Kadmium

Cadmium, ₄₈Cd

Cadmium
Ucapan	/ˈkædmiəm/ ​(KAD-mee-əm)
Katémbong	hawuk métalik
Beurat atom baku Ar, std(Cd)	112.414(4)
Nomer massa	Cd:
Cadmium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Zn ↑ Cd ↓ Hg salaka ← cadmium → indium
Atomic number (Z)	48
Golongan	group 12
Periode	period 5
Blok	d-block
Kategori unsur	Post-transition metal, alternatively considered a transition metal
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Éléktron per kulit	2, 8, 18, 18, 2
Pasipatan pisik
Pase at STP	Cd: Solid
Titik lé'éh	594.22 K ​(321.07 °C, ​609.93 °F)
Titik golak	1040 K ​(767 °C, ​1413 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	8.65 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.996 g/cm3
Panas fusi	6.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	99.87 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.020 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 530 583 654 745 867 1040
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.69
Ionization energies	1st: 867.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1631.4 kJ/mol 3rd: 3616 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 151 pm
Covalent radius	144±9 pm
Van der Waals radius	158 pm
Spectral lines of cadmium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	Cd: Primordial
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	2310 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	30.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	96.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	72.7 nΩ·m (at 22 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnétik
Magnetic susceptibility	−19.8·10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	19 GPa
Bulk modulus	42 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	2.0
Brinell hardness	203–220 MPa
CAS Number	7440-43-9
History
Discovery and first isolation	Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann jeung Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Named by	Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Main isotopes of cadmium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 106Cd 1.25% stable 107Cd syn 6.5 h ε 107Ag 108Cd 0.89% stable 109Cd syn 462.6 d ε 109Ag 110Cd 12.47% stable 111Cd 12.80% stable 112Cd 24.11% stable 113Cd 12.23% 7.7×1015 y β− 113In 113mCd syn 14.1 y β− 113In IT 113Cd 114Cd 28.75% stable 115Cd syn 53.46 h β− 115In 116Cd 7.51% 3.1×1019 y β−β− 116Sn

Kadmium nyaéta unsur kimia anu lambangna Cd sarta nomer atom 48. Logamna hipu, kelir bodas semu pérak, sacara kimia sarupa jeung logam stabil lianna dina golongan 12, séng jeung raksa. Siga séng, kaayaan oksidasina +2 dina kalolobaan sanyawana, jeung siga raksa, boga titik lééh leuwih handap tibatan logam alihan dina golongan 3 nepi ka 11. Kadmium jeung baturna di golongan 12 sering teu dianggap logam transisi, kusabab kulit éléktron d atawa f-na teu kaeusi sawarbh boh dina bentuk murnina kaayaan oksidasi umumna. Kadar kadmium dina kulit Bumi nyaéta antara 0,1 n.k. 0,5 bagéan per juta (ppm). Ieu logam kapanggih taun 1817 sacara simultan ku Stromeyer jeung Hermann, duanana di Jerman, salaku 'kokotor' dina séng karbonat .

Baca ogé

• Pigmén kadmium
• kadmium telurida
• Logam beurat beracun

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