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Caucher Birkar

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Caucher Birkar FRS (Kurdish: کۆچەر بیرکار/Koçer Bîrkar, lit. 'migrant mathematician'; born Fereydoun Derakhshani ; July 1978) is a Kurdish mathematician and a professor at Tsinghua University[5] and University of Cambridge.[3][6]

Caucher Birkar

FRS
Born
Fereydoun Derakhshani[1][2]

1978 (age 43–44)
Ney, Marivan County, Iran
CitizenshipIran, Britain
Alma materUniversity of Tehran (BSc)
University of Nottingham (PhD)
Children1
AwardsLeverhulme Prize (2010)
Moore Prize (2016)
Fields Medal (2018)
Scientific career
Fields
InstitutionsTsinghua University
University of Cambridge
ThesisTopics in Modern Algebraic Geometry (2004)
Doctoral advisor
Influenceselder brother[4]
Websitewww.dpmms.cam.ac.uk/~cb496

Birkar is an important contributor to modern birational geometry.[7] In 2010 he received the Leverhulme Prize in mathematics and statistics for his contributions to algebraic geometry,[8] and in 2016, the AMS Moore Prize for the article "Existence of minimal models for varieties of log general type", Journal of the AMS (2010) (joint with P. Cascini, C. Hacon and J. McKernan).[9] He was awarded the Fields Medal in 2018, "for his proof of boundedness of Fano varieties and contributions to the minimal model program".[10] In his office at the University, Birkar has two photographs of Alexander Grothendieck, his favorite mathematician, who like Birkar, was a refugee and Fields medalist.[11]

Early life and educationEdit

Birkar is an ethnic Kurd, and was born in 1978 in Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran, on a subsistence farm, and raised during the Iran-Iraq War.[11] He had five siblings,[11] and he learned a lot of mathematics from his brothers during the first years of school.[12][11] Following his graduation from high school,[11] he studied mathematics at the University of Tehran where he received his bachelor's degree. He was awarded the third prize in the International Mathematics Competition for University Students in 2000[13] and, shortly after, while still studying in the University, relocated to the UK as a refugee and asked for political asylum.[14] In 2001–2004 Birkar was a PhD student at the University of Nottingham.[15] In 2003 he was awarded the Cecil King Travel Scholarship by the London Mathematical Society as the most promising PhD student.[16] Upon emigrating to the UK he changed his name to Caucher Birkar, which means "migrant mathematician" in Kurdish.[17]

Research and careerEdit

Together with Paolo Cascini, Christopher Hacon and James McKernan, Birkar settled several conjectures including existence of log flips, finite generation of log canonical rings, and existence of minimal models for varieties of log general type, building upon earlier work of Vyacheslav Shokurov and of Hacon and McKernan.[18]

In the setting of log canonical singularities, he proved existence of log flips along with key cases of the minimal model and abundance conjectures. (This was also proved independently by Hacon and Chenyang Xu.)[19]

In a different direction, he studied the old problem of Iitaka on effectivity of Iitaka fibrations induced by pluri-canonical systems on varieties of non-negative Kodaira dimension. The problem consists of two halves: one related to general fibres of the fibration and one related to the base of the fibration. Birkar and Zhang co-solved the second half of the problem, hence essentially reducing Iitaka's problem to the special case of Kodaira dimension zero.[20]

In more recent work, Birkar studied Fano varieties and singularities of linear systems. He proved several fundamental problems such as Shokurov's conjecture on boundedness of complements and Borisov–Alexeev–Borisov conjecture on boundedness of Fano varieties.[21][22] In 2018, Birkar was given the Fields Medal for his work on Fano varieties and his other contributions the minimal model problem.[10] In a video made available by the Simons Foundation, Birkar expressed hope that his Fields Medal will put “just a little smile on the lips” of the world's estimated 40 million Kurds.[23] Birkar's Fields Medal was stolen on the same day it was awarded to him.[24] In a special ceremony at ICM 2018, Birkar was presented with a replacement medal.[25]

Birkar is also active in the field of birational geometry over fields of positive characteristic. His work together with work of Hacon-Xu nearly completes the minimal model program for 3-folds over fields of characteristic at least 7.[26]

