gettext
utilitiesgettext
declarationgettext
Operationsgettext
Installationmsgcat
Program
msgconv
Program
msggrep
Program
msgfilter
Program
msguniq
Program
msgcomm
Program
msgcmp
Program
msgattrib
Program
msgen
Program
msgexec
Program
msgfmt
Program
msgunfmt
Program
gettextize
Programgettext.sh
gettext
programngettext
programenvsubst
programeval_gettext
functioneval_ngettext
functioneval_pgettext
functioneval_npgettext
functionNext: Introduction, Up: (dir) [Contents][Index]
gettext
utilitiesThis manual documents the GNU gettext tools and the GNU libintl library, version 0.21.
• Introduction: | Introduction | |
• Users: | The User’s View | |
• PO Files: | The Format of PO Files | |
• Sources: | Preparing Program Sources | |
• Template: | Making the PO Template File | |
• Creating: | Creating a New PO File | |
• Updating: | Updating Existing PO Files | |
• Editing: | Editing PO Files | |
• Manipulating: | Manipulating PO Files | |
• Binaries: | Producing Binary MO Files | |
• Programmers: | The Programmer’s View | |
• Translators: | The Translator’s View | |
• Maintainers: | The Maintainer’s View | |
• Installers: | The Installer’s and Distributor’s View | |
• Programming Languages: | Other Programming Languages | |
• Data Formats: | Other Data Formats | |
• Conclusion: | Concluding Remarks | |
• Language Codes: | ISO 639 language codes | |
• Country Codes: | ISO 3166 country codes | |
• Licenses: | Licenses | |
• Program Index: | Index of Programs | |
• Option Index: | Index of Command-Line Options | |
• Variable Index: | Index of Environment Variables | |
• PO Mode Index: | Index of Emacs PO Mode Commands | |
• Autoconf Macro Index: | Index of Autoconf Macros | |
• Index: | General Index | |
— The Detailed Node Listing — Introduction | ||
• Why: | The Purpose of GNU gettext
| |
• Concepts: | I18n, L10n, and Such | |
• Aspects: | Aspects in Native Language Support | |
• Files: | Files Conveying Translations | |
• Overview: | Overview of GNU gettext
| |
The User’s View | ||
• System Installation: | Questions During Operating System Installation | |
• Setting the GUI Locale: | How to Specify the Locale Used by GUI Programs | |
• Setting the POSIX Locale: | How to Specify the Locale According to POSIX | |
• Working in a Windows console: | Obtaining good output in a Windows console | |
• Installing Localizations: | How to Install Additional Translations | |
Setting the Locale through Environment Variables | ||
• Locale Names: | How a Locale Specification Looks Like | |
• Locale Environment Variables: | Which Environment Variable Specfies What | |
• The LANGUAGE variable: | How to Specify a Priority List of Languages | |
Preparing Program Sources | ||
• Importing: | Importing the gettext declaration
| |
• Triggering: | Triggering gettext Operations
| |
• Preparing Strings: | Preparing Translatable Strings | |
• Mark Keywords: | How Marks Appear in Sources | |
• Marking: | Marking Translatable Strings | |
• c-format Flag: | Telling something about the following string | |
• Special cases: | Special Cases of Translatable Strings | |
• Bug Report Address: | Letting Users Report Translation Bugs | |
• Names: | Marking Proper Names for Translation | |
• Libraries: | Preparing Library Sources | |
Making the PO Template File | ||
• xgettext Invocation: | Invoking the xgettext Program
| |
Creating a New PO File | ||
• msginit Invocation: | Invoking the msginit Program
| |
• Header Entry: | Filling in the Header Entry | |
Updating Existing PO Files | ||
• msgmerge Invocation: | Invoking the msgmerge Program
| |
Editing PO Files | ||
• KBabel: | KDE’s PO File Editor | |
