皇
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Han character[edit]
皇 (radical 106, 白+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹日一土 (HAMG), four-corner 26104, composition ⿱白王)
Derived characters[edit]
- 喤, 堭, 媓, 崲, 徨, 惶, 揘, 湟, 隍, 𣈷, 楻, 煌, 瑝, 遑, 䄓, 䅣, 䊗, 𬗬, 艎, 蝗, 諻(𬤍), 䞹, 鍠(锽), 韹, 䬖, 餭(𫗮), 騜(𫘩), 鰉(鳇), 䑟, 皝, 皩, 䳨(𬸛), 葟, 篁, 凰, 𡈁, 㾮
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 786, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22701
- Dae Jaweon: page 1201, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2645, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7687
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
皇 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin[edit]
Old Chinese | |
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皇 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
惶 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
遑 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
堭 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
煌 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
餭 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
騜 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
艎 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
隍 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
湟 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
徨 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
篁 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
蝗 | *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs |
凰 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
偟 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
媓 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
韹 | *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ |
葟 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
皝 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
汪 | *qʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ |
尪 | *qʷaːŋ |
迋 | *kʷaŋʔ, *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs |
逛 | *kʷaŋʔ |
誑 | *kʷaŋs, *ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs |
匡 | *kʰʷaŋ |
筐 | *kʰʷaŋ |
框 | *kʰʷaŋ |
眶 | *kʰʷaŋ |
誆 | *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs |
邼 | *kʰʷaŋ |
恇 | *kʰʷaŋ |
劻 | *kʰʷaŋ |
洭 | *kʰʷaŋ |
軭 | *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ |
狂 | *ɡʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs |
軖 | *ɡʷaŋ |
鵟 | *ɡʷaŋ |
俇 | *ɡʷaŋʔ |
王 | *ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs |
蚟 | *ɢʷaŋ |
彺 | *ɢʷaŋ |
旺 | *ɢʷaŋs |
諻 | *qʰʷraːŋ |
喤 | *qʰʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ |
瑝 | *ɡʷraːŋ |
鍠 | *ɡʷraːŋ |
揘 | *ɡʷaŋ |
Pictogram (象形) ― a lit oil lamp. The derivative 煌 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ) refers to the original word.
Later developed into a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡʷaːŋ): semantic 白 (“flame”) + phonetic 王 (OC *ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs).
Etymology[edit]
Bodman (1980) proposes a connection with 王 (OC *ɢʷaŋ) "king" (see there for more information).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
皇
Compounds[edit]
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Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “皇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)←わう (wau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←くわう (kwau, historical)
- Kun: きみ (kimi, 皇); すめ (sume, 皇); すべ (sube); すめら (sumera); すべら (subera); すべらぎ (suberagi, 皇); すめらぎ (sumeragi, 皇)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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皇 |
こう Grade: 6 |
kan’on |
/kʷau/ → /kʷɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 皇 (MC ɦwɑŋ).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 皇位 (kōi)
- 皇威 (kōi)
- 皇胤 (kōin)
- 皇運 (kōun)
- 皇裔 (kōei)
- 皇恩 (kōon)
- 皇化 (kōka)
- 皇家 (kōka)
- 皇華 (kōka)
- 皇学 (kōgaku)
- 皇嘉門 (Kōkamon)
- 皇漢 (Kōkan)
- 皇侃 (Kōkan)
- 皇基 (kōki)
- 皇紀 (Kōki)
- 皇宮 (kōkyū)
- 皇居 (kōkyo)
- 皇宮 (kōgū)
- 皇軍 (kōgun)
- 皇系 (kōkei)
- 皇継 (kōkei)
- 皇闕 (kōketsu)
- 皇后 (kōgō)
- 皇后宮 (kōgōgū)
- 皇考 (kōkō)
- 皇国 (kōkoku)
- 皇嗣 (kōshi)
- 皇子 (kōshi)
- 皇師 (kōshi)
- 皇室 (kōshitsu)
- 皇寿 (kōju)
- 皇女 (kōjo)
- 皇上 (kōjō)
- 皇城 (kōjō)
- 皇庶子 (kōshoshi)
- 皇親 (kōshin)
- 皇曽孫 (kōsōson)
- 皇籍 (kōseki)
- 皇祖 (kōso)
- 皇祚 (kōso)
- 皇宗 (kōsō)
- 皇族 (kōzoku)
- 皇祖考 (kōsokō)
- 皇祖妣 (kōsohi)
- 皇孫 (kōson)
- 皇太后 (kōtaigō)
- 皇太子 (kōtaishi)
- 皇大神 (Kōtaijin)
- 皇太孫 (kōtaison)
- 皇太弟 (kōtaitei)
- 皇太妃 (kōtaihi)
- 皇太夫人 (kōtaifujin)
- 皇沢 (kōtaku)
- 皇儲 (kōcho)
- 皇張 (kōchō)
- 皇朝 (Kōchō)
- 皇長子 (kōchōshi)
- 皇帝 (kōtei)
- 皇弟 (kōtei)
- 皇天 (kōten)
- 皇典 (kōten)
- 皇図 (kōto)
- 皇土 (kōdo)
- 皇都 (kōto)
- 皇統 (kōtō)
- 皇道 (kōdō)
- 皇妃 (kōhi)
- 皇妣 (kōhi)
- 皇風 (kōfū)
- 皇別 (kōbetsu)
- 皇謨 (kōbo)
- 皇民 (kōmin)
- 皇猶子 (kōyūshi)
- 皇輿 (kōyo)
- 皇陵 (kōryō)
- 皇霊 (kōrei)
- 教皇 (kyōkō)
- 三皇 (Sankō)
- 上皇 (jōkō)
- 女皇 (jokō)
- 先皇 (senkō)
- 倉皇 (sōkō)
- 地皇 (Chikō)
- 張皇 (chōkō)
- 儲皇 (chokō)
- 天皇 (Tenkō)
Proper noun[edit]
- a unisex given name
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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皇 |
おう Grade: 6 |
goon |
/wau/ → /wɔː/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/
From Middle Chinese 皇 (MC ɦwɑŋ).