Awards and honoursEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ "جایزه معادل "نوبل ریاضی" به یک کرد ایرانی پناهنده به بریتانیا رسید". VoA (in Persian). 1 August 2018.
  2. ^ "چرا مریم میرزاخانی و کوچر بیرکار مهاجرت کردند؟". BBC (in Persian). 3 August 2018.
  3. ^ a b Caucher Birkar at the Mathematics Genealogy Project  
  4. ^ "Caucher Birkar's family celebrates Fields Medal win". August 4, 2018. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  5. ^ "清华大学举行菲尔兹奖获得者考切尔•比尔卡尔教授聘任仪式" (in Chinese (China)). 清华新闻网.
  6. ^ Caucher Birkar publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  7. ^ "Birkar Citation" (PDF). International Mathematical Union. Birkar long citation. International Mathematical Union. 2018. p. 2.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ^ a b "Philip Leverhulme Prizes". Archived from the original on 2013-06-10. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  9. ^ "American Mathematical Society". www.ams.org. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  10. ^ a b c Davis, Nicola; Zhou, Naaman (1 August 2018). "Former refugee among winners of Fields medal – the 'Nobel prize for maths'". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  11. ^ a b c d e Hartnett, Kevin (1 August 2018). "An Innovator Who Brings Order to an Infinitude of Equations". Quanta Magazine. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Professor Caucher Birkar wins 2018 Fields Medal | Features: Faculty Insights". Cambridge University. Retrieved 2022-01-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ Draganova, C. "IMC - International Mathematics Competition for University Students". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  14. ^ Fields medal: UK refugee wins 'biggest maths prize', by Paul Rincon, at BBC.co.uk; published August 1, 2018; retrieved August 1, 2018
  15. ^ Birkar, Caucher (2004). Topics in modern algebraic geometry (PDF). cam.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Nottingham. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.421475.
  16. ^ "Cecil King Travel Scholarship in Mathematics". Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  17. ^ لندن, کیهان (2018-08-02). "مدال "فیلدز" کوچر بیرکار ریاضیدان به سرقت رفت اما افتخارش برای ایرانیان ماندنی است" (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  18. ^ C. Birkar, P. Cascini, C. Hacon, J. McKernan Existence of minimal models for varieties of log general type, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 23 (2010), 405–468.
  19. ^ Birkar, Caucher (2012). "Existence of log canonical flips and a special LMMP". Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS. 115: 325–368. arXiv:1104.4981. doi:10.1007/s10240-012-0039-5. S2CID 121722661.
  20. ^ C. Birkar, D.-Q. Zhang, Effectivity of Iitaka fibrations and pluricanonical systems of polarized pairs. To appear in Pub. Math IHES.
  21. ^ C. Birkar, Anti-pluricanonical systems on Fano varieties. arXiv:1603.05765
  22. ^ C. Birkar, Singularities of linear systems and boundedness of Fano varieties. arXiv:1609.05543.
  23. ^ Castelvecchi, Davide (1 August 2018). "Number-theory prodigy among winners of most coveted prize in mathematics". Nature. 560 (7717): 152–153. Bibcode:2018Natur.560..152C. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05864-w. PMID 30087472.
  24. ^ Phillips, Dom (1 August 2018). "World's most prestigious maths medal is stolen alongside his wallet minutes after professor wins it". The Guardian.
  25. ^ ""I'm more famous now than I would be", jokes Birkar", ICM 2018, August 4, 2018, archived from the original on August 8, 2020, retrieved November 10, 2018
  26. ^ C. Birkar, Existence of flips and minimal models for 3-folds in char p. Archived 2018-08-09 at the Wayback Machine Annales scientifiques de l’ENS 49 (2016), 169-212.
  27. ^ "Caucher Birkar has been awarded 2010 Philip Leverhulme prize". wordpress.com. 22 November 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  28. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-03-17. Retrieved 2013-06-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  29. ^ "American Mathematical Society". www.ams.org. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  30. ^ "University in Kurdistan awards honorary doctorate to Fields Medal laureate". Kurdistan24. Retrieved 2019-07-31.

Further readingEdit

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