• Gtranslator: | GNOME’s PO File Editor | |
• PO Mode: | Emacs’s PO File Editor | |
• Compendium: | Using Translation Compendia | |
Emacs’s PO File Editor | ||
• Installation: | Completing GNU gettext Installation
| |
• Main PO Commands: | Main Commands | |
• Entry Positioning: | Entry Positioning | |
• Normalizing: | Normalizing Strings in Entries | |
• Translated Entries: | Translated Entries | |
• Fuzzy Entries: | Fuzzy Entries | |
• Untranslated Entries: | Untranslated Entries | |
• Obsolete Entries: | Obsolete Entries | |
• Modifying Translations: | Modifying Translations | |
• Modifying Comments: | Modifying Comments | |
• Subedit: | Mode for Editing Translations | |
• C Sources Context: | C Sources Context | |
• Auxiliary: | Consulting Auxiliary PO Files | |
Using Translation Compendia | ||
• Creating Compendia: | Merging translations for later use | |
• Using Compendia: | Using older translations if they fit | |
Manipulating PO Files | ||
• msgcat Invocation: | Invoking the msgcat Program
| |
• msgconv Invocation: | Invoking the msgconv Program
| |
• msggrep Invocation: | Invoking the msggrep Program
| |
• msgfilter Invocation: | Invoking the msgfilter Program
| |
• msguniq Invocation: | Invoking the msguniq Program
| |
• msgcomm Invocation: | Invoking the msgcomm Program
| |
• msgcmp Invocation: | Invoking the msgcmp Program
| |
• msgattrib Invocation: | Invoking the msgattrib Program
| |
• msgen Invocation: | Invoking the msgen Program
| |
• msgexec Invocation: | Invoking the msgexec Program
| |
• Colorizing: | Highlighting parts of PO files | |
• Other tools: | Other tools for manipulating PO files | |
• libgettextpo: | Writing your own programs that process PO files | |
Highlighting parts of PO files | ||
• The --color option: | Triggering colorized output | |
• The TERM variable: | The environment variable TERM
| |
• The --style option: | The --style option
| |
• Style rules: | Style rules for PO files | |
• Customizing less: | Customizing less for viewing PO files
| |
Producing Binary MO Files | ||
• msgfmt Invocation: | Invoking the msgfmt Program
| |
• msgunfmt Invocation: | Invoking the msgunfmt Program
| |
• MO Files: | The Format of GNU MO Files | |
The Programmer’s View | ||
• catgets: | About catgets
| |
• gettext: | About gettext
| |
• Comparison: | Comparing the two interfaces | |
• Using libintl.a: | Using libintl.a in own programs | |
• gettext grok: | Being a gettext grok
| |
• Temp Programmers: | Temporary Notes for the Programmers Chapter | |
About | ||
• Interface to catgets: | The interface | |
• Problems with catgets: | Problems with the catgets interface?!
| |
About | ||
• Interface to gettext: | The interface | |
• Ambiguities: | Solving ambiguities | |
• Locating Catalogs: | Locating message catalog files | |
• Charset conversion: | How to request conversion to Unicode | |
• Contexts: | Solving ambiguities in GUI programs | |
• Plural forms: | Additional functions for handling plurals | |
• Optimized gettext: | Optimization of the *gettext functions | |
Temporary Notes for the Programmers Chapter | ||
• Temp Implementations: | Temporary - Two Possible Implementations | |
• Temp catgets: | Temporary - About catgets
| |
• Temp WSI: | Temporary - Why a single implementation | |
• Temp Notes: | Temporary - Notes | |
The Translator’s View | ||
• Trans Intro 0: | Introduction 0 | |
• Trans Intro 1: | Introduction 1 | |
• Discussions: | Discussions | |
• Organization: | Organization | |
• Information Flow: | Information Flow | |
• Translating plural forms: | How to fill in msgstr[0] , msgstr[1]
| |
• Prioritizing messages: | How to find which messages to translate first | |
