I’ve just uploaded to the arXiv my paper The Ionescu-Wainger multiplier theorem and the adeles“. This paper revisits a useful multiplier theorem of Ionescu and Wainger on “major arc” Fourier multiplier operators on the integers (or lattices
), and strengthens the bounds while also interpreting it from the viewpoint of the adelic integers
(which were also used in my recent paper with Krause and Mirek).
For simplicity let us just work in one dimension. Any smooth function then defines a discrete Fourier multiplier operator
for any
by the formula
We will be interested in discrete Fourier multiplier operators whose symbols are supported on a finite union of arcs. One way to construct such operators is by “folding” continuous Fourier multiplier operators into various target frequencies. To make this folding operation precise, given any continuous Fourier multiplier operator , and any frequency
, we define the discrete Fourier multiplier operator
for any frequency shift
by the formula
There are a body of results relating the theory of discrete Fourier multiplier operators such as
or
with the
theory of their continuous counterparts. For instance we have the basic result of Magyar, Stein, and Wainger:
Proposition 1 (Magyar-Stein-Wainger sampling principle) Letand
.
- (i) If
is a smooth function supported in
, then
, where
denotes the operator norm of an operator
.
- (ii) More generally, if
is a smooth function supported in
for some natural number
, then
.
When the implied constant in these bounds can be set to equal
. In the paper of Magyar, Stein, and Wainger it was posed as an open problem as to whether this is the case for other
; in an appendix to this paper I show that the answer is negative if
is sufficiently close to
or
, but I do not know the full answer to this question.
This proposition allows one to get a good multiplier theory for symbols supported near cyclic groups ; for instance it shows that a discrete Fourier multiplier with symbol
for a fixed test function
is bounded on
, uniformly in
and
. For many applications in discrete harmonic analysis, one would similarly like a good multiplier theory for symbols supported in “major arc” sets such as
In the regime where is fixed and
is small, there is a good theory:
Theorem 2 (Ionescu-Wainger theorem, rough version) Ifis an even integer or the dual of an even integer, and
is supported on
for a sufficiently small
, then
There is a more explicit description of how small needs to be for this theorem to work (roughly speaking, it is not much more than what is needed for all the arcs
in (2) to be disjoint), but we will not give it here. The logarithmic loss of
was reduced to
by Mirek. In this paper we refine the bound further to
The proof of (3) follows a similar strategy as to previous proofs of Ionescu-Wainger type. By duality we may assume . We use the following standard sequence of steps:
- (i) (Denominator orthogonality) First one splits
into various pieces depending on the denominator
appearing in the element of
, and exploits “superorthogonality” in
to estimate the
norm by the
norm of an appropriate square function.
- (ii) (Nonconcentration) One expands out the
power of the square function and estimates it by a “nonconcentrated” version in which various factors that arise in the expansion are “disjoint”.
- (iii) (Numerator orthogonality) We now decompose based on the numerators
appearing in the relevant elements of
, and exploit some residual orthogonality in this parameter to reduce to estimating a square-function type expression involving sums over various cosets
.
- (iv) (Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund) One uses the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund theorem relating scalar and vector valued operator norms to eliminate the role of the multiplier
.
- (v) (Rubio de Francia) Use a reverse square function estimate of Rubio de Francia type to conclude.
The main innovations are that of using the probabilistic decoupling method to remove some logarithmic losses in (i), and recent progress on the Erdos-Rado sunflower conjecture (as discussed in this recent post) to improve the bounds in (ii). For (i), the key point is that one can express a sum such as
In this paper we interpret the Ionescu-Wainger multiplier theorem as being essentially a consequence of various quantitative versions of the Shannon sampling theorem. Recall that this theorem asserts that if a (Schwartz) function has its Fourier transform supported on
, then
can be recovered uniquely from its restriction
. In fact, as can be shown from a little bit of routine Fourier analysis, if we narrow the support of the Fourier transform slightly to
for some
, then the restriction
has the same
behaviour as the original function, in the sense that
The quantitative sampling theorem (4) can be used to give an alternate proof of Proposition 1(i), basically thanks to the identity
The locally compact abelian groups and
can all be viewed as projections of the adelic integers
(the product of the reals and the profinite integers
). By using the Ionescu-Wainger multiplier theorem, we are able to obtain an adelic version of the quantitative sampling estimate (5), namely
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