Hurter and Driffield
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![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20210508082902im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/H%26D_curve.png/200px-H%26D_curve.png)
H & D curve used in sensitometry
Ferdinand Hurter (1844–1898) and Vero Charles Driffield (1848–1915) were nineteenth-century photographic scientists who brought quantitative scientific practice to photography through the methods of sensitometry and densitometry.
![](http://webcf.waybackmachine.org/web/20210508082902im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/HD_Actinograph.jpg/200px-HD_Actinograph.jpg)
Hurter & Driffield's actinograph.
Among their other innovations was a photographic exposure estimation device known as an actinograph.[1]
See also[edit]
- H&D speed numbers, originally described in 1890, for film speed measurements
References[edit]
- ^ William Bates Ferguson (editor) (1920). The Photographic Researches of Ferdinand Hurter & Vero C. Driffield: Being a Reprint of Their Published Papers, Together With a History of Their Early Work & a Bibliography of Later Work on the Same Subject. London: Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)