Organization | ||
• Central Coordination: | Central Coordination | |
• National Teams: | National Teams | |
• Mailing Lists: | Mailing Lists | |
National Teams | ||
• Sub-Cultures: | Sub-Cultures | |
• Organizational Ideas: | Organizational Ideas | |
The Maintainer’s View | ||
• Flat and Non-Flat: | Flat or Non-Flat Directory Structures | |
• Prerequisites: | Prerequisite Works | |
• gettextize Invocation: | Invoking the gettextize Program
| |
• Adjusting Files: | Files You Must Create or Alter | |
• autoconf macros: | Autoconf macros for use in configure.ac | |
• Version Control Issues: | ||
• Release Management: | Creating a Distribution Tarball | |
Files You Must Create or Alter | ||
• po/POTFILES.in: | POTFILES.in in po/ | |
• po/LINGUAS: | LINGUAS in po/ | |
• po/Makevars: | Makevars in po/ | |
• po/Rules-*: | Extending Makefile in po/ | |
• configure.ac: | configure.ac at top level | |
• config.guess: | config.guess, config.sub at top level | |
• mkinstalldirs: | mkinstalldirs at top level | |
• aclocal: | aclocal.m4 at top level | |
• config.h.in: | config.h.in at top level | |
• Makefile: | Makefile.in at top level | |
• src/Makefile: | Makefile.in in src/ | |
• lib/gettext.h: | gettext.h in lib/ | |
Autoconf macros for use in configure.ac | ||
• AM_GNU_GETTEXT: | AM_GNU_GETTEXT in gettext.m4 | |
• AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION: | AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION in gettext.m4 | |
• AM_GNU_GETTEXT_NEED: | AM_GNU_GETTEXT_NEED in gettext.m4 | |
• AM_PO_SUBDIRS: | AM_PO_SUBDIRS in po.m4 | |
• AM_XGETTEXT_OPTION: | AM_XGETTEXT_OPTION in po.m4 | |
• AM_ICONV: | AM_ICONV in iconv.m4 | |
Integrating with Version Control Systems | ||
• Distributed Development: | Avoiding version mismatch in distributed development | |
• Files under Version Control: | Files to put under version control | |
• Translations under Version Control: | Put PO Files under Version Control | |
• autopoint Invocation: | Invoking the autopoint Program
| |
Other Programming Languages | ||
• Language Implementors: | The Language Implementor’s View | |
• Programmers for other Languages: | The Programmer’s View | |
• Translators for other Languages: | The Translator’s View | |
• Maintainers for other Languages: | The Maintainer’s View | |
• List of Programming Languages: | Individual Programming Languages | |
The Translator’s View | ||
• c-format: | C Format Strings | |
• objc-format: | Objective C Format Strings | |
• python-format: | Python Format Strings | |
• java-format: | Java Format Strings | |
• csharp-format: | C# Format Strings | |
• javascript-format: | JavaScript Format Strings | |
• scheme-format: | Scheme Format Strings | |
• lisp-format: | Lisp Format Strings | |
• elisp-format: | Emacs Lisp Format Strings | |
• librep-format: | librep Format Strings | |
• ruby-format: | Ruby Format Strings | |
• sh-format: | Shell Format Strings | |
• awk-format: | awk Format Strings | |
• lua-format: | Lua Format Strings | |
• object-pascal-format: | Object Pascal Format Strings | |
• smalltalk-format: | Smalltalk Format Strings | |
• qt-format: | Qt Format Strings | |
• qt-plural-format: | Qt Plural Format Strings | |
• kde-format: | KDE Format Strings | |
• kde-kuit-format: | KUIT Format Strings | |
• boost-format: | Boost Format Strings | |
• tcl-format: | Tcl Format Strings | |
• perl-format: | Perl Format Strings | |
• php-format: | PHP Format Strings | |
• gcc-internal-format: | GCC internal Format Strings | |
• gfc-internal-format: | GFC internal Format Strings | |
• ycp-format: | YCP Format Strings | |
Individual Programming Languages | ||
• C: | C, C++, Objective C | |
• Python: | Python | |
• Java: | Java | |
• C#: | C# | |
• JavaScript: | JavaScript | |
• Scheme: | GNU guile - Scheme | |
• Common Lisp: | GNU clisp - Common Lisp | |
• clisp C: | GNU clisp C sources | |
• Emacs Lisp: | Emacs Lisp | |
• librep: | librep | |
• Ruby: | Ruby | |
• sh: | sh - Shell Script | |
• bash: | bash - Bourne-Again Shell Script | |
• gawk: | GNU awk | |
• Lua: | Lua | |
• Pascal: | Pascal - Free Pascal Compiler | |
• Smalltalk: | GNU Smalltalk | |
• Vala: | Vala | |
• wxWidgets: | wxWidgets library | |
• Tcl: | Tcl - Tk’s scripting language | |
• Perl: | Perl | |
• PHP: | PHP Hypertext Preprocessor | |
• Pike: | Pike | |
• GCC-source: | GNU Compiler Collection sources | |
• YCP: | YCP - YaST2 scripting language | |
sh - Shell Script | ||
• Preparing Shell Scripts: | Preparing Shell Scripts for Internationalization | |
• gettext.sh: | Contents of gettext.sh
| |
• gettext Invocation: | Invoking the gettext program
| |
• ngettext Invocation: | Invoking the ngettext program
| |
• envsubst Invocation: | Invoking the envsubst program
| |
• eval_gettext Invocation: | Invoking the eval_gettext function
| |
• eval_ngettext Invocation: | Invoking the eval_ngettext function
| |
• eval_pgettext Invocation: | Invoking the eval_pgettext function
| |
• eval_npgettext Invocation: | Invoking the eval_npgettext function
| |
Perl | ||
• General Problems: | General Problems Parsing Perl Code | |
• Default Keywords: | Which Keywords Will xgettext Look For? | |
• Special Keywords: | How to Extract Hash Keys | |
• Quote-like Expressions: | What are Strings And Quote-like Expressions? | |
• Interpolation I: | Invalid String Interpolation | |
• Interpolation II: | Valid String Interpolation | |
• Parentheses: | When To Use Parentheses | |
• Long Lines: | How To Grok with Long Lines | |
• Perl Pitfalls: | Bugs, Pitfalls, and Things That Do Not Work | |
Other Data Formats | ||
• Internationalizable Data: | Internationalizable Data Formats | |
• Localized Data: | Localized Data Formats | |
Internationalizable Data Formats | ||
• POT: | POT - Portable Object Template | |
• RST: | Resource String Table | |
• Glade: | Glade - GNOME user interface description | |
• GSettings: | GSettings - GNOME user configuration schema | |
• AppData: | AppData - freedesktop.org application description | |
• Preparing ITS Rules: | Preparing Rules for XML Internationalization | |
Localized Data Formats | ||
• Editable Message Catalogs: | Editable Message Catalogs | |
• Compiled Message Catalogs: | Compiled Message Catalogs | |
• Desktop Entry: | Desktop Entry files | |
• XML: | XML files | |
Editable Message Catalogs | ||
• PO: | PO - Portable Object | |
• Java .properties: | Java .properties | |
• GNUstep .strings: | NeXTstep/GNUstep .strings | |
Compiled Message Catalogs | ||
• MO: | MO - Machine Object | |
• Java ResourceBundle: | Java ResourceBundle | |
• C# Satellite Assembly: | C# Satellite Assembly | |
• C# Resource: | C# Resource | |
• Tcl message catalog: | Tcl message catalog | |
• Qt message catalog: | Qt message catalog | |
Concluding Remarks | ||
• History: | History of GNU gettext
| |
• The original ABOUT-NLS: | Historical introduction | |
• References: | Related Readings | |
Language Codes | ||
• Usual Language Codes: | Two-letter ISO 639 language codes | |
• Rare Language Codes: | Three-letter ISO 639 language codes | |
Licenses | ||
• GNU GPL: | GNU General Public License | |
• GNU LGPL: | GNU Lesser General Public License | |
• GNU FDL: | GNU Free Documentation License | |
Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) [Contents][Index]