина I. (in Ukrainian). Kiev: Радянська школа.