ISO/IEC 8859-8
MIME / IANA | ISO-8859-8 |
---|---|
Alias(es) | iso-ir-138, hebrew, csISOLatinHebrew[1] |
Language(s) | Hebrew, English |
Standard | ISO/IEC 8859-8, ECMA-121, SI 1311 |
Classification | extended ASCII, ISO 8859 |
Based on | DEC Hebrew (8-bit), ISO/IEC 8859-1 |
Other related encoding(s) | Windows-1255 |
ISO/IEC 8859-8, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 8: Latin/Hebrew alphabet, is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings. ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999 from 1999 represents its second and current revision, preceded by the first edition ISO/IEC 8859-8:1988 in 1988. It is informally referred to as Latin/Hebrew. ISO/IEC 8859-8 covers all the Hebrew letters, but no Hebrew vowel signs. IBM assigned code page 916 (CCSIDs 916 and 5012) to it.[2][3][4] This character set was also adopted by Israeli Standard SI1311:2002, with some extensions.
ISO-8859-8 is the IANA preferred charset name for this standard when supplemented with the C0 and C1 control codes from ISO/IEC 6429. The text is (usually) in logical order, so bidi processing is required for display. Nominally ISO-8859-8 (code page 28598) is for “visual order”, and ISO-8859-8-I (code page 38598) is for logical order. But usually in practice, and required for XML documents,[citation needed] ISO-8859-8 also stands for logical order text. The WHATWG Encoding Standard used by HTML5 treats ISO-8859-8 and ISO-8859-8-I as distinct encodings with the same mapping due to influence on the layout direction, but notes that this no longer applies to ISO-8859-6 (Arabic), only to ISO-8859-8.[5]
There is also ISO-8859-8-E which supposedly requires directionality to be explicitly specified with special control characters; this latter variant is in practice unused.
The Microsoft Windows code page for Hebrew, Windows-1255, is mostly an extension of ISO/IEC 8859-8 without C1 controls, except for the omission of the double underscore, and replacement of the generic currency sign (¤) with the sheqel sign (₪). It adds support for vowel points as combining characters, and some additional punctuation.
Over a decade after the publication of that standard, Unicode is preferred, at least for the Internet[6] (meaning UTF-8, the dominant encoding for web pages). ISO-8859-8 is used by less that 0.1% of websites.[7]
Code page layout[edit]
_0 | _1 | _2 | _3 | _4 | _5 | _6 | _7 | _8 | _9 | _A | _B | _C | _D | _E | _F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0_ 0 |
||||||||||||||||
1_ 16 |
||||||||||||||||
2_ 32 |
SP 0020 |
! 0021 |
" 0022 |
# 0023 |
$ 0024 |
% 0025 |
& 0026 |
' 0027 |
( 0028 |
) 0029 |
* 002A |
+ 002B |
, 002C |
- 002D |
. 002E |
/ 002F |
3_ 48 |
0 0030 |
1 0031 |
2 0032 |
3 0033 |
4 0034 |
5 0035 |
6 0036 |
7 0037 |
8 0038 |
9 0039 |
: 003A |
; 003B |
< 003C |
= 003D |
> 003E |
? 003F |
4_ 64 |
@ 0040 |
A 0041 |
B 0042 |
C 0043 |
D 0044 |
E 0045 |
F 0046 |
G 0047 |
H 0048 |
I 0049 |
J 004A |
K 004B |
L 004C |
M 004D |
N 004E |
O 004F |
5_ 80 |
P 0050 |
Q 0051 |
R 0052 |
S 0053 |
T 0054 |
U 0055 |
V 0056 |
W 0057 |
X 0058 |
Y 0059 |
Z 005A |
[ 005B |
\ 005C |
] 005D |
^ 005E |
_ 005F |
6_ 96 |
` 0060 |
a 0061 |
b 0062 |
c 0063 |
d 0064 |
e 0065 |
f 0066 |
g 0067 |
h 0068 |
i 0069 |
j 006A |
k 006B |
l 006C |
m 006D |
n 006E |
o 006F |
7_ 112 |
p 0070 |
q 0071 |
r 0072 |
s 0073 |
t 0074 |
u 0075 |
v 0076 |
w 0077 |
x 0078 |
y 0079 |
z 007A |
{ 007B |
| 007C |
} 007D |
~ 007E |
|
8_ 128 |
||||||||||||||||
9_ 144 |
||||||||||||||||
A_ 160 |
NBSP 00A0 |
¢ 00A2 |
£ 00A3 |
¤ 00A4 |
¥ 00A5 |
¦ 00A6 |
§ 00A7 |
¨ 00A8 |
© 00A9 |
× 00D7 |
« 00AB |
¬ 00AC |
SHY 00AD |
® 00AE |
¯ 00AF | |
B_ 176 |
° 00B0 |
± 00B1 |
² 00B2 |
³ 00B3 |
´ 00B4 |
µ 00B5 |
¶ 00B6 |
· 00B7 |
¸ 00B8 |
¹ 00B9 |
÷ 00F7 |
» 00BB |
¼ 00BC |
½ 00BD |
¾ 00BE |
|
C_ 192 |
||||||||||||||||
D_ 208 |
‗ 2017 | |||||||||||||||
E_ 224 |
א 05D0 |
ב 05D1 |
ג 05D2 |
ד 05D3 |
ה 05D4 |
ו 05D5 |
ז 05D6 |
ח 05D7 |
ט 05D8 |
י 05D9 |
ך 05DA |
כ 05DB |
ל 05DC |
ם 05DD |
מ 05DE |
ן 05DF |
F_ 240 |
נ 05E0 |
ס 05E1 |
ע 05E2 |
ף 05E3 |
פ 05E4 |
ץ 05E5 |
צ 05E6 |
ק 05E7 |
ר 05E8 |
ש 05E9 |
ת 05EA |
LRM 200E |
RLM 200F |
Letter Number Punctuation Symbol Other Undefined
FD is left-to-right mark (U+200E) and FE is right-to-left mark (U+200F), as specified in a newer amendment as ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999.