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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皇 |
すべ Grade: 6 |
kun’yomi |
/sume/ → /sube/
From Old Japanese, as a shift from older sume.[1]
Previously thought to be derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of Old Japanese verb 統ぶ (subu), modern 統べる (suberu, “to control, to govern, to rule”). However, later research into ancient phonetic spellings clarified that the be portion of the verb was realized as ⟨be2⟩. During the Old Japanese stage, ⟨be2⟩ could only have derived phonetically from ⟨me2⟩, and not from the ⟨me1⟩ syllable of the noun.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
- (archaic) prefix of praise and respect, usually towards 神 (kami, “Shinto deities”) or 天皇 (tennō, “Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan”):
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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皇 |
すめ Grade: 6 |
kun’yomi |
⟨sume1⟩ → */sumʲe/ → /sume/
From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
- (archaic) prefix of praise and respect, usually towards 神 (kami, “Shinto deities”) or 天皇 (tennō, “Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan”):
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 5[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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皇 |
すべら Grade: 6 |
kun’yomi |
From the prefix 皇 (sube-, see above) + 等 (-ra, nominalizing and pluralizing suffix).
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
- (archaic) prefix of praise and respect, usually towards 神 (kami, “Shinto deities”) or 天皇 (tennō, “Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan”):
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 6[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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皇 |
すめら Grade: 6 |
kun’yomi |
From the prefix 皇 (sume-) + 等 (-ra, nominalizing and pluralizing suffix).
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
- (archaic) prefix of praise and respect, usually towards 神 (kami, “Shinto deities”) or 天皇 (tennō, “Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan”):
Derived terms[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
Etymology 7[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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皇 |
すべらぎ Grade: 6 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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天皇 |
/sumeraɡi/ → /suberaɡi/
Shift from sumeragi below, with the nasal /m/ becoming a plosive /b/.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 8[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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皇 |
すめらぎ Grade: 6 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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天皇 |
⟨sume1ro2ki1⟩ → */sumʲerəkʲi/ → */sumeraki/ → /sumeraɡi/
Possibly a shift from Old Japanese 天皇 (sume1ro2ki1).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
- a surname.
Etymology 9[edit]
Various nanori readings.
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
- a female given name
- a unisex given name
- a female given name
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 皇 (MC ɦwɑŋ).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸwa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [황]
Hanja[edit]
皇 (eumhun 임금 황 (imgeum hwang))
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese 皇.
Historical readings |
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Hanja[edit]
皇 (eumhun 엄숙할 왕 (eomsukhal wang))
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese[edit]
Hán tự[edit]
皇: Hán Việt readings: hoàng (
皇: Nôm readings: hoàng[1][3][5], huỳnh[3]
Compounds[edit]
- 三皇五帝 (Tam Hoàng Ngũ Đế)
- 俄皇 (Nga hoàng)
- 堂皇 (đàng hoàng)
- 天皇 (thiên hoàng)
- 太皇太后 (thái hoàng thái hậu)
- 女皇 (nữ hoàng)
- 婆皇 (bà hoàng)
- 教皇 (giáo hoàng)
- 日皇 (Nhật hoàng)
- 沙皇 (sa hoàng)
- 玉皇 (Ngọc Hoàng)
- 皇上 (hoàng_thượng)
- 皇后 (hoàng hậu)
- 皇太后 (hoàng thái hậu)
- 皇子 (hoàng tử)
- 皇家 (hoàng gia)
- 皇帝 (hoàng_đế)
- 皇族 (hoàng tộc)
References[edit]
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han pictograms
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
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- Hakka lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
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- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
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- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
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- Min Dong nouns
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- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Min Dong proper nouns
- Min Nan proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
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- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 6 kanji
- Japanese kanji with kun reading きみ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading すめ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading すべ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading すめら
- Japanese kanji with kun reading すべら
- Japanese kanji with kun reading すべらぎ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading すめらぎ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading くわう
- Japanese kanji with goon reading おう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading わう
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇 read as こう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese affixes
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese male given names
- Japanese female given names
- Japanese unisex given names
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇 read as おう
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇 read as すべ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese prefixes
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇 read as すめ
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇 read as すべら
- Japanese words prefixed with 皇
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇 read as すめら
- Japanese see aboves prefixed with 皇
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇 read as すべらぎ
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with 皇 read as すめらぎ
- Japanese surnames
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean Han characters
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Korean terms with archaic senses
- Korean terms with quotations
- Vietnamese Han tu
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom