Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Rights: Document Pool
Find in this doc pool all EDRi analyses and documents related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and fundamental rights
Artificial Intelligence, if governed incorrectly, is a growing concern for all who care about digital and human rights. AI systems have the ability to exacerbate mass surveillance and intrusion into our personal lives, reflect and reinforce some of the deepest societal inequalities, fundamentally alter the delivery of public and essential services, undermine data protection legislation, and disrupt the democratic process.
In Europe, we have already seen the negative impacts of automated systems at play at the border, in predictive policing systems which only increase over-policing of racialised communities, in invasive gender, race and disability “identification” which systems;‘fraud detection’ systems which target poor, working class and migrant areas, and countless more examples.
Therefore, EDRi calls for the European Union in its upcoming regulation on AI to:
- set clear red-lines on impermissable uses of AI that are incompatible with fundamental rights, such as biometric mass surveillance, predictive policing and uses of AI at the border,
- ensure democratic oversight of uses of AI in the public sector,
- include the strongest possible human rights protection,
- and include civil society and those most affected by AI in the process.
1. EDRi analysis
2. EDRi member resources
3. EDRi articles, blogs and press releases
4. Legislative documents
5. Key dates (indicative)
6. Other useful resources
1. EDRi analysis
- EDRi Consultation response: European Commission consultation on Artificial Intelligence (04.06.2020)
https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/AI_EDRiConsultationResponse.pdf - EDRi Recommendations for a fundamental rights-based Artificial Intelligence Regulation: addressing collective harms, democratic oversight and impermissible use (04.06.2020)
https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/AI_EDRiRecommendations.pdf - EDRi Explainer AI and fundamental rights: How AI impacts marginalised groups, justice and equality (04.06.2020)
https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/AI_EDRiExplainer.pdf - EDRi Answering Guide to the European Commission consultation on AI (04.06.2020)
https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/AI_EDRiAnsweringGuide.pdf - EDRi paper: Ban Biometric Mass Surveillance (13.05.2020)
https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Paper-Ban-Biometric-Mass-Surveillance.pdf - EDRi briefing: Structural racism, Digital Rights and Technology (04.07.2020)
https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Structural-Racism-Digital-Rights-and-Technology_Final.pdf - EDRi Use case research: Impermissable AI and fundamental rights breaches (06.08.2020)
https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Case-studies-Impermissable-AI-biometrics-September-2020.pdf - EDRi paper: Technological Testing Grounds: Migration Management Experiments and Reflections from the Ground Up (09.11.2020)
https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Technological-Testing-Grounds.pdf - EDRi Open letter with 62 human and digital rights organisations calling for red lines on impermissable uses of AI (12.01.2021)
https://edri.org/our-work/civil-society-call-for-ai-red-lines-in-the-european-unions-artificial-intelligence-proposal/ - EDRi Open letter with 56 human and digital rights organisations calling for a ban on biometric mas surveillance practices (01.04.2021)
https://edri.org/our-work/european-commission-must-ban-biometric-mass-surveillance-practices-say-56-civil-society-groups/ - EDRi Facial recognition & Biometric Surveillance: Document pool
https://edri.org/our-work/facial-recognition-document-pool/
2. EDRi member resources
- EDRi campaign – Reclaim Your Face: Civil society initiative for a ban on biometric mass surveillance practices
https://reclaimyourface.eu/ - Access Now, All Out campaign: Computers are binary, people are not: how AI systems undermine LGBTQ identity (06.04.2021)
https://www.accessnow.org/how-ai-systems-undermine-lgbtq-identity/ - Access Now: Human rights in the age of artificial intelligence (2018)
https://www.accessnow.org/cms/assets/uploads/2018/11/AI-and-Human-Rights.pdf - Access Now: Trust and excellence — the EU is missing the mark again on AI and human rights (11.06.2020)
https://www.accessnow.org/trust-and-excellence-the-eu-is-missing-the-mark-again-on-ai-and-human-rights/ - Access Now: Facial recognition on trial: emotion and gender “detection” under scrutiny in a court case in Brazil (29.06.2020)
https://www.accessnow.org/facial-recognition-on-trial-emotion-and-gender-detection-under-scrutiny-in-a-court-case-in-brazil/ - Access Now: Europe’s Approach to Artificial Intelligence: How AI strategy is Evolving (09.12.2020)
https://www.accessnow.org/cms/assets/uploads/2020/12/Europes-approach-to-AI-strategy-is-evolving.pdf - Access Now: The EU should regulate AI on the basis of rights, not risks (17.02.2021)
https://www.accessnow.org/eu-regulation-ai-risk-based-approach/ - Article 19 & Privacy International: Privacy and Freedom of Expression in the Age of Artificial Intelligence’ (04.2018)
https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Privacy-and-Freedom-of-Expression-In-the-Age-of-Artificial-Intelligence-1.pdf - Article 19: Governance with teeth: How human rights can strengthen FAT and ethics initiatives on artificial intelligence (17.04.2019)
https://www.article19.org/resources/governance-with-teeth-how-human-rights-can-strengthen-fat-and-ethics-initiatives-on-artificial-intelligence/ - Article 19: Emotional Entanglement: China’s emotion recognition market and its implications for human rights (01.2021)
https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ER-Tech-China-Report.pdf - Bits of Freedom: Facial recognition: A convenient and efficient solution, looking for a problem? (29.01.2020)
https://www.bitsoffreedom.nl/2020/01/29/facial-recognition-a-convenient-and-efficient-solution-looking-for-a-problem/ - Bits of Freedom: Het systeem doet precies wat het wordt opgedragen (29.01.2021)
https://www.bitsoffreedom.nl/2021/01/29/het-systeem-doet-precies-wat-het-wordt-opgedragen/ - Bits of Freedom: We hebben AI-wetgeving nodig waarin onze rechten echt beschermd worden (01.04.2021)
https://www.bitsoffreedom.nl/2021/04/01/we-hebben-ai-wetgeving-nodig-waarin-onze-rechten-echt-beschermd-worden/ - Chaos Computer Club: The Ghost in the Machine: An Artificial Intelligence Perspective on the Soul (video)
https://media.ccc.de/v/35c3-10030-the_ghost_in_the_machine - Free Software Foundation Europe: Artificial intelligence as Free Software with Vincent Lequertier (podcast) (25.09.2020)
https://fsfe.org/news/podcast/episode-7.en.html - Hermes Center: Personalisation algorithms and elections: breaking free of the filter bubble (07.02.2019)
https://policyreview.info/articles/news/personalisation-algorithms-and-elections-breaking-free-filter-bubble/1385 - Homo Digitalis: Artificial intelligence in the courts: Myths and reality (31.12.2018)
https://www.homodigitalis.gr/en/posts/3326 - Homo Digitalis: Participation in the public consultation on the White Paper on Artificial Intelligence (14.06.2020)
https://www.homodigitalis.gr/en/posts/8354 - Noyb: Clearview AI’s biometric photo database deemed illegal in the EU, but only partial deletion ordered (28.01.2021)
https://noyb.eu/en/clearview-ai-deemed-illegal-eu - Panoptykon Foundation: Black-Boxed Politics (17.02.2020)
https://medium.com/@szymielewicz/black-boxed-politics-cebc0d5a54ad - Panoptykon Foundation: Submission to the consultation on the ‘White Paper on Artificial Intelligence (10.06.2020)
https://panoptykon.org/sites/default/files/stanowiska/panoptykon_ai_whitepaper_submission_10.06.2010_final.pdf - Privacy International: Profiling and Automated Decision Making: Is Artificial Intelligence Violating Your Right to Privacy? (05.12.2020)
https://privacyinternational.org/news-analysis/2537/profiling-and-automated-decision-making-artificial-intelligence-violating-your - Privacy International: The Identity Gatekeepers and the Future of Digital Identity (07.10.2020)
https://privacyinternational.org/long-read/3254/identity-gatekeepers-and-future-digital-identity - EU: Police seeking new technologies as Europol’s “Innovation Lab” takes shape (18.11.2020)
https://www.statewatch.org/news/2020/november/eu-police-seeking-new-technologies-as-europol-s-innovation-lab-takes-shape/ - Statewatch: “Artificial intelligence” could be used to screen and profile travellers to the EU (26.02.2021)
https://www.statewatch.org/news/2021/february/artificial-intelligence-could-be-used-to-screen-and-profile-travellers-to-the-eu/
3. EDRi articles, blogs and press releases
- Thompson Reuters: AI excellence, trust and ethics… But what about rights? (06.04.2020)
https://news.trust.org/item/20200406102507-py83w/ - EDRi blog: Can the EU make AI “trustworthy”? No – but they can make it just (04.06.2020)
https://edri.org/our-work/can-the-eu-make-ai-trustworthy-no-but-they-can-make-it-just/ - EU Scream: Data & Dystopia podcast (16.06.2020)
https://euscream.com/data-dystopia/ - Euractiv: US Corporations are talking about bans for AI. Will the EU? (19.06.2020)
https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/opinion/us-corporations-are-talking-about-bans-for-ai-will-the-eu/ - Euractiv: Technology has codified structural racism – will the EU tackle racist tech? (03.09.2020)
https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/opinion/technology-has-codified-structural-racism-will-the-eu-tackle-racist-tech/ - EDRi blog: Down with (discriminating) systems (10.09.2020)
https://edri.org/our-work/down-with-discriminating-systems/ - EDRi blog: EDRi & Access Now – Attention EU regulators: We need more than ethics to keep us safe (21.10.2020)
https://edri.org/our-work/attention-eu-regulators-we-need-more-than-ai-ethics-to-keep-us-safe/ - EDRi blog: Bits of Freedom – We want more than “symbolic gestures in response to discriminatory algorithms”
https://edri.org/our-work/we-want-more-than-symbolic-gestures-in-response-to-discriminatory-algorithms/ - EDRi blog: Chaos Computer Club and noyb – How to reclaim your face from Clearview AI (10.02.2021)
https://edri.org/our-work/reclaiming-your-face-from-clearview-ai/ - Euronews: Mass facial recognition is the apparatus of police states and must be regulated (17.02.2021)
https://www.euronews.com/2021/02/17/mass-facial-recognition-is-the-apparatus-of-police-states-and-must-be-regulated - EDRi blog: 116 MEPs agree – we need AI red lines to put people over profit
https://edri.org/our-work/meps-agree-we-need-ai-red-lines-to-put-people-over-profit/ - European Parliament Magazine: This is the EU’s chance to stop racism in artificial intelligence (16.03.2021)
https://edri.org/our-work/this-is-the-eus-chance-to-stop-racism-in-ai/
4. Legislative documents
European Commission
- Commission: Regulation on a European Approach for Artificial Intelligence (Leaked)
https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/POLITICO-Leaked-AI-Regulation-draft.pdf - Communication: Building Trust in Human Centric Artificial Intelligence (08.04.2019)
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/communication-building-trust-human-centric-artificial-intelligence - White Paper on Artificial Intelligence – a European approach to excellence and trust (19.02.2020)
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/white-paper-artificial-intelligence-european-approach-excellence-and-trust - Consultation: White Paper on Artificial Intelligence (17.07.2020)
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/white-paper-artificial-intelligence-european-approach-excellence-and-trust - European Commission Artificial Intelligence Inception Impact Assessment
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=PI_COM:Ares(2020)3896535&from=EN
European Parliament
- European Parliament, Resolution on a civil liability regime for artificial intelligence, (2020/2014(INL))
- European Parliament, Resolution on a framework of ethical aspects of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies (2020/2012(INL))
- European Parliament, Resolution on intellectual property rights for the development of artificial intelligence technologies (2020/2015(INI))
- European Parliament, Report on Artificial intelligence in education, culture and the audiovisual sector (2020/2017(INI)
- European Parliament Artificial intelligence in criminal law and its use by the police and judicial authorities in criminal matters (2020/2016(INI)) – forthcoming
Studies:
- European Parliament,EPRS, Selection of publications on Artificial intelligence, January 2021
- European Parliament, EPRS, An EU framework for artificial intelligence, October 2020.
- European Parliament, EPRS, Civil liability regime for artificial intelligence, September 2020
- European Parliament, EPRS, European framework on ethical aspects of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies, September 2020
5. Key dates (indicative)
- Publication of White Paper on Artificial Intelligence – 19th February 2020
- Closing of the consultation on Artificial Intelligence – 14th June 2020
- Launch of European Commission legislative proposal on artificial intelligence – 21st April 2021
6. Other useful resources
- AI Now Institute: Submission to the European Commission on“White Paper on AI – A European Approach” (14.06.2020)
https://ainowinstitute.org/ai-now-comments-to-eu-whitepaper-on-ai.pdf - Algorithm Watch: Response to the European Commission’s consultation on AI (06.2020)
https://algorithmwatch.org/en/response-european-commission-ai-consultation/ - Fair Trials: Regulating Artificial Intelligence for Use in Criminal Justice Systems in the EU – Policy Paper (06.2020)
https://www.fairtrials.org/sites/default/files/Regulating%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20for%20Use%20in%20Criminal%20Justice%20Systems%20-%20Fair%20Trials.pdf - Amnesty International: What is the Gangs Matrix? (18.05.2020)
https://www.amnesty.org.uk/london-trident-gangs-matrix-metropolitan-police - Amnesty International: We Sense Trouble: Automated Discrimination and Mass Surveillance in Predictive Policing in the Netherlands (30.09.2020)
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur35/2971/2020/en/ - Apps Drivers and Couriers Union: Gig economy workers score historic digital rights victory against Uber and Ola Cabs (12.03.2021)
https://www.adcu.org.uk/news-posts/gig-economy-workers-score-historic-digital-rights-victory-against-uber-and-ola-cabs - Democratic Society: Fear no more: Talking AI (02.10.2020)
https://www.demsoc.org/blog/fear-no-more-talking-ai - European Disability Forum: Plug and Pray – A disability perspective on artificial intelligence, automated decision-making and emerging technologies (15.12.2020)
https://www.edf-feph.org/publications/plug-and-pray-2018/ - European Network Against Racism: Data Driven Policing – The hardwiring of discriminatory policing practices across Europe (11.2019)
https://www.enar-eu.org/IMG/pdf/data-driven-profiling-web-final.pdf - Human rights Watch: EU Should Regulate Artificial Intelligence to Protect Rights(14.01.2021)
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/01/14/eu-should-regulate-artificial-intelligence-protect-rights - Politico: Europe’s artificial intelligence blindspot: Race (16.03.2021)
https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-artificial-intelligence-blindspot-race-algorithmic-harm/