2002 Israeli Standard extensions[edit]
Israeli Standard SI1311:2002 matches ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999 except for a number of additional character allocations for the euro sign, new shekel sign and more advanced explicit bidirectional formatting.[12]
_0 | _1 | _2 | _3 | _4 | _5 | _6 | _7 | _8 | _9 | _A | _B | _C | _D | _E | _F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D_ 208 |
€ 20AC |
₪ 20AA |
LRO 202D |
RLO 202E |
PDF 202C |
‗ 2017 | ||||||||||
E_ 224 |
א 05D0 |
ב 05D1 |
ג 05D2 |
ד 05D3 |
ה 05D4 |
ו 05D5 |
ז 05D6 |
ח 05D7 |
ט 05D8 |
י 05D9 |
ך 05DA |
כ 05DB |
ל 05DC |
ם 05DD |
מ 05DE |
ן 05DF |
F_ 240 |
נ 05E0 |
ס 05E1 |
ע 05E2 |
ף 05E3 |
פ 05E4 |
ץ 05E5 |
צ 05E6 |
ק 05E7 |
ר 05E8 |
ש 05E9 |
ת 05EA |
LRE 202A |
RLE 202B |
LRM 200E |
RLM 200F |
See also[edit]
- 8-bit DEC Hebrew (similar DEC code page)
- Code page 1255 (similar Windows code page)
- SI 960
- 7-bit DEC Hebrew
References[edit]
- ^ Character Sets, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), 2018-12-12
- ^ "Code page 916 information document". Archived from the original on 2017-02-16.
- ^ "CCSID 916 information document". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
- ^ "CCSID 5012 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.
- ^ van Kesteren, Anne. "9. Legacy single-byte encodings". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
Note: ISO-8859-8 and ISO-8859-8-I are distinct encoding names, because ISO-8859-8 has influence on the layout direction. And although historically this might have been the case for ISO-8859-6 and "ISO-8859-6-I" as well, that is no longer true.
- ^ John, Nicholas A. (2013). "The Construction of the Multilingual Internet: Unicode, Hebrew, and Globalization". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 18 (3): 321–338. doi:10.1111/jcc4.12015. ISSN 1083-6101.
Background: the problem of Hebrew and the Internet
- ^ "Usage Statistics of ISO-8859-8 for Websites, January 2019". w3techs.com. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
- ^ Code Page CPGID 00916 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
- ^ Code Page CPGID 00916 (txt), IBM
- ^ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-916_P100-1995.ucm, 2002-12-03
- ^ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-5012_P100-1999.ucm, 2002-12-03
- ^ a b Standards Institution of Israel. "ISO-IR 234: Latin/Hebrew character set for 8-bit codes" (PDF). Information Technology Standards Commission of Japan (ITSCJ/IPSJ).
External links[edit]
- ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999
- Revisions of the ECMA standard:
- Standard ECMA-121 - 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphics Character Sets - Latin/Hebrew Alphabet (PDF) (1 ed.). European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA). July 1987. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
- Standard ECMA-121 - 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphics Character Sets - Latin/Hebrew Alphabet (PDF) (2 ed.). European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA). December 2000. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2016-02-15. ([1])
- Israeli Standard SI1311:2002 (Hebrew)
- ISO-IR registrations:
- From ECMA-121:1987 and following ISO/IEC 8859-8:1988: European Computer Manufacturers Association (1987-07-31). ISO-IR 138 - Latin/Hebrew Alphabet (PDF). Information Technology Standards Commission of Japan (ITSCJ/IPSJ). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2019-08-17.
- Following ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999 and ECMA-121:2000: Standards Institution of Israel (1998-05-01). ISO-IR 198 - Latin/Hebrew Alphabet (PDF). Information Technology Standards Commission of Japan (ITSCJ/IPSJ). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2017-02-15.
- From SI 1311:2002: Standards Institution of Israel (2004-07-20). ISO-IR 234 - Latin/Hebrew character set for 8-bit codes (PDF). Information Technology Standards Commission of Japan (ITSCJ/IPSJ). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2017-02-15.